phenomenological study of backward bifurcation in epidemiological
... σ, and is defined as the average number of adequate contacts of a typical infective during the infectious period [1]. Though many models are silent about this parameter, we use it in our model. The contact number σ remains constant as the infection spreads, so it is always equal to the basic reprodu ...
... σ, and is defined as the average number of adequate contacts of a typical infective during the infectious period [1]. Though many models are silent about this parameter, we use it in our model. The contact number σ remains constant as the infection spreads, so it is always equal to the basic reprodu ...
Implications of the Diphtheria Epidemic in the Former Soviet Union
... a booster dose of Td vaccine administered 20 years after primary immunization [33]. In 1989–1990, on the basis of serosurveys indicating low antibody levels in persons 140 years of age [29], Finland initiated a mass vaccination campaign targeted at adults. The strategy of spaced boosters has not bee ...
... a booster dose of Td vaccine administered 20 years after primary immunization [33]. In 1989–1990, on the basis of serosurveys indicating low antibody levels in persons 140 years of age [29], Finland initiated a mass vaccination campaign targeted at adults. The strategy of spaced boosters has not bee ...
Disease in History - Smallpox history and its control in India
... Historical records from Asia describe evidence of smallpox-like disease in medical writings from ancient China (1122 B.C.) and India (as early as 1500 B.C.) The earliest credible clinical evidence of smallpox is found in the Egyptian mummies of persons who died some 3000 years ago. It has been specu ...
... Historical records from Asia describe evidence of smallpox-like disease in medical writings from ancient China (1122 B.C.) and India (as early as 1500 B.C.) The earliest credible clinical evidence of smallpox is found in the Egyptian mummies of persons who died some 3000 years ago. It has been specu ...
Immunization Communication Tools for Immunizers
... Many successful vaccination programs have been introduced without knowing how long the vaccine protection will last (e.g. hepatitis B vaccine program in grade 6) Researchers predict this because the HPV vaccine causes an immune response similar to that seen with other vaccines We know from the vacci ...
... Many successful vaccination programs have been introduced without knowing how long the vaccine protection will last (e.g. hepatitis B vaccine program in grade 6) Researchers predict this because the HPV vaccine causes an immune response similar to that seen with other vaccines We know from the vacci ...
Generic Plan of Action – Final Draft
... Any wild poliovirus isolation will lead to an immediate investigation, coordinated by the EpiNet Team to commence within 24 hours and expert risk assessment to identify the scope of the response based on such factors as the known extent of transmission, surveillance quality, major transit routes, in ...
... Any wild poliovirus isolation will lead to an immediate investigation, coordinated by the EpiNet Team to commence within 24 hours and expert risk assessment to identify the scope of the response based on such factors as the known extent of transmission, surveillance quality, major transit routes, in ...
this PDF file
... Bubonic plague is a zoonotic disease circulating mainly among small rodents and their fleas, [1] and is one of the three types of infections caused by Yersinia pestis (formerly known as Pasteurella pestis) which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Without treatment, the bubonic plague kills up ...
... Bubonic plague is a zoonotic disease circulating mainly among small rodents and their fleas, [1] and is one of the three types of infections caused by Yersinia pestis (formerly known as Pasteurella pestis) which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Without treatment, the bubonic plague kills up ...
Measles - NSW Health
... Measles is usually spread when a person breathes in the measles virus that has been coughed or sneezed into the air by an infectious person. Measles is one of the most easily spread of all human infections. Just being in the same room as someone with measles can result in infection. ...
... Measles is usually spread when a person breathes in the measles virus that has been coughed or sneezed into the air by an infectious person. Measles is one of the most easily spread of all human infections. Just being in the same room as someone with measles can result in infection. ...
Human infections with Fusobacterium necrophorum
... of animal origin causing severe or life threatening infections in cattle, sheep and wallabies. Biovar B is the main human pathogen [17,18]. The biovars can be distinguished by chick erythrocyte agglutination and virulence testing in the mouse model. These tests are both positive for biovar B and neg ...
... of animal origin causing severe or life threatening infections in cattle, sheep and wallabies. Biovar B is the main human pathogen [17,18]. The biovars can be distinguished by chick erythrocyte agglutination and virulence testing in the mouse model. These tests are both positive for biovar B and neg ...
Johne`s Disease - Animal Health Ireland
... 2. How long does it take for MAP infection to cause clinical disease? An animal with a new infection will not show signs of disease and will appear to be healthy (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). The time required before an infected animal will show signs of disease is very variable, but usually it tak ...
