Evolutionary Origins of Stigmatization: The
... of members of a particular group. Personal rejections based on idiosyncratic preferences would not be considered stigmatization. We argue that many of the characteristics that lead to stigma-based social exclusion are nonarbitrary and derive from evolved adaptations designed to cause people to avoid ...
... of members of a particular group. Personal rejections based on idiosyncratic preferences would not be considered stigmatization. We argue that many of the characteristics that lead to stigma-based social exclusion are nonarbitrary and derive from evolved adaptations designed to cause people to avoid ...
(Dis)respecting versus (Dis)liking
... elicited less agreement than the positive traits (e.g., industrious, warm); they are both less frequent and more extreme. For these reasons, then, our subsequent analyses focused on the positive ends of the competence and warmth dimensions. Of course, negativity can (and does) come out in low rating ...
... elicited less agreement than the positive traits (e.g., industrious, warm); they are both less frequent and more extreme. For these reasons, then, our subsequent analyses focused on the positive ends of the competence and warmth dimensions. Of course, negativity can (and does) come out in low rating ...
Guardians of Safety: Why good social work pays
... profession affords to the vulnerable people for whom councils are responsible: first, there is accountability to the professional regulator and, second, there is a professional body of opinion to set the standards of practice required. These safeguards are necessary because social workers build rela ...
... profession affords to the vulnerable people for whom councils are responsible: first, there is accountability to the professional regulator and, second, there is a professional body of opinion to set the standards of practice required. These safeguards are necessary because social workers build rela ...
Social Identity Complexity and Outgroup Tolerance
... perceives the degree of overlap between the membership of different ingroup identities. Through such indirect assessment, we can attempt to identify where an individual falls between the extremes of identity convergence or identity complexity when two or more ingroup memberships are made salient. In ...
... perceives the degree of overlap between the membership of different ingroup identities. Through such indirect assessment, we can attempt to identify where an individual falls between the extremes of identity convergence or identity complexity when two or more ingroup memberships are made salient. In ...
Growing old and lonely in different societies: Toward a comparative
... isolation are by no means equivalent (Larsen et al. 1985; Lopata 1969; Mullins and McNicholas 1986; Weiss 1982). While these two variables may be related for some persons, the correlation is less than perfect. Moreover, while social isolation may be “explained” in terms of objective demographic or e ...
... isolation are by no means equivalent (Larsen et al. 1985; Lopata 1969; Mullins and McNicholas 1986; Weiss 1982). While these two variables may be related for some persons, the correlation is less than perfect. Moreover, while social isolation may be “explained” in terms of objective demographic or e ...
The Role of Virtual Communities as Shopping Reference Groups
... their interactions are accessible to outsiders (“lurkers”) who for various reasons do not contribute to discussions, but nevertheless may be strongly influenced by the community. The text-based computer-mediated nature of virtual communities makes them more unique, and not identifiable in terms of t ...
... their interactions are accessible to outsiders (“lurkers”) who for various reasons do not contribute to discussions, but nevertheless may be strongly influenced by the community. The text-based computer-mediated nature of virtual communities makes them more unique, and not identifiable in terms of t ...
UNIT 2: Social Psychology
... India, Australia, and the United States (Furnham, 1982; Pandey et al., 1982; Wagstaff, 1982; Zucker & Weiner, 1993) report that political conservatives tend to attribute such social problems to the personal dispositions of the poor and unemployed themselves: ―People generally get what they deserve. ...
... India, Australia, and the United States (Furnham, 1982; Pandey et al., 1982; Wagstaff, 1982; Zucker & Weiner, 1993) report that political conservatives tend to attribute such social problems to the personal dispositions of the poor and unemployed themselves: ―People generally get what they deserve. ...
Points of View and the reconciliation of Identity Oppositions
... novelty of the Other and their ways of thinking about the world. The ways of the Other represent an alternative to the individual’s own way of thinking, challenging one’s own perspective possibly fundamentally (Chryssochoou, 2004). At times, in intercultural encounters, individuals may be faced with ...
... novelty of the Other and their ways of thinking about the world. The ways of the Other represent an alternative to the individual’s own way of thinking, challenging one’s own perspective possibly fundamentally (Chryssochoou, 2004). At times, in intercultural encounters, individuals may be faced with ...
