• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
LP - Columbia University
LP - Columbia University

... 2. Restriction enzymes. What causes restriction? What are restriction enzymes? Bacteria have endonucleases that cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. (All previously known endonucleases cut at random.) These enzymes are called restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases. Exonucleases remove ...
letters The homing endonuclease I-CreI uses three metals
letters The homing endonuclease I-CreI uses three metals

... broader range of substitutions than if these residues were used for direct, specific contacts to either the substrate or the transition state during catalysis. This active site structure and catalytic mechanism may have been further diversified by the independent and separate fusion of ancestral hom ...
File
File

... quite perfect. That small difference from the original DNA sequence is a mutation. ...
Transcription Translation Powerpoint
Transcription Translation Powerpoint

... BUT there are hundreds of thousands of different proteins ...
lec-02-handout
lec-02-handout

... NPTEL VIDEO COURSE  –  PROTEOMICS                                PROF.  SANJEEVA SRIVASTAVA   ...
Chapters 16-17 (DNA and protein synthesis)
Chapters 16-17 (DNA and protein synthesis)

... Alternative RNA splicing allows some genes to produce different polypeptides. Exons may code for polypeptide domains, which are the functional parts of a protein (such as binding and active sites). ...
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) provides an extremely
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) provides an extremely

chapter 12 test - open to see diagrams
chapter 12 test - open to see diagrams

Poster
Poster

... Our enzyme, yHst2, belongs to an important family of enzymes called sirtuins. yHst2 is the yeast homologue of human Sir two 2. All Sir2 deacetylases have amino acid sequences that are very similar in all organisms from bacteria to humans. They all remove acetyl groups from acetyllysine sidechains on ...
Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

... Fig 13.1 Structures of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. ...
What is a mutation?
What is a mutation?

... A should pair with T, but instead G is mismatched to T ...
Biology 321 Answers to Problem Set 6
Biology 321 Answers to Problem Set 6

...  Problem 2 The 3’-5’ exonuclease activity associated with DNA polymerases corrects most mistakes that occur during the DNA chain elonation process. DNA mismatch repair systems correct errors that remain post-DNA synthesis. RNA polymerases do not have proofreading capabilities and there are no RNA r ...
Calling names
Calling names

... translated into amino acid sequences • The “words” of the DNA “language” are triplets of bases called codons – 3 bases or nucleotides make one codon – Each codon specifies an amino acid – The codons in a gene specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide ...
Transcription Translation Packet Part 2
Transcription Translation Packet Part 2

Biology Partnership Grant Lesson Plan 1
Biology Partnership Grant Lesson Plan 1

... instruction. The teacher informs the students that the set of instructions called DNA makes up the recipe for traits in all living organisms including us. The information in a DNA strand is grouped into small segments. Each segment is made of even smaller units just like a recipe – In a recipe each ...
2013 Training Handout
2013 Training Handout

... ultraviolet light or mutagens. The DNA repair process must operate constantly to correct any damage to the DNA as soon as it occurs. ...
Midterm #1 Study Guide
Midterm #1 Study Guide

... What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Where do these processes occur? What are the results from each? Proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes are called ______. Histone–DNA units are called _______. Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids? ...
Genetic_Research_Lesson4_Slides_NWABR
Genetic_Research_Lesson4_Slides_NWABR

... Science was something that I was always excited about. I have one foot in anthropology as an anthropological geneticist; therefore I’m not strictly limited to a laboratory, but can go into the field for my work reconstructing the history of human populations and their origins based on population gen ...
From DNA to RNA
From DNA to RNA

... – Transcription, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule (copy and transfer) – Translation, the transfer of information from RNA into a protein ...
translation
translation

...  The backsides of the tRNAs have specific amino acids attached to them. When the tRNAs line up, the amino acids bond to each other and let go of the tRNA.  The chain of amino acids is called a protein.  The protein then performs a function which gives the organism a certain trait. (more on those ...
Genetics/DNA PowerPoint
Genetics/DNA PowerPoint

... – Dominant allele always expressed unless there are two recessive alleles – Example: In peas, tall is dominant while short is ...
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Section 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems

... Genetic Engineering in Agriculture Write the name of a fruit or vegetable that you don’t like to eat and explain why you don’t like it. Then write about ways in which the fruit or vegetable could possibly be changed by genetic engineering so that you would like it. ...
Ch7 microbgeneticspart1HOLrg
Ch7 microbgeneticspart1HOLrg

... outside of operon coding region inhibits transcription unless something else bind to the repressor protein ...
Exercise 10 - DNA Fingerprinting - Lake
Exercise 10 - DNA Fingerprinting - Lake

... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded genetic molecule consisting of many monomers called nucleotides, hence DNA is a polynucleotide. The two strands of DNA are connected to one another by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of each strand. The DNA base pair sequence and DNA quan ...
Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation

... • DNA is the master copy of the genetic code in your cells’ nuclei. • If something happens to the DNA then EVERY protein made will be mutated. DNA is kept safer in eukaryotes by protecting it with a nuclear envelope. • If something happens (mutations) to RNA, then the mutated RNA can be recycle and ...
< 1 ... 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 ... 492 >

DNA supercoil



DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Supercoiling is important in a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA. Additionally, certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription. Mathematical expressions are used to describe supercoiling by comparing different coiled states to relaxed B-form DNA.As a general rule, the DNA of most organisms is negatively supercoiled.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report