... 2. How long does it take for MAP infection to cause clinical disease? An animal with a new infection will not show signs of disease and will appear to be healthy (Whitlock and Buergelt, 1996). The time required before an infected animal will show signs of disease is very variable, but usually it tak ...
Rotavirus vaccines for Australian children
... Children can be infected with rotavirus several times during their lives. The spectrum of illness ranges from mild, watery diarrhoea of limited duration to severe dehydrating diarrhoea with vomiting and fever, which can result in death. The clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis are non-spec ...
... Children can be infected with rotavirus several times during their lives. The spectrum of illness ranges from mild, watery diarrhoea of limited duration to severe dehydrating diarrhoea with vomiting and fever, which can result in death. The clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis are non-spec ...
MEASLES FACTSHEET FOR SCHOOLS What
... Measles is most infectious before the rash appears and only trivial contact may be sufficient for the virus to spread. What is measles like? Symptoms develop 9-11 days after becoming infected and last up to 14 days from the first signs to the end of the rash. The first stage of measles includes irri ...
... Measles is most infectious before the rash appears and only trivial contact may be sufficient for the virus to spread. What is measles like? Symptoms develop 9-11 days after becoming infected and last up to 14 days from the first signs to the end of the rash. The first stage of measles includes irri ...
Influenza
... with materials recently contaminated by respiratory secretions. It is highly infectious,,especially in close contact environments such as homes for the elderly. It is contagious from 1- 2 days before to 4-5 days after symptom onset. Shedding can be more prolonged in young children and in the immunoc ...
... with materials recently contaminated by respiratory secretions. It is highly infectious,,especially in close contact environments such as homes for the elderly. It is contagious from 1- 2 days before to 4-5 days after symptom onset. Shedding can be more prolonged in young children and in the immunoc ...
Risk assessment guidelines for diseases transmitted on
... tuberculosis (TB) transmission during air travel; additionally, there was insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of contact tracing [1]. Three studies identified in the review [2–4] presented evidence of tuberculin skin conversion among contacts; however, one was associated with transmission [3] ...
... tuberculosis (TB) transmission during air travel; additionally, there was insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of contact tracing [1]. Three studies identified in the review [2–4] presented evidence of tuberculin skin conversion among contacts; however, one was associated with transmission [3] ...
Recommendations for Using Smallpox Vaccine in a Pre-Event Vaccination Program
... Optimal infection-control practices and appropriate site care should prevent transmission of vaccinia virus from vaccinated health-care workers to patients. Health-care personnel providing direct patient care should keep their vaccination sites covered with gauze in combination with a semipermeable ...
... Optimal infection-control practices and appropriate site care should prevent transmission of vaccinia virus from vaccinated health-care workers to patients. Health-care personnel providing direct patient care should keep their vaccination sites covered with gauze in combination with a semipermeable ...
Curriculum Vitae - University of Maryland School of Medicine
... Role: Oversaw microbiology and molecular biology studies to develop a microwave accelerated metal-enhanced flurorescence-based assay to detect Salmonella in blood, stool and feces in collaboration with Professor ...
... Role: Oversaw microbiology and molecular biology studies to develop a microwave accelerated metal-enhanced flurorescence-based assay to detect Salmonella in blood, stool and feces in collaboration with Professor ...
MMWR - American Hospital Association
... Optimal infection-control practices and appropriate site care should prevent transmission of vaccinia virus from vaccinated health-care workers to patients. Health-care personnel providing direct patient care should keep their vaccination sites covered with gauze in combination with a semipermeable ...
... Optimal infection-control practices and appropriate site care should prevent transmission of vaccinia virus from vaccinated health-care workers to patients. Health-care personnel providing direct patient care should keep their vaccination sites covered with gauze in combination with a semipermeable ...
Hepatitis B vaccines for Australians - fact sheet
... A single birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine, using the monovalent paediatric formulation, is recommended for all newborn infants in Australia. The birth dose should be given as soon as the baby is medically stable, and preferably within 24 hours of birth, but may be administered within the first 7 da ...
... A single birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine, using the monovalent paediatric formulation, is recommended for all newborn infants in Australia. The birth dose should be given as soon as the baby is medically stable, and preferably within 24 hours of birth, but may be administered within the first 7 da ...
recombivax hb - Vaccines ProCon.org
... exposure and the onset of clinical symptoms. The prognosis following infection with hepatitis B virus is variable and dependent on at least three factors: (1) Age — Infants and younger children usually experience milder initial disease than older persons;1 (2) Dose of virus — The higher the dose, th ...
