- Columbia University Medical Center
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... a burst, regardless of the amplitude of the depolarization. Fast-spiking neurons presumably were interneurons and they were not further considered in this study. Both bursting and regular-spiking neurons were typical projection neurons with pyramidal-shaped somata (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could ...
... a burst, regardless of the amplitude of the depolarization. Fast-spiking neurons presumably were interneurons and they were not further considered in this study. Both bursting and regular-spiking neurons were typical projection neurons with pyramidal-shaped somata (Fig. 1B). The axonal arbors could ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
The Auditory System
... closed by the base of the stapes, so that vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the perilymph of the inner ear. Motion of the auditory ossicles is modified by two small middle ear muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius. The tensor tympani is the largest of the two. It is atta ...
... closed by the base of the stapes, so that vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the perilymph of the inner ear. Motion of the auditory ossicles is modified by two small middle ear muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius. The tensor tympani is the largest of the two. It is atta ...
Andrea Kádár
... hypothesized that T3 produced by tanycytes may be taken up by axon terminals of these neurosecretory neurons in the ME and transported retrogradely to the nucleus of these cells. The presence of the main neuronal thyroid hormone transporter, MCT8, in the axon terminals of hypophysiotropic neurons wo ...
... hypothesized that T3 produced by tanycytes may be taken up by axon terminals of these neurosecretory neurons in the ME and transported retrogradely to the nucleus of these cells. The presence of the main neuronal thyroid hormone transporter, MCT8, in the axon terminals of hypophysiotropic neurons wo ...
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... stimulation with spectro-temporally complex sounds such as FM sweeps in different conditions varying the pattern of activation and the acoustic background. In addition I evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds ba ...
... stimulation with spectro-temporally complex sounds such as FM sweeps in different conditions varying the pattern of activation and the acoustic background. In addition I evaluated how changes in receptive field structure and temporal fidelity can arise from shortterm experience with these sounds ba ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortical region devoted to processing of sounds, and as such, it is believed to be involved in hig ...
... is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortical region devoted to processing of sounds, and as such, it is believed to be involved in hig ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... from ⫺40 to ⫺78 mV, with a mean of ⫺59 ⫾ 8 mV. Input resistance ranged from 300 to 951 M⍀, with a mean of 542 ⫾ 147 M⍀. Membrane time constants, measured after a ⫺50 pA current was injected, averaged 34.5 ⫾ 10.2 ms. All the neurons recorded exhibited varying degrees of membrane rectification evident ...
... from ⫺40 to ⫺78 mV, with a mean of ⫺59 ⫾ 8 mV. Input resistance ranged from 300 to 951 M⍀, with a mean of 542 ⫾ 147 M⍀. Membrane time constants, measured after a ⫺50 pA current was injected, averaged 34.5 ⫾ 10.2 ms. All the neurons recorded exhibited varying degrees of membrane rectification evident ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... in understanding how neural circuits generate behavior. Therefore, it is a particularly good time to review and critically examine what we know about the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), one of the premier systems for analyzing how circuit dynamics arise from the properties of its neurons and t ...
... in understanding how neural circuits generate behavior. Therefore, it is a particularly good time to review and critically examine what we know about the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), one of the premier systems for analyzing how circuit dynamics arise from the properties of its neurons and t ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... Maps of Labeled Projection Neurons in Superior Temporal Areas After injection of fluorescent tracers in prefrontal cortices, we used one series of sections to conduct systematic exhaustive mapping of labeled projection neurons on the ipsilateral side in superior temporal cortices (1 in every 10 secti ...
... Maps of Labeled Projection Neurons in Superior Temporal Areas After injection of fluorescent tracers in prefrontal cortices, we used one series of sections to conduct systematic exhaustive mapping of labeled projection neurons on the ipsilateral side in superior temporal cortices (1 in every 10 secti ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... A. Five axonal lobes are grouped into three sets, based on a previous proposal (Crittenden et al., 1998). The γ lobe is outlined in red, the α′ and β′ lobes are outlined in green, and the α and β lobes are outlined in blue. (C) Schematic drawing shows the essence of the MARCM system. Mitotic recombi ...
