Faculty of Public Health
... Direct contact The organism is passed to a susceptible person when he or she has contact with an infected person’s skin, mucus membranes or body fluid (blood, urine, feces). ...
... Direct contact The organism is passed to a susceptible person when he or she has contact with an infected person’s skin, mucus membranes or body fluid (blood, urine, feces). ...
Haywood County Safety Training
... Hepatitis C (HCV) • Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States. • Symptoms include: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea and vomiting. • May lead to chronic liver disease and death. ...
... Hepatitis C (HCV) • Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States. • Symptoms include: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea and vomiting. • May lead to chronic liver disease and death. ...
PowerPoint - Harrison County Schools
... Once transmitted, the incubation period is an average of 45 to 75 days. It also causes a serious liver disease with symptoms similar to hepatitis B. Only 25% to 30% of infected individuals show any signs of infection, and those signs may not be recognized. People chronically infected with hepatitis ...
... Once transmitted, the incubation period is an average of 45 to 75 days. It also causes a serious liver disease with symptoms similar to hepatitis B. Only 25% to 30% of infected individuals show any signs of infection, and those signs may not be recognized. People chronically infected with hepatitis ...
Brooklyn Hospital Center
... increased risk. Ongoing surveillance of these patients is performed daily. These best practice interventions include: full barrier precautions for insertion, proper hand hygiene, daily assessment for ongoing use, site selection, daily nursing maintenance, ensuring Chlorhexidine dressings and chlorhe ...
... increased risk. Ongoing surveillance of these patients is performed daily. These best practice interventions include: full barrier precautions for insertion, proper hand hygiene, daily assessment for ongoing use, site selection, daily nursing maintenance, ensuring Chlorhexidine dressings and chlorhe ...
ID Snapshot How are respiratory viruses transmitted?
... Large particles settle more rapidly than small particles and present a risk mostly to those close to the infected person. Large particle droplets are generated during a sneeze or a procedure such as bronchoscopy or suctioning. Large particles travel less than 3-5 feet from an infected person and tra ...
... Large particles settle more rapidly than small particles and present a risk mostly to those close to the infected person. Large particle droplets are generated during a sneeze or a procedure such as bronchoscopy or suctioning. Large particles travel less than 3-5 feet from an infected person and tra ...
Chapter 6
... may project from the envelope surface as spikes or peplomers – involved in viral attachment to host cell • e.g., hemagglutinin of influenza virus ...
... may project from the envelope surface as spikes or peplomers – involved in viral attachment to host cell • e.g., hemagglutinin of influenza virus ...
Dr. Ramesh TB Presentation
... • Location of the exposure: Closed rooms without significant air circulation or filtration are the most risky. • Closeness and time: The closer one is physically and the longer the time spent together the more likely transmission will occur. ...
... • Location of the exposure: Closed rooms without significant air circulation or filtration are the most risky. • Closeness and time: The closer one is physically and the longer the time spent together the more likely transmission will occur. ...
Microbes and Disease - Miss Hanson's Biology Resources
... body and antibodies are produced very quickly if the same antigen is encountered a second time. This memory provides immunity following a natural infection and after vaccination. The response is highly specific to the antigen involved. ...
... body and antibodies are produced very quickly if the same antigen is encountered a second time. This memory provides immunity following a natural infection and after vaccination. The response is highly specific to the antigen involved. ...
Primary varicella infection associated with Steven
... with varying grades of severity. It is often induced by drugs but viral infections are known triggers of this disease. Varicella zoster virus has been reported rarely as an etiological agent.It often begins with flu like symptoms followed by painful, red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters.An ...
... with varying grades of severity. It is often induced by drugs but viral infections are known triggers of this disease. Varicella zoster virus has been reported rarely as an etiological agent.It often begins with flu like symptoms followed by painful, red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters.An ...
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
... Natural history and clinical features Causative agent. Marburgvirus of the Filoviridae family. Geographical occurrence. A large, 2-centre outbreak in Marburg , Germany, and Belgrade, former Yugoslavia, in 1967 led to the initial recognition of the disease. The outbreak was associated laboratory work ...
... Natural history and clinical features Causative agent. Marburgvirus of the Filoviridae family. Geographical occurrence. A large, 2-centre outbreak in Marburg , Germany, and Belgrade, former Yugoslavia, in 1967 led to the initial recognition of the disease. The outbreak was associated laboratory work ...
RSV - NSW Health
... children under 2 years of age. In this age group RSV can cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small breathing tubes of the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lung). Infections peak in late autumn or winter in NSW. Almost all children will have been infected by the age of 3 years, but symptoms ...
