THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... of Homorocorypkus nitidulus vicinus. Stridulation is by the elytro-elytral method, and wing movements occur at a rate of 140/second. Many tettigoniids emit in the sonic range, i.e. their dominant frequency of emission is audible to the human ear, but these songs also contain ultrasonic components. T ...
... of Homorocorypkus nitidulus vicinus. Stridulation is by the elytro-elytral method, and wing movements occur at a rate of 140/second. Many tettigoniids emit in the sonic range, i.e. their dominant frequency of emission is audible to the human ear, but these songs also contain ultrasonic components. T ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesions of the region where these chemosensitive cells are located have produced results that are consistent with this notion [26]. Finally, if one accepts the interpretation that RTN neurons are central chemoreceptors, this ...
... respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesions of the region where these chemosensitive cells are located have produced results that are consistent with this notion [26]. Finally, if one accepts the interpretation that RTN neurons are central chemoreceptors, this ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
The Neuroscientist
... representations of these perceptual characteristics from the information that the ear provides about sound acoustics. In this article, the authors examine evidence that the auditory cortex is necessary for processing the pitch, timbre, and location of sounds, and document how neurons across multiple ...
... representations of these perceptual characteristics from the information that the ear provides about sound acoustics. In this article, the authors examine evidence that the auditory cortex is necessary for processing the pitch, timbre, and location of sounds, and document how neurons across multiple ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
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... characteristic property of these sounds is their periodic waveform, and periodicity generally correlates with pitch. Thus pitch is often described as the perceptual correlate of the periodicity of the sound’s waveform. However, the existence and salience of pitch also depends in a complex way on oth ...
... characteristic property of these sounds is their periodic waveform, and periodicity generally correlates with pitch. Thus pitch is often described as the perceptual correlate of the periodicity of the sound’s waveform. However, the existence and salience of pitch also depends in a complex way on oth ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... preoptic area, but does label both the GnRH3 and GnRH2 cell groups, indicating that all of the GnRH-ir fibers in auditory regions originated from one of these two extra-hypothalamic groups (see controls below). Primary antibody incubation was followed by a PBS wash, incubation with biotinylated goat ...
... preoptic area, but does label both the GnRH3 and GnRH2 cell groups, indicating that all of the GnRH-ir fibers in auditory regions originated from one of these two extra-hypothalamic groups (see controls below). Primary antibody incubation was followed by a PBS wash, incubation with biotinylated goat ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... process in molecular terms. Drosophila is an obvious choice for this type of analysis (Thomas and Wyman, 1982; Palka et al., 1983; Zipursky et al., 1984). One potential drawback of the fly is its small size, which might make it difficult to study pathway formation at the cellular level. However, the ...
... process in molecular terms. Drosophila is an obvious choice for this type of analysis (Thomas and Wyman, 1982; Palka et al., 1983; Zipursky et al., 1984). One potential drawback of the fly is its small size, which might make it difficult to study pathway formation at the cellular level. However, the ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... presumably represented at all levels of the brain but anatomical data on the ascending pathways and connections are available to a limited extent for only a few species. In amniotes, first order medullary acoustic nuclei and a second order cell group, the superior olivary complex, give rise to ascen ...
... presumably represented at all levels of the brain but anatomical data on the ascending pathways and connections are available to a limited extent for only a few species. In amniotes, first order medullary acoustic nuclei and a second order cell group, the superior olivary complex, give rise to ascen ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... Action potential Dorsal root ganglion Tonic neuron Phasic neuron Pain ...
... Action potential Dorsal root ganglion Tonic neuron Phasic neuron Pain ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... A reciprocal arrangement of feedforward and feedback projections interconnects the thalamus and cerebral cortex. In the visual system, the feedforward pathway from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) provides the primary visual cortex (V1) with visual information coming from the retina. Feedback pr ...
... A reciprocal arrangement of feedforward and feedback projections interconnects the thalamus and cerebral cortex. In the visual system, the feedforward pathway from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) provides the primary visual cortex (V1) with visual information coming from the retina. Feedback pr ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... and top-down interactions, the faster “where” visual pathway may provide earlier rough object identity assessment for the slower and more detailed object identification in “what” pathway [43] . An early top-down projection from the orbitofrontal cortex to the visual cortex may facilitate the object ...
