Bovine Respiratory Disease
... Some of the viral agents produce only mild clinical signs by themselves, but they may cause severe signs and death when combined with other viral or bacterial agents and stress. Many normal cattle carry one or more of the bacterial and viral agents in their upper respiratory system with no ill effec ...
... Some of the viral agents produce only mild clinical signs by themselves, but they may cause severe signs and death when combined with other viral or bacterial agents and stress. Many normal cattle carry one or more of the bacterial and viral agents in their upper respiratory system with no ill effec ...
How was bovine tuberculosis detected in Kentucky
... How is bovine TB transmitted? Bovine TB is spread primarily through the exchange of respiratory secretions between infected and uninfected animals. This transmission usually happens when animals are in close contact with each other. Over 95% of bovine TB cases are the result of direct contact with i ...
... How is bovine TB transmitted? Bovine TB is spread primarily through the exchange of respiratory secretions between infected and uninfected animals. This transmission usually happens when animals are in close contact with each other. Over 95% of bovine TB cases are the result of direct contact with i ...
Infection and Disease II
... How they get in Tissue specificity (of the pathogen) is a serious barrier to the entry of most microorganisms (more on this later) ...
... How they get in Tissue specificity (of the pathogen) is a serious barrier to the entry of most microorganisms (more on this later) ...
Our Body`s Defense
... multiply when they encounter a pathogen • Killer cells-stop the spread of disease • Helper cells-aide in the activation of B-cells and Killer T-cells and control the body’s immune system ...
... multiply when they encounter a pathogen • Killer cells-stop the spread of disease • Helper cells-aide in the activation of B-cells and Killer T-cells and control the body’s immune system ...
Emerging viruses (Current Opinion in Virology)
... vectors of emerging viruses’ Mackenzie and Jeggo provide a comprehensive review of the role of different host species and vectors as drivers of infectious disease emergence. Their discussion of programs focused on proactively identifying potential risks to human health dovetails with Holmes’ contrib ...
... vectors of emerging viruses’ Mackenzie and Jeggo provide a comprehensive review of the role of different host species and vectors as drivers of infectious disease emergence. Their discussion of programs focused on proactively identifying potential risks to human health dovetails with Holmes’ contrib ...
Newsletter
... center in Irvine, California was selected as the most favorable test site (Figure 2). The plants were close to ten years old and were growing in an area where the insects and disease were first noticed in Orange County. They were planted in four hedgerows each containing 12 plants. This group of 48 ...
... center in Irvine, California was selected as the most favorable test site (Figure 2). The plants were close to ten years old and were growing in an area where the insects and disease were first noticed in Orange County. They were planted in four hedgerows each containing 12 plants. This group of 48 ...
Foot and Mouth Disease United Kingdom 2001
... used as serotype-specific serological tests. • VN tests depend on tissue cultures and are more prone to variability than ELISA; they are also slower and subject to contamination. • ELISAs for antibodies have the advantage of being faster and are not dependent on cell cultures. ...
... used as serotype-specific serological tests. • VN tests depend on tissue cultures and are more prone to variability than ELISA; they are also slower and subject to contamination. • ELISAs for antibodies have the advantage of being faster and are not dependent on cell cultures. ...
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
... anchor. It is present on a variety of cells but also circulates in plasma and has a molecular weight of about 33-35 kDa. PrPTSE has a more restricted tissue range than does PrPC. PrPTSE forms aggregates that precipitate as diffuse accumulations or as amyloid plaques in the central nervous system; th ...
... anchor. It is present on a variety of cells but also circulates in plasma and has a molecular weight of about 33-35 kDa. PrPTSE has a more restricted tissue range than does PrPC. PrPTSE forms aggregates that precipitate as diffuse accumulations or as amyloid plaques in the central nervous system; th ...
Kawasaki Disease
... The differential diagnosis of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) resistant KD includes polyarteritis nodosa, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ...
... The differential diagnosis of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) resistant KD includes polyarteritis nodosa, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ...
Tuberculosis
... ** following primary infection many persons remain asymp. ** Organisms remain latent within macrophages indefinitely ** Tuberculosis skin test (T-PPD) - very important to discover these persons ** If no preventive therapy given, 1:10 persons with MTB infection will develop clinical disease at some t ...
... ** following primary infection many persons remain asymp. ** Organisms remain latent within macrophages indefinitely ** Tuberculosis skin test (T-PPD) - very important to discover these persons ** If no preventive therapy given, 1:10 persons with MTB infection will develop clinical disease at some t ...
Biosecurity in the Suckler Herd
... between groups of animals within the same herd. Biosecurity is the cheapest and most effective method of disease control. To protect the health of your herd it is important to draw up a biosecurity plan with the help of your vet. The risks associated with particular diseases entering a herd will var ...
... between groups of animals within the same herd. Biosecurity is the cheapest and most effective method of disease control. To protect the health of your herd it is important to draw up a biosecurity plan with the help of your vet. The risks associated with particular diseases entering a herd will var ...
Immunodeficiency Diseases
... a. An immunodeficiency disease is one in which a person has a weakened immune response. b. In one type of immunodeficiency disease, the immune system fails to develop normally. c. A second type of immunodeficiency disease is AIDS. ...
... a. An immunodeficiency disease is one in which a person has a weakened immune response. b. In one type of immunodeficiency disease, the immune system fails to develop normally. c. A second type of immunodeficiency disease is AIDS. ...
