25. A standardized direct contact challenge method for FMDV in swine
... Pigs are excellent viral amplifiers of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and play an important role in the airborne transmission and spread of FMDV to other species and among different premises. Thus protection of pigs either by vaccination or biotherapeutic treatment could be essential to control ...
... Pigs are excellent viral amplifiers of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and play an important role in the airborne transmission and spread of FMDV to other species and among different premises. Thus protection of pigs either by vaccination or biotherapeutic treatment could be essential to control ...
Presenting problems in infectious diseases
... Mild: Malaria, toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis, HIV, Typhoid, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, ...
... Mild: Malaria, toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis, HIV, Typhoid, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, ...
Press release New consensus definition of late presentation
... lack of symptoms these infectious diseases are often referred to as the silent epidemic. This means that many people are not being tested prior to symptoms emerging which delays access to the available effective treatments for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. When people are diagnosed late in the course ...
... lack of symptoms these infectious diseases are often referred to as the silent epidemic. This means that many people are not being tested prior to symptoms emerging which delays access to the available effective treatments for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. When people are diagnosed late in the course ...
1._Encephalitis_&_Meningitis
... Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Sulaymani University ...
... Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Sulaymani University ...
disease - West Ada
... appetite, skin rashes, pain in the upper right abdomen, dark yellow urine, and jaundice ...
... appetite, skin rashes, pain in the upper right abdomen, dark yellow urine, and jaundice ...
Chapter 38
... – Dane particle is infectious virion – transmitted through body fluids and intravenous equipment – can pass the placenta and breast milk ...
... – Dane particle is infectious virion – transmitted through body fluids and intravenous equipment – can pass the placenta and breast milk ...
Unit 22 – ICO 2 – Causes and Spread of Infection
... Explain the conditions needed f or the growth of micro-organisms (Dip:22 2.1) ...
... Explain the conditions needed f or the growth of micro-organisms (Dip:22 2.1) ...
Prevention of HBV infections: vaccination and its limitations
... HBsAg vaccine is effective in preventing HBV infection despite the fact that : • Anti-HBs is not strictly a ‘neutralizing’ antibody, since HBsAg is probably not the receptor-binding element of HBV • HBsAg is a poor immunogen ...
... HBsAg vaccine is effective in preventing HBV infection despite the fact that : • Anti-HBs is not strictly a ‘neutralizing’ antibody, since HBsAg is probably not the receptor-binding element of HBV • HBsAg is a poor immunogen ...
Virus Production Services
... many viruses including those listed below. For viruses not listed, please contact us. ...
... many viruses including those listed below. For viruses not listed, please contact us. ...
Recurrent Nonfatal Chromobacterium violaceum Infection in a
... well-known inhabitant of soil and water -- particularly stagnant or slow-moving water sources -in the southeastern United States.[2,3] An underlying defect in host defense, especially that of neutrophils, seems to predispose to infection.[2] Of the cases reported in the United States, 73% have ended ...
... well-known inhabitant of soil and water -- particularly stagnant or slow-moving water sources -in the southeastern United States.[2,3] An underlying defect in host defense, especially that of neutrophils, seems to predispose to infection.[2] Of the cases reported in the United States, 73% have ended ...
Intravenous Drug Administration
... • describe how risks of infection in intravenous drug administration and line use can be minimised; ...
... • describe how risks of infection in intravenous drug administration and line use can be minimised; ...
Journal Club - Clinical Chemistry
... Laboratory-acquired bacterial/fungal risks primarily from culture, e.g. Meningococcus and Brucella ...
... Laboratory-acquired bacterial/fungal risks primarily from culture, e.g. Meningococcus and Brucella ...
Tuberculosis What is Tuberculosis?
... invade the lungs and slowly multiply. At this stage, the body’s own defences may fight off the infection. This often happens during childhood in countries where TB is common. Such TB infection may cause no symptoms or result in no more than mild “flu” like illness. Only 10-20% of people infected in ...
... invade the lungs and slowly multiply. At this stage, the body’s own defences may fight off the infection. This often happens during childhood in countries where TB is common. Such TB infection may cause no symptoms or result in no more than mild “flu” like illness. Only 10-20% of people infected in ...
Neosporosis
... After infection, a dog will shed for only 2-3 weeks but does not usually show any clinical signs. After this period the dog develops immunity and is no longer a threat to cattle. ...
... After infection, a dog will shed for only 2-3 weeks but does not usually show any clinical signs. After this period the dog develops immunity and is no longer a threat to cattle. ...
Lecture 24
... – Crytosporidium hominis causes diarrhea; in immunosuppressed patients, the disease is prolonged for months. – The pathogen is transmitted in contaminated water. – Diagnosis is based on the identification of oocysts in feces. ...
... – Crytosporidium hominis causes diarrhea; in immunosuppressed patients, the disease is prolonged for months. – The pathogen is transmitted in contaminated water. – Diagnosis is based on the identification of oocysts in feces. ...
Official communique: Chikungunya virus
... The number of cases of Chikungunya an alphavirus transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, continues to grow. The outbreak began in the Caribbean in December 2013 and until the present nearly 305,000 suspected cases have been reported to the Pan American Health Organization/W ...
... The number of cases of Chikungunya an alphavirus transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, continues to grow. The outbreak began in the Caribbean in December 2013 and until the present nearly 305,000 suspected cases have been reported to the Pan American Health Organization/W ...
Intravenous Drug Administration
... • describe how risks of infection in intravenous drug administration and line use can be minimised; ...
... • describe how risks of infection in intravenous drug administration and line use can be minimised; ...
Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in liver diseases caused by
... a disulphide bridge. Liver is the major source of circulating Lp(a)15,16. This finding was also confirmed by the observation that after liver transplantation, the recipients acquired donors’ apo(a) phenotype17. Subsequent studies reported that it is apo(a) and not the total Lp(a) particle, which is ...
... a disulphide bridge. Liver is the major source of circulating Lp(a)15,16. This finding was also confirmed by the observation that after liver transplantation, the recipients acquired donors’ apo(a) phenotype17. Subsequent studies reported that it is apo(a) and not the total Lp(a) particle, which is ...
foodborne_disease_-3
... Mandating proof of vaccination for food handlers or offering tax credits for food service operators who provide hepatitis A vaccine to employees have been implemented in some areas. ...
... Mandating proof of vaccination for food handlers or offering tax credits for food service operators who provide hepatitis A vaccine to employees have been implemented in some areas. ...
Ch.13 Part II
... transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host • Highly communicable disease is contagious • Non-communicable infectious disease does not arise through transmission from host to host • Occurs primarily when a compromised person is invaded by his or her own normal ...
... transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host • Highly communicable disease is contagious • Non-communicable infectious disease does not arise through transmission from host to host • Occurs primarily when a compromised person is invaded by his or her own normal ...
Norovirus (Winter Vomiting Disease)
... A virus known as norovirus causes winter vomiting disease. The virus usually causes short-lasting outbreaks but can be very contagious. The infection has caused many outbreaks in the community and in health care settings in recent years. ...
... A virus known as norovirus causes winter vomiting disease. The virus usually causes short-lasting outbreaks but can be very contagious. The infection has caused many outbreaks in the community and in health care settings in recent years. ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.