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MUSC Student Pre-Matriculation Requirements
MUSC Student Pre-Matriculation Requirements

... coursework. Unvaccinated students should initiate the hepatitis B vaccine series prior to or during their first semester at MUSC. Previously immunized students must provide proof of the primary hepatitis B series (3 vaccines) AND a Quantitative Hepatitis B surface Antibody titer (preferably drawn 4- ...
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

... Employees who have occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens are covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, the North Carolina Administrative Code, and this policy. “Occupational exposure” includes any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, muco ...
Basic Disease Investigation in Colorado
Basic Disease Investigation in Colorado

... causing you feel so bad? Well, it's likely that your symptoms were due to one of many different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi or other microbes that live in our environment. In this chapter, you will learn about the different characteristics of disease causing agents. Another term for ...
Vaccine Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly
Vaccine Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly

... • No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. Flu vaccines that are administered with a needle are currently made in two ways: the vaccine is made either with a) flu vaccine viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ and are therefore not infectious, or b) with no flu vaccine viruses at all (which is the ...
Antimicrobial Durations of Therapy Reference Table 2015
Antimicrobial Durations of Therapy Reference Table 2015

... 9. Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, Rice JC, Schaeffer A, Hooton TM. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:643-654. 10. Gupta K, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treat ...
Common Childhood Diseases
Common Childhood Diseases

Common Childhood Diseases (Word)
Common Childhood Diseases (Word)

... transfusions. The disease is not seasonal and the shedding of the virus can occur for many months after infection. The incubation period is estimated to be 4 to 6 weeks, but the time an individual is contagious is unknown. Diagnosis - The diagnosis of this illness is based on symptoms and laboratory ...
guidelines for handling body fluids in schools
guidelines for handling body fluids in schools

... "body fluids" includes: blood, semen, drainage from scrapes and cuts, feces, urine, vomitus, respiratory secretions (e.g. nasal discharge) and saliva. Contact with body fluids presents a risk of infection with a variety of germs. In general, however, the risk is very low and dependent on a variety o ...
Canine Distemper Virus
Canine Distemper Virus

... footpads and neurologic signs later in infection. If inadequate immunity is present, acute multisystemic illness usually develops about two weeks after initial exposure. Initial signs include a mild conjunctivitis with clear to mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge. Lethargy, fever, and decreased ...
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The Rise of AIDS in Women

... respecter of no one… • 20th Century AIDS is no longer being seen as a disease that effect only the gay community. • There are high risk social behaviors that are being addressed and associated in the spread of this deadly disease. Meet Chris, She became a statistic in 2004 ...
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

... "blood to blood" contact. Hepatitis B initially causes inflammation of the liver, but it can lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is no "cure" or specific treatment for HBV, but many people who contract the disease will develop antibodies, which help them get ove ...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a

... main victims to this disease. The course of the disease can be divided into four phases- incubation, prehemorrhagic, hemorrhagic and convalescence [3]. The incubation period depends on the mode of infection. Infections acquired via tick bites usually become apparent after 1-3 days [4]. Exposure to b ...
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... measles polio ...
Innate and Adaptive Immune Pathways Regulating Allergic Lung
Innate and Adaptive Immune Pathways Regulating Allergic Lung

... 1. A ubiquitous household fungus (A. niger) accounts for much of the detectable household proteinase activity in ...
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... first sampling, and stallions must have their shedding status investigated. Serosurveillance is used on stallions vaccinated using Artervac, the only killed virus vaccine for equine arteritis virus (EAV) available in Europe. This testing shows that achievement and maintenance of the immunity require ...
VACCINIA VIRUS and VACCINIA VIRAL VECTORS
VACCINIA VIRUS and VACCINIA VIRAL VECTORS

West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products
West Nile virus - Home Health Monitoring Products

... Transplant patients who are being medicated against graft rejection are particularly susceptible. HIV-infected individuals are also susceptible. Whilst HHV-6 usually causes a benign, self-limiting disease in children, there are a number of cases that progress to serious life-threatening states of th ...
NYS Approved Infection Control Course Rochelle Mozlin, OD, MPH
NYS Approved Infection Control Course Rochelle Mozlin, OD, MPH

... • Have foot, knee or elbow pedals when possible. • Wash after patient contact, even if gloves were worn. • Use waterless alcohol-based hand rubs when water is not available. ...
Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

... 12th August 2014 more than 1848 suspected cases with 1176 lab confirmed alongwith 1013 deaths (CFR 86%) have been reported.[7,9] The virus may be acquired upon contact with blood or body fluids of an infected animal (monkeys or fruit bats).[1] Spread through the air has not been documented.[10] Frui ...
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

... Upper Respiratory Tract Infection The upper respiratory tract includes the sinuses, nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx. These structures direct the air we breathe from the outside to the trachea and eventually to the lungs for respiration to take place. An upper respiratory tract infection, or uppe ...
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens

... Employees who have occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens are covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, the North Carolina Administrative Code, and this policy. "Occupational exposure" includes any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, muco ...
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): A review emphasizing on Iran perspective
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): A review emphasizing on Iran perspective

... The clinical offering of a BVDV infection is based on viral strain and the animal’s immune and reproductive position at the time of infection (Givens et al., 2012; Rodninga et al., 2012). Acute infections of cattle happen especially in young animals, and may be clinically in apparent or linked with ...
BuG BReAKfASt* IN tHe BULLETIN CHlAMYDIA, GoNoRRHoeA
BuG BReAKfASt* IN tHe BULLETIN CHlAMYDIA, GoNoRRHoeA

... (STIs) are important, not only because of their burden of disease and long-term complications, but also because they increase the risk of HIV transmission.2 This Bug Breakfast provided an overview of these infections and outlined the NSW Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy for ...
Ebola period 9-10
Ebola period 9-10

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Hepatitis B



Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.
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