Estimating minimum host population size for Varicella zoster virus
... primary infection (chicken pox) –> latency for many year (~60 years) -> reactivation (Zoster), which triggers a new chicken pox outbreak (primary infection) -> latency ->…. The different branch lengths would thus be explained by different durations of latency periods for HSV-1 and VZV, and frequenci ...
... primary infection (chicken pox) –> latency for many year (~60 years) -> reactivation (Zoster), which triggers a new chicken pox outbreak (primary infection) -> latency ->…. The different branch lengths would thus be explained by different durations of latency periods for HSV-1 and VZV, and frequenci ...
Red blood cells medical powerpoint template
... liver disease, liver cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood ...
... liver disease, liver cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • As of December 2001, occupational exposure to HIV has resulted in 57 documented cases of HIV seroconversion among healthcare personnel (HCP) in the US. • The average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood has been estimated to be approximately 0.3%. • HIV doe ...
... • As of December 2001, occupational exposure to HIV has resulted in 57 documented cases of HIV seroconversion among healthcare personnel (HCP) in the US. • The average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood has been estimated to be approximately 0.3%. • HIV doe ...
Causes and Spread of Infection – Unit Information
... Viruses target specific cells in the body, such as those in the genitals or upper respiratory tract. Some target certain age groups, such as babies or young children, such as those that cause croup. The rabies virus targets the cells in the host's nervous system. Viruses may target skin cells and ca ...
... Viruses target specific cells in the body, such as those in the genitals or upper respiratory tract. Some target certain age groups, such as babies or young children, such as those that cause croup. The rabies virus targets the cells in the host's nervous system. Viruses may target skin cells and ca ...
diagnostic show xlvets 14 9 11
... BVD Reproductive effects Infection during pregnancy Effect on foetus Month 1 Embryo death Month 2-4 Persistent Infection (PI) Month 5-9 abortions, deformities, etc ...
... BVD Reproductive effects Infection during pregnancy Effect on foetus Month 1 Embryo death Month 2-4 Persistent Infection (PI) Month 5-9 abortions, deformities, etc ...
TT viruses
... virus. TT virus variants are classified into five major genogroups, comprising of at least 23 genotypes16 and several subtypes. TTV detection is primarily based on viral DNA detection. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity, detection rates depend largely on the region of the genome amplified, leadin ...
... virus. TT virus variants are classified into five major genogroups, comprising of at least 23 genotypes16 and several subtypes. TTV detection is primarily based on viral DNA detection. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity, detection rates depend largely on the region of the genome amplified, leadin ...
menstrual irregularities and abnormal uterine bleeding
... diseases) are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States today. STDs are sometimes referred to as sexually transmitted infections, since these conditions involve the transmission of an infectious organism between sex partners. More than 20 different STDs have been identified, and ...
... diseases) are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States today. STDs are sometimes referred to as sexually transmitted infections, since these conditions involve the transmission of an infectious organism between sex partners. More than 20 different STDs have been identified, and ...
Lecture 6- Bacteria- Phathogenesis
... • Endotoxin is lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), called lipid A. • Effect exerted when gram-negative cells die and cell walls undergo lysis, liberating endotoxin. • All produce the same signs and symptoms: • Chills, fever, weakness, general aches, blood clotting and tissue death, shock, an ...
... • Endotoxin is lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), called lipid A. • Effect exerted when gram-negative cells die and cell walls undergo lysis, liberating endotoxin. • All produce the same signs and symptoms: • Chills, fever, weakness, general aches, blood clotting and tissue death, shock, an ...
The infectivity
... The typical patient presents with a prodrom 1-2 days and consisting of fever, headache, and vomiting. Parotitis then appears and may be unilateral ,then becomes bilateral in about 70% of cases .The parotid gland is tender, and may be accompanied by ear pain on the ipsilateral side. Sour foods or liq ...
... The typical patient presents with a prodrom 1-2 days and consisting of fever, headache, and vomiting. Parotitis then appears and may be unilateral ,then becomes bilateral in about 70% of cases .The parotid gland is tender, and may be accompanied by ear pain on the ipsilateral side. Sour foods or liq ...
VIRUS IN GENERAL 2010
... immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen. This approach is used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Recombinant Vector - by combining the physiology of one micro-organism and the DNA of the other, immunity can be created against diseases th ...
... immune system can be led to recognize the polysaccharide as if it were a protein antigen. This approach is used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Recombinant Vector - by combining the physiology of one micro-organism and the DNA of the other, immunity can be created against diseases th ...
Infection Control - Ontario Dental Association
... the office clean and safe from infectious disease. Patients commonly ask how dental instruments and working areas are kept clean throughout the day. This fact sheet is intended to answer some frequently asked questions, and to provide you with the latest information on what are known as infection co ...
... the office clean and safe from infectious disease. Patients commonly ask how dental instruments and working areas are kept clean throughout the day. This fact sheet is intended to answer some frequently asked questions, and to provide you with the latest information on what are known as infection co ...
Table S3.
