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Section 8 – The human genome project
Section 8 – The human genome project

... •Since each cut with a known enzyme is a specific base sequence comparing restriction maps allows biologists to look for the numbers and locations of these base sequences. The theory is that the greater the number of sequences and the closer their location on the DNA the more closely related the ind ...
notes
notes

... *Telomeres – tips of chromosomes are difficult to copy, the enzyme telomerase adds short repeated DNA sequences to telomeres, lengthening the chromosomes – this makes it less likely that important gene sequences will be lost during replication ...
Translation - Net Start Class
Translation - Net Start Class

... transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and released in the cytoplasm ...
Application of Recombinant DNA Technology.pdf
Application of Recombinant DNA Technology.pdf

... Treating Hemophilia A and B Factor 8 and 9 can be extracted from donated blood, usually pooled from several thousand donors, and purified. Injections of this material can halt episodes of bleeding in hemophiliacs and have allowed countless young men to live relatively normal lives. However, blood c ...
Definition of DNA recombinant Technology,
Definition of DNA recombinant Technology,

... Treating Hemophilia A and B Factor 8 and 9 can be extracted from donated blood, usually pooled from several thousand donors, and purified. Injections of this material can halt episodes of bleeding in hemophiliacs and have allowed countless young men to live relatively normal lives. However, blood c ...
Handout
Handout

... RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA using the DNA template (the "coding" strand of the double-stranded DNA) the new RNA strand has ribonucleotides instead of deoxyribonucleotides & uracil (U) is used in place of thymine (T) to base pair with adenine (A) RNA polymerase binds to a promoter (special start ...
Chapter 2. Nucleic Acids
Chapter 2. Nucleic Acids

... are removed, the denatured nucleic acid molecules may restore their native structures with recovery of their biological functions and physical properties. Melting temperature (Tm) of DNA: the temperature at which 50% of the maximum optical density is reached. ...
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Replication
DNA Replication

...  Gametes make new cells by meiosis  The first step is still____________________!!!  They now have 92 chromosomes  They divide once (just like mitosis) and have 46 ...
Genes get around
Genes get around

... Are small, circular pieces of DNA in bacterial or yeast cells that contain 3 to 300 genes.  Most plasmids exist separate from the chromosome of the cell.  Usually replicated when DNA is copied, but some can reproduce at other times – autonomous replication ...
Important Experiments
Important Experiments

... d. Mutations may happen during the process i. 34. _______________or 35. _______________of a nucleotide ii. 36. _______________of a nucleotide iii. 37. _______________– environmental agents such as UV light and chemicals that alter the DNA Page 4 of 9 ...
GA Milestone Review 1 1 Carbon dioxide and water are converted
GA Milestone Review 1 1 Carbon dioxide and water are converted

... An animal cell containing 32 chromosomes divides by mitosis. Each of the resulting daughter cells goes through mitosis. The cells that result each have A) 4 chromosomes. B) 8 chromosomes. C) 16 chromosomes. D) 32 chromosomes. 10 Which is the primary energy source for most animals? A) carbohydrates B ...
DNA - Midlakes
DNA - Midlakes

... combination of their genes. However if we were to compare your DNA to your parents it would be similar. ...
Biology DNA and Protein Syn
Biology DNA and Protein Syn

... Watson and Crick • James Watson and Francis Crick were working on the structure of DNA in the 1950s. • Using information from Chargaff, Franklin, and other scientists, they put together a 3-D model of DNA. • Watson and Crick’s model was a double helix, with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases ...
Introduction Document
Introduction Document

... -A (resp. C) is the complement of T(resp. G). Unit of length: bp (base pair) -The two strands are antiparallel. one can be deuced from the other by reverse complementation Example: s = AGACGT, s' = TGCAGA (reverse) ś = AGACGT (reverse complement) ...
DNA replication
DNA replication

... • Cos sequences are single stranded sequences of DNA, which have been split from the parent molecule by a specific restriction enzyme in such a way that the ends have specific affinity for each other, and hence are known as cohesive ends. • Cosmids are packaged in phage structures consisting of prot ...
HW#2 (first draft)
HW#2 (first draft)

... More than 800 products must be made (probably at least about 4,000) because there is a distribution of stop sites at random. In one round of synthesis that would require one template per product. However, if there were 20 cycles of sequencing you would need 20 times fewer templates (so perhaps 200). ...
Measuring forces in the DNA molecule
Measuring forces in the DNA molecule

... However, Dietz also intends to apply the data directly to his current research: He uses DNA as programmable building material to construct machines on the order of nanometers. When doing so, he draws inspiration from the complex structures which can e.g. be found in cells and, among other things, se ...
AP Biology (An Introduction)
AP Biology (An Introduction)

...  Such as pBLU or pGLO  pBLU = Blue coloration  pGLO = fluorescent green under UV light  In Lab 6, we will insert the ...
Tools of Genetic Engineering 2
Tools of Genetic Engineering 2

DNA Fingerprinting and Its Application in Paternity Testing
DNA Fingerprinting and Its Application in Paternity Testing

S3. Effects of Mutations on Proteins – Formative
S3. Effects of Mutations on Proteins – Formative

figure 9-9
figure 9-9

... largest types of DNA library is a genomic library, produced when the complete genome of a particular organism is cleaved into thousands of fragments, and all the fragments are cloned by insertion into a cloning vector. 歐亞書局 ...
MICROBIAL GENETICS
MICROBIAL GENETICS

... • The F plasmid contains information to code for conjugal transfer and for autonomous replication • The donor cell carrying the F plasmid = “male” ...
EXAM B
EXAM B

... 10. Consider the cell labeled X in Figure 109 containing 4 chromosomes. Which of the four cells below it represents a healthy gamete that could be produced from this cell? a.A b.B c.C d.D ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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