Basic Concepts and Theories
... such as hunger or anger, but there is also in psychology a long history of conceptualizing and measuring motivational factors as relatively enduring dispositions or traits (e.g., Allport, 1937; Heckhausen, 1967, 1991; Jackson, Ahmed, & Heapy, 1976; McClelland et al., 1953; Murray, 1938). For example ...
... such as hunger or anger, but there is also in psychology a long history of conceptualizing and measuring motivational factors as relatively enduring dispositions or traits (e.g., Allport, 1937; Heckhausen, 1967, 1991; Jackson, Ahmed, & Heapy, 1976; McClelland et al., 1953; Murray, 1938). For example ...
The effects of being categorised: The interplay
... of group membership (Ellemers, Kortekaas, & Ouwerkerk, 1999b; Fiske, 1998; Hamilton & Gifford, 1976; Kanter, 1977). At a cognitive level, these factors may have similar effects when looking from the perspective of the targets involved (e.g., McGuire, McGuire, Child, & Fujioka, 1978). However, it is no ...
... of group membership (Ellemers, Kortekaas, & Ouwerkerk, 1999b; Fiske, 1998; Hamilton & Gifford, 1976; Kanter, 1977). At a cognitive level, these factors may have similar effects when looking from the perspective of the targets involved (e.g., McGuire, McGuire, Child, & Fujioka, 1978). However, it is no ...
Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
... Milgram study. Most of them, men and women equally, inflicted what they you were instructed to harm an innocent person, would thought were dangerous amounts of shock to another person. Researchers you do it or would you refuse? in other countries have also found high percentages of obedience, rangin ...
... Milgram study. Most of them, men and women equally, inflicted what they you were instructed to harm an innocent person, would thought were dangerous amounts of shock to another person. Researchers you do it or would you refuse? in other countries have also found high percentages of obedience, rangin ...
Cultural and social psychologists recognize the importance of social
... dimensions that facilitate belonging, and these dimensions will be, we suggest, pancultural. Understanding Relationships versus Persons. Although socially shared understanding appears universal, people’s strategies for understanding also show some cultural variation, consistent with emphasis on auto ...
... dimensions that facilitate belonging, and these dimensions will be, we suggest, pancultural. Understanding Relationships versus Persons. Although socially shared understanding appears universal, people’s strategies for understanding also show some cultural variation, consistent with emphasis on auto ...
04 Pull and Pus h Factors
... • An early paradigm for understanding tourist motivation is the push-pull model. • This is based on the distinction between factors which encourage individuals to move away from their home setting through tourism (push factors) and those attributes of a different place which attract or 'pull' them t ...
... • An early paradigm for understanding tourist motivation is the push-pull model. • This is based on the distinction between factors which encourage individuals to move away from their home setting through tourism (push factors) and those attributes of a different place which attract or 'pull' them t ...
MCAT Psychology and Sociology Review
... perceptions of the ideal life (social goals). These societies also have accepted means of achieving these established goals. In expanding upon Durkheim’s research, Merton specified that anomie is the state in which there is a mismatch between the common social goals and the structural or institution ...
... perceptions of the ideal life (social goals). These societies also have accepted means of achieving these established goals. In expanding upon Durkheim’s research, Merton specified that anomie is the state in which there is a mismatch between the common social goals and the structural or institution ...
Thinking about Social Problems
... Social Groups Institutions are made up of social groups. A social group is defined as two or more people who have a common identity, interact, and form a social relationship. For example, the family in which you were reared is a social group that is part of the family institution. The religious ass ...
... Social Groups Institutions are made up of social groups. A social group is defined as two or more people who have a common identity, interact, and form a social relationship. For example, the family in which you were reared is a social group that is part of the family institution. The religious ass ...
Group Dynamics and Team Worl
... • Reference groups are that people refer to when evaluating their (own) qualities, circumstances, attitudes, values and behavior. By William Thompson and Joseph Hickey ...
... • Reference groups are that people refer to when evaluating their (own) qualities, circumstances, attitudes, values and behavior. By William Thompson and Joseph Hickey ...
