Equality and Identity and (In)distinguishability in Classical and Quantum Mechanics from the Point of View of Newton's Notion of State
... Quantum particles are identical w.r.t. intrinsic properties and ‘almost identical’w.r.t. state properties: All electrons (protons, . . . ) exhibit the same mass at rest, electrical charge, modulus of spin, etc.; Pauli’s exclusion principle: 2 electrons di¤er in at least one quantum number –however: ...
... Quantum particles are identical w.r.t. intrinsic properties and ‘almost identical’w.r.t. state properties: All electrons (protons, . . . ) exhibit the same mass at rest, electrical charge, modulus of spin, etc.; Pauli’s exclusion principle: 2 electrons di¤er in at least one quantum number –however: ...
A system`s wave function is uniquely determined by its
... The proof of our result is inspired by our earlier work [16] in which we observed that the wave function Ψ is uniquely determined by any complete set of variables Λ, provided that Ψ is itself complete (in the sense described above). Together with the result of [17], in which we showed that Ψ is comp ...
... The proof of our result is inspired by our earlier work [16] in which we observed that the wave function Ψ is uniquely determined by any complete set of variables Λ, provided that Ψ is itself complete (in the sense described above). Together with the result of [17], in which we showed that Ψ is comp ...
Quantum computation and quantum information
... computational basis states are entangled • Maybe the measurements should not be carried out in the computational basis • It is not known whether the quantum circuit model constitute an optimum quantum ...
... computational basis states are entangled • Maybe the measurements should not be carried out in the computational basis • It is not known whether the quantum circuit model constitute an optimum quantum ...
An exponential separation between quantum and classical one
... Imagine Alice and Bob have a randomised protocol that uses a small amount of communication. Fixing a distribution on the inputs, this corresponds to a partition of Alice’s inputs into large subsets, each corresponding to a short message. Fix two “hard” distributions: one on Alice & Bob’s zero-valued ...
... Imagine Alice and Bob have a randomised protocol that uses a small amount of communication. Fixing a distribution on the inputs, this corresponds to a partition of Alice’s inputs into large subsets, each corresponding to a short message. Fix two “hard” distributions: one on Alice & Bob’s zero-valued ...
1210.0414v1
... correlations have been proposed to reveal the non-classical correlations that cannot be captured by entanglement measures [3]. Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are critical changes in the ground states of many-body systems when one or more of its physical parameters are continuously changed at absol ...
... correlations have been proposed to reveal the non-classical correlations that cannot be captured by entanglement measures [3]. Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are critical changes in the ground states of many-body systems when one or more of its physical parameters are continuously changed at absol ...
Advaita Vedanta and Quantum Physics: How
... from the “inviolate level”, the true matrix of the first). The first one is essentially what we call the ego, the other is the quantum Self, the Atman, the bird that ultimately gives meaning to our existence. In order to enter the “world” of the quantum self, the Atman, we need to experience its rea ...
... from the “inviolate level”, the true matrix of the first). The first one is essentially what we call the ego, the other is the quantum Self, the Atman, the bird that ultimately gives meaning to our existence. In order to enter the “world” of the quantum self, the Atman, we need to experience its rea ...
Building quantum formalism in upper secondary school students
... 4. Data and results. 4.1 WS4-Steps1-2. Students consider the following situation: a photon beam interacts with two Polaroids aligned with the beam. They are requested to A) evaluate the probability P of photon transmission and B) correlate it with the scalar product of the unit vectors U and W, form ...
... 4. Data and results. 4.1 WS4-Steps1-2. Students consider the following situation: a photon beam interacts with two Polaroids aligned with the beam. They are requested to A) evaluate the probability P of photon transmission and B) correlate it with the scalar product of the unit vectors U and W, form ...
Few simple rules to fix the dynamics of classical systems using
... S1 and S2 are exchanging one unit of M. Analogously, acting with a†1 a2 + a†2 aM 1 on ϕn1 ,n2 would produce a combination of vectors ϕn1 +M,n2 −1 and ϕn1 −M,n2 +1 , which is useful to introduce a possible asymmetry between S1 and S2 , or, from a dynamical point of view, a non-linearity in the dynami ...
... S1 and S2 are exchanging one unit of M. Analogously, acting with a†1 a2 + a†2 aM 1 on ϕn1 ,n2 would produce a combination of vectors ϕn1 +M,n2 −1 and ϕn1 −M,n2 +1 , which is useful to introduce a possible asymmetry between S1 and S2 , or, from a dynamical point of view, a non-linearity in the dynami ...
Chapter 8: Network Security
... This can result from a DNS attack, in which false information is entered in a Domain Name Server or the name service cache of the customer’s computer. This leads to translating a correct URL into an incorrect IP address—the address of a false website. A protocol that ensures that you really are talk ...
... This can result from a DNS attack, in which false information is entered in a Domain Name Server or the name service cache of the customer’s computer. This leads to translating a correct URL into an incorrect IP address—the address of a false website. A protocol that ensures that you really are talk ...
Entanglement and Bell theorem
... • Since QM state does not determine the result of an individual measurement, this fact suggests that there exists a more complete specification of the state in which this determinism is manifest. We denote this state ...
... • Since QM state does not determine the result of an individual measurement, this fact suggests that there exists a more complete specification of the state in which this determinism is manifest. We denote this state ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.