Research paper : Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support
... implicitly (in the brain) to collect our own motor programs of observed actions and to get ourselves ready to reproduce the actions later. It is implicit training. Due to this, the observer will produce the action explicitly (in his/her behavior) with agility and finesse. This happens due to associa ...
... implicitly (in the brain) to collect our own motor programs of observed actions and to get ourselves ready to reproduce the actions later. It is implicit training. Due to this, the observer will produce the action explicitly (in his/her behavior) with agility and finesse. This happens due to associa ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... further goal, than when the action was presented alone, and the authors also found evidence for differential activation for the two intentions within the same region. ...
... further goal, than when the action was presented alone, and the authors also found evidence for differential activation for the two intentions within the same region. ...
Dissecting appetite
... — mice that should have been hungry after sleeping most of the day lost all interest in food. It was as if they got a signal that said “I’m not hungry after all,” says Palmiter. “Flicking off the laser made the mice hungry again.” When these neurons were repeatedly stimulated at 12-hour intervals fo ...
... — mice that should have been hungry after sleeping most of the day lost all interest in food. It was as if they got a signal that said “I’m not hungry after all,” says Palmiter. “Flicking off the laser made the mice hungry again.” When these neurons were repeatedly stimulated at 12-hour intervals fo ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... When FT was equal to the CF, AN fibers with low CF (<2 kHz) tended to fire at 1/CF intervals. In comparison, responses of CN units had fewer peaks and were shorter in duration. In particular, primary-like-with-notch and onset responders typically showed one peak for broad phase transition stimuli an ...
... When FT was equal to the CF, AN fibers with low CF (<2 kHz) tended to fire at 1/CF intervals. In comparison, responses of CN units had fewer peaks and were shorter in duration. In particular, primary-like-with-notch and onset responders typically showed one peak for broad phase transition stimuli an ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... areas are located in the posterolateral cortical waJl beneath the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The primary auditory area, 41 in Krieg's (1946a) classification, is the most dorsal and anterior part; Zilles et al. (1980) calls it TE 1. Two secondary auditory areas (TE3, TE2) form an incomple ...
... areas are located in the posterolateral cortical waJl beneath the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The primary auditory area, 41 in Krieg's (1946a) classification, is the most dorsal and anterior part; Zilles et al. (1980) calls it TE 1. Two secondary auditory areas (TE3, TE2) form an incomple ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excitatory neurons are randomly chosen in the range of 0.7–0.8 [Fig. 2(a)]; this makes the initial receptive field of all the cortical excitatory neurons diffuse and no knowledge about the stimuli is put into the network. The network is exposed for 2.5 ...
... the synapses from thalamic neurons to cortical excitatory neurons are randomly chosen in the range of 0.7–0.8 [Fig. 2(a)]; this makes the initial receptive field of all the cortical excitatory neurons diffuse and no knowledge about the stimuli is put into the network. The network is exposed for 2.5 ...
Text S1.
... DIV. Since a mean of 34.3 axons along each of the curved lines (103 axons divided by 3 directions L2-L4) was calculated, the probability to polarize an axon along a curved line is 34.3 actual axons / 113 attempted axons i.e. 30.4%. The probability of success for attempted polarization along curved l ...
... DIV. Since a mean of 34.3 axons along each of the curved lines (103 axons divided by 3 directions L2-L4) was calculated, the probability to polarize an axon along a curved line is 34.3 actual axons / 113 attempted axons i.e. 30.4%. The probability of success for attempted polarization along curved l ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts). DM also projects to nXIIts, and the motor neurons of nXIIts directly innervate the avian vocal organ, the syrinx. All of these nuclei are larger in male zebra finches than in females (Nottebohm and Arnold, 1976). Exposure to EZ at hatchin ...
... tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts). DM also projects to nXIIts, and the motor neurons of nXIIts directly innervate the avian vocal organ, the syrinx. All of these nuclei are larger in male zebra finches than in females (Nottebohm and Arnold, 1976). Exposure to EZ at hatchin ...
Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds
... Jones, & Zeffiro, 2002). Broadly speaking, there are three main types of information involved in the production of speech sounds: auditory, somatosensory, and motor, which are represented in the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, respectively. These regions and their inter ...
... Jones, & Zeffiro, 2002). Broadly speaking, there are three main types of information involved in the production of speech sounds: auditory, somatosensory, and motor, which are represented in the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, respectively. These regions and their inter ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
CASE 47
... The motor loop comprises two parallel pathways that travel from the cortex through the basal ganglia and then to the thalamus and back to the cortex (Figure 47-1). Each branch has an opposite effect on thalamic targets. The direct pathway goes through the caudate and putamen (which together form the ...
... The motor loop comprises two parallel pathways that travel from the cortex through the basal ganglia and then to the thalamus and back to the cortex (Figure 47-1). Each branch has an opposite effect on thalamic targets. The direct pathway goes through the caudate and putamen (which together form the ...
The seasonal hippocampus of food-storing birds.
