Introduction to Microbiology
... • Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen used boiling of water, to sanitize drinking water and instruments used in surgery. ...
... • Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Galen used boiling of water, to sanitize drinking water and instruments used in surgery. ...
Modeling potential vs. actual distribution of sudden oak death (SOD
... distribution quantifies the current range at unsampled locations. These models provide effective management tools to prioritize locations for early detection and eradication of disease outbreaks, and illustrate how iSDM can be used to analyze the actual vs. potential distribution of emerging infecti ...
... distribution quantifies the current range at unsampled locations. These models provide effective management tools to prioritize locations for early detection and eradication of disease outbreaks, and illustrate how iSDM can be used to analyze the actual vs. potential distribution of emerging infecti ...
Information about Meningococcal Disease and
... Meningococcal disease is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children 2-18 years of age in the United States. Meningococcal bacteria can cause meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) or sepsis (an infection of the bloodstream). Symptoms of meningitis include sti ...
... Meningococcal disease is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children 2-18 years of age in the United States. Meningococcal bacteria can cause meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) or sepsis (an infection of the bloodstream). Symptoms of meningitis include sti ...
Giardia lamblia
... – example: schistosomiasis: the free-living larvae released from aquatic snails (the intermediate host) invade the skin. • Exposure to water habitat "insect vector" diseases – Insect vectors breed in or near water • examples: malaria (parasite) and yellow fever (virus) transmitted by mosquitoes ...
... – example: schistosomiasis: the free-living larvae released from aquatic snails (the intermediate host) invade the skin. • Exposure to water habitat "insect vector" diseases – Insect vectors breed in or near water • examples: malaria (parasite) and yellow fever (virus) transmitted by mosquitoes ...
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... serious, and the organisms are especially adapted to water environments. Others, such as infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis, typhoid, cholera, gastro-enteritis, etc., are common diseases and are found especially in contaminated water. Diving in contaminated water needs special clothing and protecti ...
... serious, and the organisms are especially adapted to water environments. Others, such as infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis, typhoid, cholera, gastro-enteritis, etc., are common diseases and are found especially in contaminated water. Diving in contaminated water needs special clothing and protecti ...
เҒሳᇹݭ Ңͩঽ Xanthomatous Fox
... the result of chronic inflammation of the follicular epithelium, leading to a release of cytoplasmic lipids which are then phagocytosed by histiocytes. According to this view, the pathology may vary depending on the degree of inflammation, resolution, or chronicity of the lesions. Although the patho ...
... the result of chronic inflammation of the follicular epithelium, leading to a release of cytoplasmic lipids which are then phagocytosed by histiocytes. According to this view, the pathology may vary depending on the degree of inflammation, resolution, or chronicity of the lesions. Although the patho ...
Biosecurity for Sheep and Goat Producers
... Vaccinations provide the body with a way to make antibodies to combat disease without contracting the disease, so that if the animal is exposed to the disease later, its body can produce more of these antibodies to combat the disease. Vaccines are made from killed pathogens or modified living organi ...
... Vaccinations provide the body with a way to make antibodies to combat disease without contracting the disease, so that if the animal is exposed to the disease later, its body can produce more of these antibodies to combat the disease. Vaccines are made from killed pathogens or modified living organi ...
West Nile Virus
... • Anthrax in animals: – Anthrax in animals most commonly occurs following ingestion of (eating) the organism, but can also occur by breathing in the organisms or through a wound. – Herbivores (animals that only eat plants) are the most susceptible to disease, while carnivores (animals that eat prima ...
... • Anthrax in animals: – Anthrax in animals most commonly occurs following ingestion of (eating) the organism, but can also occur by breathing in the organisms or through a wound. – Herbivores (animals that only eat plants) are the most susceptible to disease, while carnivores (animals that eat prima ...
Disease challenges facing the livestock industry in - IFAH
... Reservoir hosts: midges (virus survives the dry periods in eggs, cumulation in wet season) Transmission: contact, blood, meat, midges (Aedes, Culex) Symptoms: – ruminants: fever, diarrhoea, jaundice, abortion (!) – human: flu-like symptoms, haemorrhagic syndrome Lesions: congested liver wit necrosis ...
... Reservoir hosts: midges (virus survives the dry periods in eggs, cumulation in wet season) Transmission: contact, blood, meat, midges (Aedes, Culex) Symptoms: – ruminants: fever, diarrhoea, jaundice, abortion (!) – human: flu-like symptoms, haemorrhagic syndrome Lesions: congested liver wit necrosis ...
DEFINITION OF FEVER
... PATTERN OF FEVER Sustained (Continuous) Fever Intermittent Fever (Hectic Fever) Remittent Fever Relapsing Fever: ...
... PATTERN OF FEVER Sustained (Continuous) Fever Intermittent Fever (Hectic Fever) Remittent Fever Relapsing Fever: ...
MERS-COV and other viruses transmitted through
... including the Middle East, have shown that coronavirus RNA sequences are found frequently in bat fecal samples and that some of these sequences . In a study from Saudi Arabia, 823 fecal and rectal swab samples were collected from bats, and, using a PCR assay, many coronavirus sequences were found ar ...
... including the Middle East, have shown that coronavirus RNA sequences are found frequently in bat fecal samples and that some of these sequences . In a study from Saudi Arabia, 823 fecal and rectal swab samples were collected from bats, and, using a PCR assay, many coronavirus sequences were found ar ...