... Is important for HCV assembly and release of infectious viral particles.3 Although apolipoprotein E has never been described as a marker for hepatic scarring, its polymorphism may influence the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis.4 Hemopexin Has been shown to increase in serum from patients wit ...
... Is important for HCV assembly and release of infectious viral particles.3 Although apolipoprotein E has never been described as a marker for hepatic scarring, its polymorphism may influence the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis.4 Hemopexin Has been shown to increase in serum from patients wit ...
Skills Worksheet
... Segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat are called (1) _______________________. The protein coat, or (2) ___________________, may contain RNA or DNA, but not both. Many viruses have a(n) (3) _______________________, which surrounds the capsid and helps the virus enter cells. Viruses th ...
... Segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat are called (1) _______________________. The protein coat, or (2) ___________________, may contain RNA or DNA, but not both. Many viruses have a(n) (3) _______________________, which surrounds the capsid and helps the virus enter cells. Viruses th ...
Exposure Control Protocol Exposure Risk Assessment Form Name:
... Name: __________________________________________ A. Risk of HIV Infection of Source/Individual: All source(s)/ individual(s) will be categorized as high risk at time of blood/body fluid exposure event. ...
... Name: __________________________________________ A. Risk of HIV Infection of Source/Individual: All source(s)/ individual(s) will be categorized as high risk at time of blood/body fluid exposure event. ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Chapter 19: Viruses OVERVIEW OF
... Interferons are chemicals in the body that are activated when cells are attacked Cell under seige produces interferon which binds to neighboring cells’ cell membranes to warn them of the dangerous pathogen Antibiotics are powerless against viruses! Antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes o ...
... Interferons are chemicals in the body that are activated when cells are attacked Cell under seige produces interferon which binds to neighboring cells’ cell membranes to warn them of the dangerous pathogen Antibiotics are powerless against viruses! Antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes o ...
Can you guess the structure?
... 36. The limited number of hosts a virus can infect is known as this 37.List the four stages in viral replication 38. What are the three main groups of Archaebacteria 39.These bacteria respire in the presence of oxygen. 40.These bacteria obtain their nutrients from dead, decaying matter. ...
... 36. The limited number of hosts a virus can infect is known as this 37.List the four stages in viral replication 38. What are the three main groups of Archaebacteria 39.These bacteria respire in the presence of oxygen. 40.These bacteria obtain their nutrients from dead, decaying matter. ...
pub3191TomatoSpottedWiltHIGHRES / 3.18MB
... Tomato spotted wilt is a major viral disease of tomato, pepper, tobacco, several field crops and a variety of ornamental hosts in the southeastern United States. This disease is generally a problem only on spring crops, and the incidence of the disease varies from year to year based in part on weath ...
... Tomato spotted wilt is a major viral disease of tomato, pepper, tobacco, several field crops and a variety of ornamental hosts in the southeastern United States. This disease is generally a problem only on spring crops, and the incidence of the disease varies from year to year based in part on weath ...
05-02 Bloodborne Pathogens
... secretions; and cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and amniotic fluids; bloody body fluids and unfixed tissue). Ideally within two hours after exposures, but may be initiated up to 96 hours after exposure. With appropriate drug therapy. Until the source-patient blood has been ...
... secretions; and cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and amniotic fluids; bloody body fluids and unfixed tissue). Ideally within two hours after exposures, but may be initiated up to 96 hours after exposure. With appropriate drug therapy. Until the source-patient blood has been ...
The Hot Zone PowerPoint File
... Locate Kenya Locate the Nzoia River Locate Mount Elgon Locate the Rift Valley. ...
... Locate Kenya Locate the Nzoia River Locate Mount Elgon Locate the Rift Valley. ...
Hematologic Infections
... and fever. Inoculation of the virus has clasically been blamed on intimate contact involving transfer of saliva, typically, as one author put it, "in kissing of greater than filial intensity." However, it has become clear that the virus can spread among non-intimate household members (e.g., dorm roo ...
... and fever. Inoculation of the virus has clasically been blamed on intimate contact involving transfer of saliva, typically, as one author put it, "in kissing of greater than filial intensity." However, it has become clear that the virus can spread among non-intimate household members (e.g., dorm roo ...
Non-hepatotropic Viruses
... onset of symptoms, HAV is detectable in 45% and 11% of fecal specimens collected during the first and second weeks of illness, respectively, whereas HAV RNA (by PCR assay) is detectable for 4 to 5 months. ...
... onset of symptoms, HAV is detectable in 45% and 11% of fecal specimens collected during the first and second weeks of illness, respectively, whereas HAV RNA (by PCR assay) is detectable for 4 to 5 months. ...
Parvovirus - Genesis Midwives
... to heat (i.e. bathing) or sunlight. It may come and go for weeks or even months. In adults (especially women), the illness may be more severe and include joint pains affecting the hands, wrists, ankles and knees which can last for months. Adults often do not have the rash at all. Between 20-25 per c ...
... to heat (i.e. bathing) or sunlight. It may come and go for weeks or even months. In adults (especially women), the illness may be more severe and include joint pains affecting the hands, wrists, ankles and knees which can last for months. Adults often do not have the rash at all. Between 20-25 per c ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.