... hippocampal neuronal recruitment and hippocampal size is not. Manipulations of day length that cause increases and decreases in food storing in captive birds have no effect on either neuronal recruitment (Hoshooley et al., 2005) or hippocampal size (Krebs et al., 1995; MacDougall-Shackleton et al., ...
... hippocampal neuronal recruitment and hippocampal size is not. Manipulations of day length that cause increases and decreases in food storing in captive birds have no effect on either neuronal recruitment (Hoshooley et al., 2005) or hippocampal size (Krebs et al., 1995; MacDougall-Shackleton et al., ...
1. Materials and Methods
... The first category of neurons was characterized by the fact that responses when the vision and the sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fe ...
... The first category of neurons was characterized by the fact that responses when the vision and the sound of the action were presented together (V+S) did not differ from those obtained during the separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fe ...
Better Together--ASHA Leadership
... The SLP needs to incorporate multiple evaluation tools that address not only basic language skills, but also higher-level language function. As with any child who experiences auditory deficits (because of deafness, hearing loss, or auditory processing disorder), abstract language, critical thinking, ...
... The SLP needs to incorporate multiple evaluation tools that address not only basic language skills, but also higher-level language function. As with any child who experiences auditory deficits (because of deafness, hearing loss, or auditory processing disorder), abstract language, critical thinking, ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... of reverberation across the population of low-frequency neurons. Neurons in the IC also display a wide variety of temporal response patterns to tones and noise. Notably, many neurons fire more action potentials in the earlier portions of the stimulus than in later portions, a feature termed spike ra ...
... of reverberation across the population of low-frequency neurons. Neurons in the IC also display a wide variety of temporal response patterns to tones and noise. Notably, many neurons fire more action potentials in the earlier portions of the stimulus than in later portions, a feature termed spike ra ...
29.2 Neurons - Cloudfront.net
... How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell. ...
... How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell. ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... reafference would be confused for exafference. This potential confusion would be particularly significant for the special abilities of some animals. For example, bats emit sounds that reflect back to them, but the reafferent echoes are mingled with exafferent noise from other sources (including near ...
... reafference would be confused for exafference. This potential confusion would be particularly significant for the special abilities of some animals. For example, bats emit sounds that reflect back to them, but the reafferent echoes are mingled with exafferent noise from other sources (including near ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... axons of these cells join fascicles that can be seen arching from HVC toward BA. New RA-projecting HVC neurons continue to be recruited in adulthood. Dorsal is up, and rostra1 is to the right. Scale bar, 2 mm. B, Fluorescence photomicrograph of HVC retrogradely labeled by fluorogold injections into ...
... axons of these cells join fascicles that can be seen arching from HVC toward BA. New RA-projecting HVC neurons continue to be recruited in adulthood. Dorsal is up, and rostra1 is to the right. Scale bar, 2 mm. B, Fluorescence photomicrograph of HVC retrogradely labeled by fluorogold injections into ...
Birds, primates, and spoken language origins: behavioral
... with other species, various theories have been proposed. One set of theories are motor theories, which underscore the role of the motor system as an evolutionary substrate for vocal production learning. For instance, the motor theory of speech and song perception proposes enhanced auditory perceptua ...
... with other species, various theories have been proposed. One set of theories are motor theories, which underscore the role of the motor system as an evolutionary substrate for vocal production learning. For instance, the motor theory of speech and song perception proposes enhanced auditory perceptua ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
... Recording in the CN. Two tungsten electrodes of ⬃2 M⍀ impedevaluated data included only neurons with stable spike waveforms over ance separated by 100 m were connected to the TDT 16-channel the entire recording session. Single-unit responses to a series of tone preamplifier of the recording system ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... The neural pathways by which information about the acoustic world reaches the auditory cortex are well characterized, but how auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate ...
... The neural pathways by which information about the acoustic world reaches the auditory cortex are well characterized, but how auditory representations are transformed into motor commands is not known. Here we use a perceptual decision-making task in rats to study this transformation. We demonstrate ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... Whether or not corticothalamic feedback serves a similar role in egocentric selection in the visual and somatosensory systems is an open question, however, results from recent work in the visual system may support the idea of egocentric selection [17]. Although this line of thinking is certainly sp ...
... Whether or not corticothalamic feedback serves a similar role in egocentric selection in the visual and somatosensory systems is an open question, however, results from recent work in the visual system may support the idea of egocentric selection [17]. Although this line of thinking is certainly sp ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
... their hearing as adults, and received a CI after a variable We have yet to develop a full understanding of exactly how range of duration of deafness (1 to 48 years). As shown in and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory r ...
sion to superior salivatory neurons in rats
... participate in essential functions such as reflexes in daily life, the synaptic functions of the brainstem and spinal cord may mature relatively earlier than those of the forebrain. ...
... participate in essential functions such as reflexes in daily life, the synaptic functions of the brainstem and spinal cord may mature relatively earlier than those of the forebrain. ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.