Communication in Health-Related Online Social Support Groups
... port group/community participants, social support communication processes, and the relationships among social support and key health outcomes. In an attempt to shed light on these questions, this article reviews the current literature on communication issues related to social support within online s ...
... port group/community participants, social support communication processes, and the relationships among social support and key health outcomes. In an attempt to shed light on these questions, this article reviews the current literature on communication issues related to social support within online s ...
The Role of Passionate Individuals in Economic Development
... A logical extension of this intuition is that observed changes in the economic system may be rare but large and long-lasting, which is also true about Gumilev’s intuition of the “passionate push”. In the formal theory outlined below, I borrow the intuition of multiple equilibria to model Gumilev’s ...
... A logical extension of this intuition is that observed changes in the economic system may be rare but large and long-lasting, which is also true about Gumilev’s intuition of the “passionate push”. In the formal theory outlined below, I borrow the intuition of multiple equilibria to model Gumilev’s ...
Ch 14 - St. Louis Public Schools
... attitude. During the Korean war, many captured U.S. soldiers were imprisoned in war camps run by Chinese communists. Without using brutality, the captors secured the prisoners’ collaboration in various activities. Some merely ran errands or accepted favors. Others made radio appeals and false confes ...
... attitude. During the Korean war, many captured U.S. soldiers were imprisoned in war camps run by Chinese communists. Without using brutality, the captors secured the prisoners’ collaboration in various activities. Some merely ran errands or accepted favors. Others made radio appeals and false confes ...
Psych 1 Chapter-12 Review Quiz and Solutions 1. All of the
... a. innate personality traits b. physical qualities people have, such as attractiveness c. genetic predispositions to behave a certain way d. explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others ...
... a. innate personality traits b. physical qualities people have, such as attractiveness c. genetic predispositions to behave a certain way d. explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others ...
View/Open
... Several works in social psychology have showed that, from a phenomenological point of view, it is difficult to distinguish the attributes that the individuals would like to possess (the ideal attributes) from those they think they ought to have in order to conform to the expectations produced within ...
... Several works in social psychology have showed that, from a phenomenological point of view, it is difficult to distinguish the attributes that the individuals would like to possess (the ideal attributes) from those they think they ought to have in order to conform to the expectations produced within ...
Social Psychology
... classic study of conformity by having participants gather in a room. They were told that they were participating in an experiment on visual judgment. They were then shown a white card with three black lines of varying lengths followed by another white card with only one line on it. The task was to d ...
... classic study of conformity by having participants gather in a room. They were told that they were participating in an experiment on visual judgment. They were then shown a white card with three black lines of varying lengths followed by another white card with only one line on it. The task was to d ...
Print
... audience; this should increase their incentive to reciprocate altruism (in terms of positive reputation), and decrease their incentive to cheat (in terms of negative reputation, and sanctions or punishment). As such, they should be more cooperative, and we should expect individuals to be more willin ...
... audience; this should increase their incentive to reciprocate altruism (in terms of positive reputation), and decrease their incentive to cheat (in terms of negative reputation, and sanctions or punishment). As such, they should be more cooperative, and we should expect individuals to be more willin ...
Narrative organisation of social representations Janos Laszlo
... psychological theory, but rather a broad approach or framework for studying social psychological phenomena, or as Doise (1993) puts it a "grand theory". As such it is said to lend general conceptions about individual and/or societal functioning to orientate research efforts and to require ...
... psychological theory, but rather a broad approach or framework for studying social psychological phenomena, or as Doise (1993) puts it a "grand theory". As such it is said to lend general conceptions about individual and/or societal functioning to orientate research efforts and to require ...
Social loafing
In the social psychology of groups, social loafing is the phenomenon of people exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. This is seen as one of the main reasons groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals, but should be distinguished from the accidental coordination problems that groups sometimes experience.Social loafing can be explained by the ""free-rider"" theory and the resulting ""sucker effect"", which is an individual’s reduction in effort in order to avoid pulling the weight of a fellow group member.Research on social loafing began with rope pulling experiments by Ringelmann, who found that members of a group tended to exert less effort in pulling a rope than did individuals alone. In more recent research, studies involving modern technology, such as online and distributed groups, have also shown clear evidence of social loafing. Many of the causes of social loafing stem from an individual feeling that his or her effort will not matter to the group.