View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important information can be coded in particular physical properties of a signal and then experimentally determine if the animals themsel ...
... understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important information can be coded in particular physical properties of a signal and then experimentally determine if the animals themsel ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... Natural sounds, such as speech, are often harmonic: that is, they have energy at integer multiples of the lowest (or fundamental) frequency. This is illustrated in panel b of the figure, which shows a spectrogram of a human speech sound in which horizontal bands of energy are visible. Importantly, i ...
... Natural sounds, such as speech, are often harmonic: that is, they have energy at integer multiples of the lowest (or fundamental) frequency. This is illustrated in panel b of the figure, which shows a spectrogram of a human speech sound in which horizontal bands of energy are visible. Importantly, i ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... covered 0.45–5.7% (mean ⫾ SD ⫽ 2.7 ⫾ 1.5%) of the total volume of the neostriatum. Furthermore, all the dopaminergic neurons innervated both striosome and matrix compartments of the neostriatum, although each neuron’s arborization tended to favor one of these compartments. Our findings demonstrate t ...
... covered 0.45–5.7% (mean ⫾ SD ⫽ 2.7 ⫾ 1.5%) of the total volume of the neostriatum. Furthermore, all the dopaminergic neurons innervated both striosome and matrix compartments of the neostriatum, although each neuron’s arborization tended to favor one of these compartments. Our findings demonstrate t ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
Mesodermal and neuronal retinoids regulate the induction and
... properties (Sockanathan et al., 2003). This suggests that retinoid signaling imposes forelimb LMC identities partly through the suppression of thoracic fates. Surprisingly, hindlimb LMC formation is not perturbed, suggesting that lumbar LMC identity may be specified by alternative mechanisms (Sockan ...
... properties (Sockanathan et al., 2003). This suggests that retinoid signaling imposes forelimb LMC identities partly through the suppression of thoracic fates. Surprisingly, hindlimb LMC formation is not perturbed, suggesting that lumbar LMC identity may be specified by alternative mechanisms (Sockan ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... maintenance of the central auditory system structure and function. These factors may be passive or combined with other extrinsic factors such as learning. ...
... maintenance of the central auditory system structure and function. These factors may be passive or combined with other extrinsic factors such as learning. ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... Figure 1 Simplified block diagram of the basal ganglia and their principal connections. The nuclei of the basal ganglia are included in the light blue box and consist of the striatum, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the substantia nigra pars reticula ...
... Figure 1 Simplified block diagram of the basal ganglia and their principal connections. The nuclei of the basal ganglia are included in the light blue box and consist of the striatum, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the substantia nigra pars reticula ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... Spike potentials were monitored on a variable persistence storage oscilloscope. Units were discriminated on-line by their spike shape using a custom-built, two-channel, time ⫹ amplitude window discriminator. The discriminator output pulse was used to trigger the stimulator for antidromic activation ...
... Spike potentials were monitored on a variable persistence storage oscilloscope. Units were discriminated on-line by their spike shape using a custom-built, two-channel, time ⫹ amplitude window discriminator. The discriminator output pulse was used to trigger the stimulator for antidromic activation ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... When 10–20 communication calls are played, IC neurons respond only to some calls but not to others, even though the calls that fail to evoke a response have suprathreshold energy that encroaches upon the excitatory tuning curves. This high degree of selectivity is a characteristic that is lacking in ...
... When 10–20 communication calls are played, IC neurons respond only to some calls but not to others, even though the calls that fail to evoke a response have suprathreshold energy that encroaches upon the excitatory tuning curves. This high degree of selectivity is a characteristic that is lacking in ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... also agree with the ones described in the gerbil LSO for LOC neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or ...
... also agree with the ones described in the gerbil LSO for LOC neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
... spike is not known to carry any extra information to the AL. It is the frequency of spikes rather than their size that is important for generating behavioural responses. Information about the absolute concentration of odour also may be important to the insect, but instances in which this has been sh ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8755 ...
... Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8755 ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... for both groups, neural differences between groups reflected differences in the learned associative properties of the stimuli. Covariances of FDG uptake in the auditory system and extraauditory structures were examined using partial least squares. Three strong covariance or functional connectivity p ...
... for both groups, neural differences between groups reflected differences in the learned associative properties of the stimuli. Covariances of FDG uptake in the auditory system and extraauditory structures were examined using partial least squares. Three strong covariance or functional connectivity p ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather tha ...
... control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather tha ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.00601.2005. Despite the peripheral and central immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaura ...
... 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.00601.2005. Despite the peripheral and central immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaura ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization o ...
... monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization o ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization o ...
... monkey by parietal areas PFG and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), and frontal area F5. Recently it was shown that two other areas of the parietal lobe also have mirror neurons: the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), which with the frontal eye field forms a circuit involved in the organization o ...
The auditory cortex
... work in several behavioral contexts, not only in the highly speci®c case of echolocation. It will be exciting to see the AC of this bat functioning in its second mode, the processing of communication sound, which is the mode common to all mammals. The primary auditory cortical ®eld The topography of ...
... work in several behavioral contexts, not only in the highly speci®c case of echolocation. It will be exciting to see the AC of this bat functioning in its second mode, the processing of communication sound, which is the mode common to all mammals. The primary auditory cortical ®eld The topography of ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
... progressively dissimilar to S+; thereby, response rates provided a behavioral index of reward expectancy. We found that many NCL neurons’ responses were modulated in the stimulus discrimination phase, the outcome phase, or both. A substantial fraction of neurons increased firing for cues predicting ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared with those from single units and have not differentiated between them. The term ‘unit’ is therefore used to refer either to a single unit or a small cluster. Inclusion of small clusters in our analysis means that we ...
... response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared with those from single units and have not differentiated between them. The term ‘unit’ is therefore used to refer either to a single unit or a small cluster. Inclusion of small clusters in our analysis means that we ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.