... and top-down interactions, the faster “where” visual pathway may provide earlier rough object identity assessment for the slower and more detailed object identification in “what” pathway [43] . An early top-down projection from the orbitofrontal cortex to the visual cortex may facilitate the object ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... during these natural vocal exchanges, allowing the study of vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takaha ...
... during these natural vocal exchanges, allowing the study of vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takaha ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... salient communication signals. Processing environmental sounds is necessary for successful predation or avoiding predation. Certain species of Chiropterans (bats) use many of these same circuits for echolocation to navigate their environment and locate insects (Pollak et al., 1977; Simmons, 1989; Po ...
... salient communication signals. Processing environmental sounds is necessary for successful predation or avoiding predation. Certain species of Chiropterans (bats) use many of these same circuits for echolocation to navigate their environment and locate insects (Pollak et al., 1977; Simmons, 1989; Po ...
Imaging Auditory Representations of Song and Syllables in
... mixture. Using a hydraulic manipulator, the pipette was advanced slowly into the HVC on the right hemisphere to the dye injection site, which was chosen based on the presence of red fluorescent retrograde labeling of HVCx cells, an absence of major blood vessels, and a depth of ⬍300 m from the surf ...
... mixture. Using a hydraulic manipulator, the pipette was advanced slowly into the HVC on the right hemisphere to the dye injection site, which was chosen based on the presence of red fluorescent retrograde labeling of HVCx cells, an absence of major blood vessels, and a depth of ⬍300 m from the surf ...
Physiological and Morphological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission
... transmission coefficient was similar for either set of motor neurons, DI-1 and DE-3 or VI-2 and VE-4. The mean value for combined data from all measurements was 0.51 (SD = 0.10, N = 10). Given the anatomical relationships between inhibitors and excitors, described below, it is highly likely that the ...
... transmission coefficient was similar for either set of motor neurons, DI-1 and DE-3 or VI-2 and VE-4. The mean value for combined data from all measurements was 0.51 (SD = 0.10, N = 10). Given the anatomical relationships between inhibitors and excitors, described below, it is highly likely that the ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
... explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent with evidence indicating that mirror neurons contribute to a range of social cognitive functions, but do not play a dominant, spec ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... key each time he or she heard the auditory cue from behind. Again, the button was pressed ten times for each subject, with forty-four subjects. The same steps used for visual cues were repeated to acquire the reaction times from Labscribe and average each subject’s times. The subsequent parts requir ...
... key each time he or she heard the auditory cue from behind. Again, the button was pressed ten times for each subject, with forty-four subjects. The same steps used for visual cues were repeated to acquire the reaction times from Labscribe and average each subject’s times. The subsequent parts requir ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... Neurobiologists have traditionally assumed that multisensory integration is a higher order process that occurs after sensory signals have undergone extensive processing through a hierarchy of unisensory subcortical and cortical regions. Recent findings, however, question this assumption. Studies in ...
... Neurobiologists have traditionally assumed that multisensory integration is a higher order process that occurs after sensory signals have undergone extensive processing through a hierarchy of unisensory subcortical and cortical regions. Recent findings, however, question this assumption. Studies in ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
... In addition to the sparsely scattered NADPHd neurons within the corpus callosum, positive neurons were evident along both the dorsal and ventral margins. These were less sparsely distributed (Figures 1 and 3); but since we consider these as a separate subpopulation, on the grounds of location and or ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... between the executed and the observed motor act [2– 5]. Some mirror neurons show a strict correspondence between the effective observed and executed motor act; others show a correspondence in the goal of the observed and executed motor act, but not in the precise movements necessary to achieve the g ...
... between the executed and the observed motor act [2– 5]. Some mirror neurons show a strict correspondence between the effective observed and executed motor act; others show a correspondence in the goal of the observed and executed motor act, but not in the precise movements necessary to achieve the g ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.