How to Make a Report BROCHURE V10 MO Approved UPDATED
... Effective January 1, 2013, the Reporting of Hazards and Findings Regulation under the Animal Health Act, 2009 requires that third party animal health laboratories and veterinarians in Ontario report findings of certain hazards to OMAFRA. Veterinarians are required to submit immediately notifiable re ...
... Effective January 1, 2013, the Reporting of Hazards and Findings Regulation under the Animal Health Act, 2009 requires that third party animal health laboratories and veterinarians in Ontario report findings of certain hazards to OMAFRA. Veterinarians are required to submit immediately notifiable re ...
Infection Control
... Reservoir (place to live) i.e. human body. Portal of exit (the way the pathogen escapes) i.e. urine, feces, secretions Mode of transmission (transmitted to a reservoir or a host) - Direct or Indirect ...
... Reservoir (place to live) i.e. human body. Portal of exit (the way the pathogen escapes) i.e. urine, feces, secretions Mode of transmission (transmitted to a reservoir or a host) - Direct or Indirect ...
Rotavirus Rotavirus
... age although older age groups can also be affected. It is possible to be infected more than once but repeat infections are usually less severe. In the NT, 90% of the known rotavirus cases are in children under the age of five years. Very young children are the ones most at risk of severe disease and ...
... age although older age groups can also be affected. It is possible to be infected more than once but repeat infections are usually less severe. In the NT, 90% of the known rotavirus cases are in children under the age of five years. Very young children are the ones most at risk of severe disease and ...
Employee Illness Sample Policy - Mesa County Health Department
... be spread through food from an infected person. Additionally, children under the age of five years old and those with weakened immune systems are at increased risk for foodborne illness. Food handling activities include preparation of any food (i.e. washing, cutting, cooking, and portioning), the mi ...
... be spread through food from an infected person. Additionally, children under the age of five years old and those with weakened immune systems are at increased risk for foodborne illness. Food handling activities include preparation of any food (i.e. washing, cutting, cooking, and portioning), the mi ...
STI Screening Timetable - The University of Oregon Health Center
... variable and depends on many factors, including the behavior of the infectious agent, how and where the body is infected, and the state of a person’s immune system and personal health. Many STIs don’t have any symptoms. The incubation period times listed in the chart below are averages only. If you ...
... variable and depends on many factors, including the behavior of the infectious agent, how and where the body is infected, and the state of a person’s immune system and personal health. Many STIs don’t have any symptoms. The incubation period times listed in the chart below are averages only. If you ...
Sick Child Guidelines for Home and School
... How Sick is Too Sick? There are three reasons to keep sick children at home: ...
... How Sick is Too Sick? There are three reasons to keep sick children at home: ...
Mouse Parvo
... parvovirus. Three isolates of one serotype have been identified. Transmission: The parvoviruses require rapidly dividing cells (such as GI, skin, and lymphoid organs) to survive. They are shed in urine and feces and may be transmitted via respiratory routes. They are highly contagious and shed virus ...
... parvovirus. Three isolates of one serotype have been identified. Transmission: The parvoviruses require rapidly dividing cells (such as GI, skin, and lymphoid organs) to survive. They are shed in urine and feces and may be transmitted via respiratory routes. They are highly contagious and shed virus ...
cross infection(1) - Fresh Men Dentists
... Defined as plants that lack chlorophyll Includes mushrooms, yeasts and molds Oral Candidiasis is the most common yeast infection of the oral cavity. Candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans Candida is considered an opportunistic infection, in other words, it usually occurs in someone who’s immune s ...
... Defined as plants that lack chlorophyll Includes mushrooms, yeasts and molds Oral Candidiasis is the most common yeast infection of the oral cavity. Candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans Candida is considered an opportunistic infection, in other words, it usually occurs in someone who’s immune s ...
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) Factsheet
... usually caused by a virus but may also be caused by bacteria. Bacterial conjunctivitis is less common in children older than 5 years of age. Allergies, exposure to chemicals, smoke and other irritants, injury, or excessive rubbing of the eye can cause non-infectious conjunctivitis. What are the symp ...
... usually caused by a virus but may also be caused by bacteria. Bacterial conjunctivitis is less common in children older than 5 years of age. Allergies, exposure to chemicals, smoke and other irritants, injury, or excessive rubbing of the eye can cause non-infectious conjunctivitis. What are the symp ...
Blood Bourne Pathogens
... fragile and does not survive long outside the human body. It is of great concern to employees who may provide first aid or medical care involving situations with fresh blood. Because it is a devastating disease, all precautions must be taken to avoid exposure. Estimates ...
... fragile and does not survive long outside the human body. It is of great concern to employees who may provide first aid or medical care involving situations with fresh blood. Because it is a devastating disease, all precautions must be taken to avoid exposure. Estimates ...
Acute childhood exanthems
... commonly Coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus 71. It is highly contagious and is spread by the faecal-oral route, respiratory droplets and contact with skin lesions. It predominates in preschool age children and outbreaks in nurseries are common.24 Incidence peaks in summer and autumn in temperate cl ...
... commonly Coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus 71. It is highly contagious and is spread by the faecal-oral route, respiratory droplets and contact with skin lesions. It predominates in preschool age children and outbreaks in nurseries are common.24 Incidence peaks in summer and autumn in temperate cl ...
What is Immunity?
... This is immunity where antibodies are given to a person from the blood of another person or animal. This immunity only lasts for a short period of time. ex: Breastfeeding mothers pass antibodies to their children through the milk. ...
... This is immunity where antibodies are given to a person from the blood of another person or animal. This immunity only lasts for a short period of time. ex: Breastfeeding mothers pass antibodies to their children through the milk. ...
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.