... exposure and the onset of clinical symptoms. The prognosis following infection with hepatitis B virus is variable and dependent on at least three factors: (1) Age — Infants and younger children usually experience milder initial disease than older persons;1 (2) Dose of virus — The higher the dose, th ...
Slides from JHU
... • Rotavirus cannot be treated with antibiotics or other drugs • Prompt treatment with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) can be effective in treating mild infections ...
... • Rotavirus cannot be treated with antibiotics or other drugs • Prompt treatment with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) can be effective in treating mild infections ...
smallpox
... disease (ordinary, flat type, and hemorrhagic), whereas variola minor strains cause a less severe form of smallpox. Vaccination with vaccinia virus, another member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, protects humans against smallpox because of the high antibody cross-neutralization between orthopoxviruses.1 ...
... disease (ordinary, flat type, and hemorrhagic), whereas variola minor strains cause a less severe form of smallpox. Vaccination with vaccinia virus, another member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, protects humans against smallpox because of the high antibody cross-neutralization between orthopoxviruses.1 ...
Hochberg et al 2007
... approach to ascertain symptomatic cases of EM and A. cantonensis infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically determine incidence rates of EM and A. cantonensis infection for the entire state of Hawaii or any angiostrongyliasis-endemic area. We determined that the incidence ...
... approach to ascertain symptomatic cases of EM and A. cantonensis infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically determine incidence rates of EM and A. cantonensis infection for the entire state of Hawaii or any angiostrongyliasis-endemic area. We determined that the incidence ...
Feline calicivirus infection - Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
... are systemic - but the disease caused by other FCV strains is usually local. The incubation period in natural cases of VS-FCV infection in cats exposed in hospitals is usually 1-5 days; in the home environment it may extent up to 12 days (Hurley and Sykes, 2003). The disease appears to be more sever ...
... are systemic - but the disease caused by other FCV strains is usually local. The incubation period in natural cases of VS-FCV infection in cats exposed in hospitals is usually 1-5 days; in the home environment it may extent up to 12 days (Hurley and Sykes, 2003). The disease appears to be more sever ...
Francisella tularensis CDC - Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
... F. tularensis is a tiny, pleomorphic, gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacillus (0.2-0.5 µm X 0.7-1.0 µm). It is a fastidious organism and usually requires cysteine supplementation for good growth on general laboratory media. F. tularensis is non-motile and has a thin capsule consisting ...
... F. tularensis is a tiny, pleomorphic, gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacillus (0.2-0.5 µm X 0.7-1.0 µm). It is a fastidious organism and usually requires cysteine supplementation for good growth on general laboratory media. F. tularensis is non-motile and has a thin capsule consisting ...
West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection - Health Protection Surveillance
... history but having a high index of suspicion of those with a history of recent travel to North America and to request diagnostic testing accordingly. Non-mosquitoborne WNV Transmission In addition to mosquitoborne spread of WNV, a number of other routes of transmission have been identified. In 2002, ...
... history but having a high index of suspicion of those with a history of recent travel to North America and to request diagnostic testing accordingly. Non-mosquitoborne WNV Transmission In addition to mosquitoborne spread of WNV, a number of other routes of transmission have been identified. In 2002, ...
Meningococcal disease
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). It carries a high mortality rate if untreated but is a vaccine-preventable disease. While best known as a cause of meningitis, widespread blood infection can result in sepsis, which is a more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and disability in both developed and under-developed countries.There are approximately 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis per year in the United States, and on average 333,000 cases in developing countries. The case fatality rate ranges between 10 and 20 percent. The incidence of endemic meningococcal disease during the last 13 years ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 in developed countries, and from 10 to 25 per 100,000 in developing countries. During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000. Meningococcal vaccines have sharply reduced the incidence of the disease in developed countries.The disease's pathogenesis is not fully understood. The pathogen colonises a large number of the general population harmlessly, but in some very small percentage of individuals it can invade the blood stream, and the entire body but notably limbs and brain, causing serious illness. Over the past few years, experts have made an intensive effort to understand specific aspects of meningococcal biology and host interactions, however the development of improved treatments and effective vaccines is expected to depend on novel efforts by workers in many different fields.While meningococcal disease is not as contagious as the common cold (which is spread through casual contact), it can be transmitted through saliva and occasionally through close, prolonged general contact with an infected person.