N -level quantum thermodynamics
... According to the usual understanding e f the first and second laws of thermodynamics, a system left to itself will eventually evolve, or "relax," without change in its internal energy, to a unique state of stable thermal equilibrium characterized as having the maximum entropy compatible with the con ...
... According to the usual understanding e f the first and second laws of thermodynamics, a system left to itself will eventually evolve, or "relax," without change in its internal energy, to a unique state of stable thermal equilibrium characterized as having the maximum entropy compatible with the con ...
Superfluid to insulator transition in a moving system of
... WKB approximation S – classical action corresponding to the motion in an inverted potential. ...
... WKB approximation S – classical action corresponding to the motion in an inverted potential. ...
Lecture 5
... where the periodicity is multidimensional Deutsch’s problem: domain is Z2 and property is f (x) = f (y) iff x y is a multiple of r ( r = 0 means f (0) = f (1) and r = 1 means f (0) ≠ f (1) ) Simon’s problem: domain is (Z2)n and property is f (x) = f (y) iff x y is a multiple of r ...
... where the periodicity is multidimensional Deutsch’s problem: domain is Z2 and property is f (x) = f (y) iff x y is a multiple of r ( r = 0 means f (0) = f (1) and r = 1 means f (0) ≠ f (1) ) Simon’s problem: domain is (Z2)n and property is f (x) = f (y) iff x y is a multiple of r ...
Algorithms and Architectures for Quantum Computers
... exploiting symmetry under permutations or collective unitary rotations. It is useful for many tasks in quantum information theory, but so far its algorithmic applications have been largely unexplored. Related to such symmetries are the equivalences of graphs under permutations, and the search for ne ...
... exploiting symmetry under permutations or collective unitary rotations. It is useful for many tasks in quantum information theory, but so far its algorithmic applications have been largely unexplored. Related to such symmetries are the equivalences of graphs under permutations, and the search for ne ...
Quantum Mechanical Ideal Diesel Engine
... thermodynamic processes, i.e., isentropic, isovolume and isobaric, had been designed. By reformulation of the first law of thermodynamics, this engine was evaluated and its efficiency was calculated. As a result, It is possible to resist the reduction in efficiency, caused by increasing of the amoun ...
... thermodynamic processes, i.e., isentropic, isovolume and isobaric, had been designed. By reformulation of the first law of thermodynamics, this engine was evaluated and its efficiency was calculated. As a result, It is possible to resist the reduction in efficiency, caused by increasing of the amoun ...
University of Arizona - Materials Computation Center
... MIT •Ting Zhu (Nuclear Engineer) University of Florida: Quantum Theory Project ...
... MIT •Ting Zhu (Nuclear Engineer) University of Florida: Quantum Theory Project ...
PowerPoint - Physics - University of Florida
... •Thus, it only causes interactions between levels belonging to a particular value of M. These may be grouped into multiplets, as follows... ...
... •Thus, it only causes interactions between levels belonging to a particular value of M. These may be grouped into multiplets, as follows... ...
27-4 Photons Carry Momentum
... One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the photon model of light is an experiment involving light interacting with matter. When light of a particular frequency is incident on matter, the light can change both direction and frequency. The shift in frequency cannot be explained in terms of the w ...
... One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the photon model of light is an experiment involving light interacting with matter. When light of a particular frequency is incident on matter, the light can change both direction and frequency. The shift in frequency cannot be explained in terms of the w ...
Presentation453.22
... As the quantum number gets larger, the probability increases towards larger displacement values. This corresponds to a classical phenomenon, as the energy of an oscillator increases, motion becomes more extended away from the status of lowest energy. The fundamental frequency of the oscillator is al ...
... As the quantum number gets larger, the probability increases towards larger displacement values. This corresponds to a classical phenomenon, as the energy of an oscillator increases, motion becomes more extended away from the status of lowest energy. The fundamental frequency of the oscillator is al ...
1700_QM_2_wavemech
... 1924 proposes new quantum number to explain “Anomalous Zeeman Effect” where “s” orbits split into 2 lines. ...
... 1924 proposes new quantum number to explain “Anomalous Zeeman Effect” where “s” orbits split into 2 lines. ...
Comprehending Quantum Theory from Quantum Fields
... different from our daily perception. Our customary ambient world is very palpable and physical. But QFT asserts this is not the primary reality. The fundamental particles involved at the basis of our daily physical reality are only secondary. They are excitations of their respective underlying quant ...
... different from our daily perception. Our customary ambient world is very palpable and physical. But QFT asserts this is not the primary reality. The fundamental particles involved at the basis of our daily physical reality are only secondary. They are excitations of their respective underlying quant ...
SEQUENTIALLY INDEPENDENT EFFECTS 1. Introduction
... interference and this phenomenon occurs for many other quantum measurements such as spin measurements in which the filters are given by Stern-Gerlach apparata. A yes-no measurement may be thought of as an event that occurs when the measurement has value 1 and does not occur when the measurement has ...
... interference and this phenomenon occurs for many other quantum measurements such as spin measurements in which the filters are given by Stern-Gerlach apparata. A yes-no measurement may be thought of as an event that occurs when the measurement has value 1 and does not occur when the measurement has ...
Quantum Interference and the Quantum Potential
... (such as mass and velocity) cannot be isolated from those of the apparatus (such as width and separation of the slits). In other words, the observed system and the observing apparatus are linked in an essential and irreducible way. Our disagreement with Bohr’s position concerns his assertion that it ...
... (such as mass and velocity) cannot be isolated from those of the apparatus (such as width and separation of the slits). In other words, the observed system and the observing apparatus are linked in an essential and irreducible way. Our disagreement with Bohr’s position concerns his assertion that it ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.