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... The synchronization of distant clocks is of considerable importance for communications, multiprocessor computations, astronomy, geology, the global positioning system (GPS), etc. Existing synchronization protocols fall into two categories: Eddington adiabatic transfer [1] and Einstein clock synchron ...
... The synchronization of distant clocks is of considerable importance for communications, multiprocessor computations, astronomy, geology, the global positioning system (GPS), etc. Existing synchronization protocols fall into two categories: Eddington adiabatic transfer [1] and Einstein clock synchron ...
Quantum Mechanics: what is it and why is it interesting? Dr. Neil Shenvi
... The energy difference between the spin up and spin down states of protons is what enables NMR spectrometers to differentiate between different types of hydrogen ...
... The energy difference between the spin up and spin down states of protons is what enables NMR spectrometers to differentiate between different types of hydrogen ...
A Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
... force p to be large. In other words, we can always find a p and a set of angles γ, β that make Fp (γ, β) as close to Mp as desired. With (9), this proves the assertion of (10). The previous discussion shows that we can get a good approximate solution to an optimization problem by making p sufficien ...
... force p to be large. In other words, we can always find a p and a set of angles γ, β that make Fp (γ, β) as close to Mp as desired. With (9), this proves the assertion of (10). The previous discussion shows that we can get a good approximate solution to an optimization problem by making p sufficien ...
High-fidelity Z-measurement error encoding of optical qubits
... induced, and syndrome measured. The final bit flip correction is not made. A single qubit prepared in an arbitrary state 兩典 = ␣兩0典 + 兩1典 is input into the target mode of a nondeterministic photonic CNOT gate. An ancilla qubit in the real equal superposition 兩0典 + 兩1典 is input into the control. We ...
... induced, and syndrome measured. The final bit flip correction is not made. A single qubit prepared in an arbitrary state 兩典 = ␣兩0典 + 兩1典 is input into the target mode of a nondeterministic photonic CNOT gate. An ancilla qubit in the real equal superposition 兩0典 + 兩1典 is input into the control. We ...
The CNOT Quantum Gate
... In quantum computation we perform unitary operations on arrays of qubits [6]. These operations are referred to as gates. When we set out to build a quantum computer we are actually aiming at building the qubits, the elements holding information using physical properties, and the gates. That is, find ...
... In quantum computation we perform unitary operations on arrays of qubits [6]. These operations are referred to as gates. When we set out to build a quantum computer we are actually aiming at building the qubits, the elements holding information using physical properties, and the gates. That is, find ...
non-born–oppenheimer effects between electrons and protons
... quantum mechanically. We also have tested new approximate methods that will enable the study of larger proton-containing systems. Current work focuses on refining these approximate methods and investigating larger systems of chemical and biological interest. Our long-term objective is to use these n ...
... quantum mechanically. We also have tested new approximate methods that will enable the study of larger proton-containing systems. Current work focuses on refining these approximate methods and investigating larger systems of chemical and biological interest. Our long-term objective is to use these n ...
General Chemistry - Valdosta State University
... Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency (v, nu) – The number of times per second that one complete wavelength passes a given point. Wavelength (l, lambda) – The distance between identical points on successive waves. lv=c c = speed of light, 2.997 x 108 m/s ...
... Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency (v, nu) – The number of times per second that one complete wavelength passes a given point. Wavelength (l, lambda) – The distance between identical points on successive waves. lv=c c = speed of light, 2.997 x 108 m/s ...
Electron Configuration Worksheet #1
... The last electron was the ê electron placed in the second p orbital therefore that electron has a n = 2 since it is in the second shell, a ℓ = 1 since it is a p subshell (all s = 0, p = 1, d = 2 and f = 3), a mℓ = 0 since it is in the second orbital of the 2p subshell (the first box is –1, the seco ...
... The last electron was the ê electron placed in the second p orbital therefore that electron has a n = 2 since it is in the second shell, a ℓ = 1 since it is a p subshell (all s = 0, p = 1, d = 2 and f = 3), a mℓ = 0 since it is in the second orbital of the 2p subshell (the first box is –1, the seco ...
Quantum Information and Spacetime
... “Another way of expressing the peculiar situation is: the best possible knowledge of a whole does not necessarily include the best possible knowledge of its parts … I would not call that one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from cl ...
... “Another way of expressing the peculiar situation is: the best possible knowledge of a whole does not necessarily include the best possible knowledge of its parts … I would not call that one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from cl ...
adiabatic quantum computing
... computing, has been developed to solve a particularly hard problem called exact cover. Preliminary simulations suggest that the new quantum algorithm solves the problem much faster than a classical computer. We have investigated the algorithm and found small speedups, but could not find a case where ...
... computing, has been developed to solve a particularly hard problem called exact cover. Preliminary simulations suggest that the new quantum algorithm solves the problem much faster than a classical computer. We have investigated the algorithm and found small speedups, but could not find a case where ...
Integrated optomechanics and linear optics quantum circuits
... • Integration of all elements - SSPDs, phase shifters and quantum circuitry - is underway and the next step is to send nonclassical light into these exciting devices ...
... • Integration of all elements - SSPDs, phase shifters and quantum circuitry - is underway and the next step is to send nonclassical light into these exciting devices ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.