... children under 2 years of age. In this age group RSV can cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small breathing tubes of the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lung). Infections peak in late autumn or winter in NSW. Almost all children will have been infected by the age of 3 years, but symptoms ...
Detection of viral genetic material
... patent ductus arteriosus , deafness mental retardation , Postnatal mild disease , erythematous maculopapular rash , postauricular lymphadenopathy transient polyarthralgias ...
... patent ductus arteriosus , deafness mental retardation , Postnatal mild disease , erythematous maculopapular rash , postauricular lymphadenopathy transient polyarthralgias ...
Causative agents of viral hepatites
... The particles are uniformly 22 nm in diameter, existing as both spherical particles and filaments (Fig. 1). Treatment with ether removes a 2-nm envelope, leaving a 20-nm particle. However, these particles do not contain nucleic acid and since have been shown to represent incomplete virus particles ...
... The particles are uniformly 22 nm in diameter, existing as both spherical particles and filaments (Fig. 1). Treatment with ether removes a 2-nm envelope, leaving a 20-nm particle. However, these particles do not contain nucleic acid and since have been shown to represent incomplete virus particles ...
26 Infection control in an era of emerging infectious diseases
... Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases present a real challenge to all health care providers. Three of the more than 50 emerging and reemerging infectious diseases identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO) include Ebola virus disease ( ...
... Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases present a real challenge to all health care providers. Three of the more than 50 emerging and reemerging infectious diseases identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO) include Ebola virus disease ( ...
18-1: Genetics of Viruses
... Be indirectly responsible for disease symptoms. Fever, aches and inflammation may result from activities of the immune system. ...
... Be indirectly responsible for disease symptoms. Fever, aches and inflammation may result from activities of the immune system. ...
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
... • Cough, chorya, conjunctivitis • Rash is maculopapular lasting 5-4 days • 30% or more who have the disease will have complications ...
... • Cough, chorya, conjunctivitis • Rash is maculopapular lasting 5-4 days • 30% or more who have the disease will have complications ...
Combination Codes
... Example: Ms. B was diagnosed with a candidial infection of the vulva and vagina ...
... Example: Ms. B was diagnosed with a candidial infection of the vulva and vagina ...
Viral Pathogens
... • Many enteric viruses in environmental samples do not cause cytopathogenic effects (CPE) – will not be detected by microscopic examination – require additional methods to detect their presence • immunochemical methods – detect antigens in infected cells • nucleic acid methods – nucleic acid hybridi ...
... • Many enteric viruses in environmental samples do not cause cytopathogenic effects (CPE) – will not be detected by microscopic examination – require additional methods to detect their presence • immunochemical methods – detect antigens in infected cells • nucleic acid methods – nucleic acid hybridi ...
Course and forms of infection
... The prodromal period: non specific symptoms (fever, loss of apetite) The acute specific illness: characteristic signs and symptoms The recovery period: the patient returns to health ...
... The prodromal period: non specific symptoms (fever, loss of apetite) The acute specific illness: characteristic signs and symptoms The recovery period: the patient returns to health ...
Ebola Virus
... about the time of defervescence in survivors during the second week of illness following detection of specific antibody. Limited data suggest that viral nucleic acid may persist in some tissues for several months. ...
... about the time of defervescence in survivors during the second week of illness following detection of specific antibody. Limited data suggest that viral nucleic acid may persist in some tissues for several months. ...
Feline leukaemia virus: a review
... Retroviruses are transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Early studies into FeLV suggested that is was mainly transmitted vertically. Recent research shows that horizontal transmission is most important in FeLV infections, as not all infected queens transmit virus to their kittens in utero. Th ...
... Retroviruses are transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Early studies into FeLV suggested that is was mainly transmitted vertically. Recent research shows that horizontal transmission is most important in FeLV infections, as not all infected queens transmit virus to their kittens in utero. Th ...
Epidemiology Lecture2010-10
... 2-FOOD AND DRINK-BORNE: * The enteric group (salmonellae) * The dysentery group (shigellae) •The rotaviruses (G.E.) •Hep A * Cholera * Food poisoning (staph). * Amoebic dysentery. * Helminths. ...
... 2-FOOD AND DRINK-BORNE: * The enteric group (salmonellae) * The dysentery group (shigellae) •The rotaviruses (G.E.) •Hep A * Cholera * Food poisoning (staph). * Amoebic dysentery. * Helminths. ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.