... A. Five axonal lobes are grouped into three sets, based on a previous proposal (Crittenden et al., 1998). The γ lobe is outlined in red, the α′ and β′ lobes are outlined in green, and the α and β lobes are outlined in blue. (C) Schematic drawing shows the essence of the MARCM system. Mitotic recombi ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... field. This allowed obtaining a random sample of neurons distributed over the IC slice. Neuronal somata were outlined manually on the digital image and tagged uniquely. The initial dendritic segment was ignored for analysis whenever it was stained (which happened very rarely due to the section thickn ...
... field. This allowed obtaining a random sample of neurons distributed over the IC slice. Neuronal somata were outlined manually on the digital image and tagged uniquely. The initial dendritic segment was ignored for analysis whenever it was stained (which happened very rarely due to the section thickn ...
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... which diminishes when a new, unpreferred stimulus is presented [39–44]. Repetition effects occur during a narrow time window, ~100–200 ms post stimulus onset, as demonstrated in electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG: [34,45–49]; MEG: [50]). Stimulus-induced adaptations of neural populations have ...
... which diminishes when a new, unpreferred stimulus is presented [39–44]. Repetition effects occur during a narrow time window, ~100–200 ms post stimulus onset, as demonstrated in electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG: [34,45–49]; MEG: [50]). Stimulus-induced adaptations of neural populations have ...
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... Simula et al. (2001) have revealed that the number of neurons associated with the possum SO is significantly higher within the distal region (duodenal end) of the sphincter than in the more proximal part. Furthermore, they found that approximately (approx.) 50% of all SO associated nerve cells were ...
... Simula et al. (2001) have revealed that the number of neurons associated with the possum SO is significantly higher within the distal region (duodenal end) of the sphincter than in the more proximal part. Furthermore, they found that approximately (approx.) 50% of all SO associated nerve cells were ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... Low-magnification cartoons (Figs. 1, 2) were made by drawing neurons through a camera lucida from several sections and arranging them without dendritic overlap for purposes of clarity. For each neuron, the location relative to nuclear borders and the orientation were preserved. Every section contain ...
... Low-magnification cartoons (Figs. 1, 2) were made by drawing neurons through a camera lucida from several sections and arranging them without dendritic overlap for purposes of clarity. For each neuron, the location relative to nuclear borders and the orientation were preserved. Every section contain ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
... auditory afferents with PADs and the postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron with IPSPs. This twofold inhibition reduces the auditory response to self-generated sounds and protects the cricket_s auditory pathway from desensitization during sound production, allowing it to remai ...
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... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
Development of Structure and Sensitivity of the Fish Inner Ear
... related to the evolution and function of sensory systems in vertebrates. The comparative data obtained from different levels of the auditory system, from the peripheral to the central auditory system, is by far the richest among all sensory systems. However, despite our growing knowledge in auditory ...
... related to the evolution and function of sensory systems in vertebrates. The comparative data obtained from different levels of the auditory system, from the peripheral to the central auditory system, is by far the richest among all sensory systems. However, despite our growing knowledge in auditory ...
NIH Public Access
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... 1981), although we could not distinguish between two populations of neurons. In the 20-pm sections used for the double-labeling studies we felt we could not be certain that the smaller profiles did not simply represent angled sections of larger neurons, since in 50- and 100~pm-thick sections of stri ...
... 1981), although we could not distinguish between two populations of neurons. In the 20-pm sections used for the double-labeling studies we felt we could not be certain that the smaller profiles did not simply represent angled sections of larger neurons, since in 50- and 100~pm-thick sections of stri ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... on the scalp. The resulting output is a series of waves that occur within 10 milliseconds of the stimulus presentation. The positive vertex waves – those pointing upwards – are numbered I to VII, and each one generally corresponds to a specific point of activity along the central auditory pathway ( ...
... on the scalp. The resulting output is a series of waves that occur within 10 milliseconds of the stimulus presentation. The positive vertex waves – those pointing upwards – are numbered I to VII, and each one generally corresponds to a specific point of activity along the central auditory pathway ( ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.