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... novel junctions created by ligation of sequences that were in close proximity through specific interactions. To determine if the Kcnq1 promoter associated with specific DNA sequences in the neonatal heart, we performed an unbiased, systematic 3C scan extending 12.6 kb upstream of the promoter, spann ...
Kinetic studies of human tyrosyl
Kinetic studies of human tyrosyl

... member in a distinct class of the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily of enzymes that is comprised of a diverse set of proteins including PLDs from bacteria to mammals, a bacterial toxin, and some bacterial nucleases [11]. The PLDs hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond in the phospholipid such as phosphat ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA

... yeast and analysed its effect on ester production during alcoholic fermentation. Compared with control cells, overexpression of CrAT caused a significant reduction in the production of some esters, including the important flavour components ethyl acetate and 3-methyl-butyl acetate (isoamyl acetate). ...
Phytopathology
Phytopathology

... DNA array technology, essentially a reverse dot blot technique, is an emerging methodology useful for identification of DNA fragments and may be applicable for rapid identification and detection of plant pathogens associated with plants (20,21,26). An array of species-specific oligonucleotide probes ...
World Index of BioMolecular Visualization Resources
World Index of BioMolecular Visualization Resources

... helix and highlight the bases, sugars and phosphates. You can see how the helix is created by observing the structure of a two and three base pair helix. The last animation emphasizes how the major and minor grooves are created. The DNA coordinates were generated by Sybyl using idealized coordinates ...
Human RIF1 and protein phosphatase 1 stimulate DNA replication
Human RIF1 and protein phosphatase 1 stimulate DNA replication

... inter-origin distance. How significant was the change - can a p-value be calculated? Was the change accompanied by a change in replication fork progression as reported in other instances of reduced origin frequency, or was there a different effect due to the concomitant effects on replication timing ...
View PDF
View PDF

... partner had 46,XX,9qh+ karyotype, inferring the increased presence of heterochromatin region in the long arm of one of the chromosome 9. Heterochromatin polymorphisms are microscopically visible regions on chromosomes 1, 9, 16, the distal two thirds of the long arm of the Y chromosome and the satell ...
History of Discoveries in Molecular Biology
History of Discoveries in Molecular Biology

... invented a technique for multiplying DNA sequences in vitro by, the polymerase chain reaction - PCR. PCR has been called the most revolutionary new technique in molecular biology in the 1980s. Cetus patented the process, and in the summer of 1991 sold the patent to Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. for $300 mi ...
version pdf - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and
version pdf - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and

... Patients with chromosome aberrations always have a distinct clinical picture. They resemble each other as a group Many, but not all chromosome aberrations, cause a highly distinct pattern of abnormalities; patients with these aberrations resemble each other more than their sibs and parents Although ...
Downloaded - Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
Downloaded - Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique

... to ELF topological analyses for a deeper insight and to investigate differences at the electronic level. 2.2 ELF analyses To gain a deeper understanding of the differences between the Poll structures with different cations in the active site we performed ELF calculations based on the wavefunctions obta ...
genetics - Liceocopernico.it
genetics - Liceocopernico.it

... of his pioneering work on peas in 1866, but his work was not appreciated during his lifetime. The science of genetics began in 1900 with the rediscovery of his original paper. In the next ninety years, genetics grew from virtually zero knowledge to the present day ability to exchange genetic materia ...
Are Restriction Enzymes Recognition Sites Underrepresented in the
Are Restriction Enzymes Recognition Sites Underrepresented in the

... enzymes in the genome of interest; then any mutation in these RAD tags will be in the form of SNPs that can be associated with certain phenotypes. Next Generation Sequencing (Figures S3, S4), restriction enzymes are used to fragment DNA like large chromosomes to get DNA parts of desired length which ...
Design-O-Saur - Beyond Benign
Design-O-Saur - Beyond Benign

... 9. 2 pairs wings ( W ) and no wings ( N ) 10. 6 eyes (E) and 1 eye ( Y) ...
Educational Item Section Clinical findings in chromosome aberrations in Oncology and Haematology
Educational Item Section Clinical findings in chromosome aberrations in Oncology and Haematology

... differentiated structures, e.g. facies, male genitalia, distal limbs. Development : • Often most impressive in early childhood. • Tendency to catch-up growth of facial structures. • In some aberrations marked changes with age. ...
Recall Questions
Recall Questions

... substantial number of stillbirths, miscarriages, and fertility problems on the husband’s side of the family, they see a genetic counselor. A chromosome analysis reveals that, whereas the woman has a normal karyotype, the man possesses only 45 chromosomes and is a carrier for a Robertsonian transloca ...
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51

... the RecA protein polymerizes on ssDNA in the 59 3 39 direction to form a right-handed helical structure in which the DNA is extended to 1.5 times its original length (8). Pairing with homologous duplex DNA in the second phase of the reaction results in the rapid uptake of the dsDNA into homologous r ...
SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES IN THE TWO RACES OF
SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES IN THE TWO RACES OF

... and BOCHE1933), the behavior in salivary gland cells suggests that one of the arms contains more inert material than the other. In most salivary gland preparations, there is no indication that the two arms of the X chromosome belong together, but occasionally, on crushing the nucleus, they are separ ...
Staphylococcus aureus CC395 harbours a novel
Staphylococcus aureus CC395 harbours a novel

... than transduction. Thus S. aureus CC395 may serve as a hub for the continuous exchange of CRISPR as well as antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes between CoNS and S. aureus. ...
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital

... These sequences of strains BIFI-56 and BIFI-58 showed a 100% identity to the same fragment of the16S rRNA sequence from the E. faecium type strain (ATCC 19434, DSM 20477).Therefore the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that both strains were E. faecium isolates. In order to know if both strains were atypic ...
Clinical Findings in Chromosome Aberrations
Clinical Findings in Chromosome Aberrations

... No functional importance, rather of aesthetic importance May be found in healthy and normal individuals as well Characteristic for a given chromosome aberration is a pattern and not a single dysmorphism Reflect disharmonic and/or defective early development of various anatomic structures and allow t ...
Rotaphor System 6.0
Rotaphor System 6.0

Biotechnology Explorer™ GMO Investigator™ Kit: A - Bio-Rad
Biotechnology Explorer™ GMO Investigator™ Kit: A - Bio-Rad

... serial dilutions of template DNA and use the results to generate a standard curve. The template used for this purpose can be a target with known concentration (for example, nanograms of genomic DNA or copies of plasmid DNA) or a sample of unknown quantity (for example, cDNA). A standard curve is con ...
Brain Storming at CSIR
Brain Storming at CSIR

... 1. The fish was found to survive for more than 60 days up to 10 ppm of arsenic treatment. 2. A decrease in total carbohydrate and lipid content in arsenic treated fishes. 3. Increase in total free amino acid was observed due to breakdown of protein. 4. A decreased activity of Transaminases- ( Alanin ...
Detection of GM Papaya Event 55-1 in Fresh
Detection of GM Papaya Event 55-1 in Fresh

... both fresh and processed papaya fruit. GM papaya event 55-1 is a genetically modified organism (GMO) not currently approved for food in Korea. Using a primer set specific to papain, an endogenous papaya gene, we obtained a PCR product only from papaya genomic DNA, thus defining the primer’s specific ...
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late

... was initially oriented with the recombination frequency map by use of early region substitutions or deletions which were genetically defined and could be related to the cleavage site map (Jackson et CL, 19’78b). Subsequently, Tnl insertions located in late region genes 20, 16, ant, and 9 were assign ...
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DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
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