Lepto - Alpine Animal Hospital
... have a rapid onset of signs following infection (peracute infection) will have fever, depression, weakness, vomiting, and muscle pain. The skin may have a jaundiced (yellow) tint and the mucous membranes (gums) will be pale. The pulse and respiration rates may be increased and shock will develop. If ...
... have a rapid onset of signs following infection (peracute infection) will have fever, depression, weakness, vomiting, and muscle pain. The skin may have a jaundiced (yellow) tint and the mucous membranes (gums) will be pale. The pulse and respiration rates may be increased and shock will develop. If ...
The Immune System in Health & Disease
... Host Defence The body is under constant : Host Defence attack by pathigenic microorganisms in the environment. Obviously protecting the host from infection is the main job for the immune system Pathogen : an infectious agent that causes disease Infection or disease occurs when a microorganism ...
... Host Defence The body is under constant : Host Defence attack by pathigenic microorganisms in the environment. Obviously protecting the host from infection is the main job for the immune system Pathogen : an infectious agent that causes disease Infection or disease occurs when a microorganism ...
FAO`s support to countries facing climate change effects on animal
... spread and adaptation of certain fly and mosquito populations to thrive beyond their existing geographical range spreading diseases such as bluetongue virus, West Nile virus and malaria in hitherto non-infected places. There is also information that shows increased incidence of several vector-borne ...
... spread and adaptation of certain fly and mosquito populations to thrive beyond their existing geographical range spreading diseases such as bluetongue virus, West Nile virus and malaria in hitherto non-infected places. There is also information that shows increased incidence of several vector-borne ...
Lyme Borreliosis - ECDC
... macrolides for disseminated infections). Early treatment can prevent the risk of developing late-stage complications. Patients with late-stage LB can also benefit from antibiotics but if severe tissue damage occurs prior to treatment, complete recovery may not be possible. ...
... macrolides for disseminated infections). Early treatment can prevent the risk of developing late-stage complications. Patients with late-stage LB can also benefit from antibiotics but if severe tissue damage occurs prior to treatment, complete recovery may not be possible. ...
- types of mycoses
... parts of the world including north and south america. it is found in the soil and growth is enhanced by the presence of bird and bat excreta. environments containing such material are often implicated as sources of human infection. the lungs are the main site of infection but dissemination to the li ...
... parts of the world including north and south america. it is found in the soil and growth is enhanced by the presence of bird and bat excreta. environments containing such material are often implicated as sources of human infection. the lungs are the main site of infection but dissemination to the li ...
(34.6 Æ 0.2 P 0.05), CD8 (22.6 Æ 0.4 P 0.05), CD4/CD8 (1.62 Æ
... Absolute leukocyte count increased significantly at the first week of CS treatment (P = 0.008), peaked at the second week (P = 0.005) and stayed high compared to the pre-treatment count during the 3 months of treatment. Both amount (P = 0.025) and function of neutrophils increased at the first week. ...
... Absolute leukocyte count increased significantly at the first week of CS treatment (P = 0.008), peaked at the second week (P = 0.005) and stayed high compared to the pre-treatment count during the 3 months of treatment. Both amount (P = 0.025) and function of neutrophils increased at the first week. ...
on intestinal worms. - Belle Plaine Animal Hospital
... dirt/feces or intermediate hosts such as mice. This parasite is especially common in young and stressed animals. It causes bloody, watery diarrhea and sometimes death, especially in young animals. There are no products to kill the organism. Treatment is aimed at stopping reproduction of the organism ...
... dirt/feces or intermediate hosts such as mice. This parasite is especially common in young and stressed animals. It causes bloody, watery diarrhea and sometimes death, especially in young animals. There are no products to kill the organism. Treatment is aimed at stopping reproduction of the organism ...
Guns Bambi Disad
... 2008, her hair started falling out; the rest went grey "pretty much overnight". This was among the lesser effects of a mystery illness that had nearly killed her during January that year, just after she'd returned from Uganda. Her story paralleled the one Jaap Taal had told me about Astrid, with sev ...
... 2008, her hair started falling out; the rest went grey "pretty much overnight". This was among the lesser effects of a mystery illness that had nearly killed her during January that year, just after she'd returned from Uganda. Her story paralleled the one Jaap Taal had told me about Astrid, with sev ...
Livestock diseases following floods
... wounds or being ingested. This disease may not occur immediately and it may be some time before symptoms of the disease show. Erosion and movement from floods provide favourable survival conditions for blackleg spores. Common signs include fever, severe depression, gassy swelling under the skin or i ...
... wounds or being ingested. This disease may not occur immediately and it may be some time before symptoms of the disease show. Erosion and movement from floods provide favourable survival conditions for blackleg spores. Common signs include fever, severe depression, gassy swelling under the skin or i ...
No Slide Title
... hay may very well allow escape from heaves. Overpopulations of horses that turn pastures to dust are to be avoided of course. Reduce dust. The proper care of buildings and reasonable sanitation end the story. A sprinkler truck for the race track is a nice touch. ...
... hay may very well allow escape from heaves. Overpopulations of horses that turn pastures to dust are to be avoided of course. Reduce dust. The proper care of buildings and reasonable sanitation end the story. A sprinkler truck for the race track is a nice touch. ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.