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Genetically Modified Organisms
Genetically Modified Organisms

... Addition of Bt gene into plants including corn, potatoes and cotton to increase resistance to plants Bt gene obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis (a soil bacterium that produces a natural insecticide) Problem: plants producing Bt toxin are releasing toxin in ...
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Biotechnology - Valhalla High School
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Genetic Algorithms
Genetic Algorithms

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... aimed at undergraduate university students. •  Student teams are given a kit of biological parts at the beginning of the summer from the Registry of Standard Biological Parts. •  They use these parts and new parts of their own design to build biological systems and operate them in living cells. ...
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Mycoplasma laboratorium

Mycoplasma laboratorium is a planned partially synthetic species of bacterium derived from the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium. This effort in synthetic biology is being undertaken at the J. Craig Venter Institute by a team of approximately 20 scientists headed by Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith, and including DNA researcher Craig Venter and microbiologist Clyde A. Hutchison III. Mycoplasma genitalium was chosen as it was the species with the smallest number of genes known at that time.The J. Craig Venter Institute filed patents for the Mycoplasma laboratorium genome (the ""minimal bacterial genome"") in the U.S. and internationally in 2006. This extension of the domain of biological patents is being challenged by the watchdog organization Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentration.On May 21, 2010, Science reported that the Venter group had successfully synthesized the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma mycoides from a computer record, and transplanted the synthesized genome into the existing cell of a Mycoplasma capricolum bacterium that had had its DNA removed. The ""synthetic"" bacterium was viable, i.e. capable of replicating billions of times. (The team had originally planned to use the M. genitalium bacterium they had previously been working with, but switched to M. mycoides because the latter bacterium grows much faster, which translated into quicker experiments.) Scientists who were not involved in the study caution that it is not a truly synthetic life form because its genome was put into an existing cell. The Vatican has not condemned the discovery, but claims it is not a new life. It is estimated that the synthetic genome cost US$40 million to make and took 20 people more than a decade of work. Despite the controversy, Venter has attracted over $110 million in investments so far for Synthetic Genomics, with a future deal with Exxon Mobil of $300 million in research to design algae for diesel fuel.
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