Chromosomes and Mutations Chromosomes and
... • The name for sections of DNA (and therefore RNA) that code for a specific protein (which has a specific function in the organism) ...
... • The name for sections of DNA (and therefore RNA) that code for a specific protein (which has a specific function in the organism) ...
Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA
... -usually inducible promoters are used to allow expression of gene independent of host cell gene expression -e.g. Lac Operon: inducible promoter that can be turned on with IPTG -level of expression can be controlled by concentration of inducer -once expressed (transcription ! translation), gene produ ...
... -usually inducible promoters are used to allow expression of gene independent of host cell gene expression -e.g. Lac Operon: inducible promoter that can be turned on with IPTG -level of expression can be controlled by concentration of inducer -once expressed (transcription ! translation), gene produ ...
Chapter 8
... characteristics of a cell; use this information synthesize proteins. 2. What four functions are performed by nucleic acids? 1) store information that determines the characteristics of cells and organisms; 2) direct the synthesis of proteins essential to the operation of the cell or organism; 3) chem ...
... characteristics of a cell; use this information synthesize proteins. 2. What four functions are performed by nucleic acids? 1) store information that determines the characteristics of cells and organisms; 2) direct the synthesis of proteins essential to the operation of the cell or organism; 3) chem ...
Learning Goals Chapter 13
... 5. To analyze the differences between the sequences and conclude why there are more differences in introns than in exons Text Section 13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis 1. Identify the universal genetic code and explain how it is read. 2. Describe the steps in the process of transcribing DNA into ...
... 5. To analyze the differences between the sequences and conclude why there are more differences in introns than in exons Text Section 13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis 1. Identify the universal genetic code and explain how it is read. 2. Describe the steps in the process of transcribing DNA into ...
Chapter Outline
... • Serves as code for protein (polypeptide) synthesis • Gene - sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one polypeptide • Genome - all the genes of one person – humans have estimated 35,000 genes – other 97% of DNA is noncoding – either “junk” or organizational – human genome project completed in 2 ...
... • Serves as code for protein (polypeptide) synthesis • Gene - sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one polypeptide • Genome - all the genes of one person – humans have estimated 35,000 genes – other 97% of DNA is noncoding – either “junk” or organizational – human genome project completed in 2 ...
Unit 4
... 12. Explain the process of transcription including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. Figure 16.7 pg. 305 16. Distinguish among mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA- Transcript of the gene’s protein building instructions tRNA- Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm’s amino aci ...
... 12. Explain the process of transcription including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. Figure 16.7 pg. 305 16. Distinguish among mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA- Transcript of the gene’s protein building instructions tRNA- Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm’s amino aci ...
CHAPTERS 21 AND 22
... ► Has a short lifetime - usually less than an hour Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - constitutes about 65% of the material in ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis ► Ribosome - a sub cellular particle that serves as the site of protein synthesis in all organisms ...
... ► Has a short lifetime - usually less than an hour Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - constitutes about 65% of the material in ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis ► Ribosome - a sub cellular particle that serves as the site of protein synthesis in all organisms ...
Bacteria
... Binary Fission: _________________ reproduction where one cell splits into two cells ...
... Binary Fission: _________________ reproduction where one cell splits into two cells ...
Gene Section CBFb (subunit b of core binding factor)
... CBF binds to a core motif of the DNA (herein the name); CBFb by itself does not contain any known DNA binding motif or any transcriptional activation domain; CBFa binds to DNA; CBFb increases CBFa's affinity to DNA by 5 to 10 fold; CBF is a transcription factor which regulates the expression of myel ...
... CBF binds to a core motif of the DNA (herein the name); CBFb by itself does not contain any known DNA binding motif or any transcriptional activation domain; CBFa binds to DNA; CBFb increases CBFa's affinity to DNA by 5 to 10 fold; CBF is a transcription factor which regulates the expression of myel ...
Particle bombardment
... incubated in DNA isolated from langsdorfii. The DNA treated pollen were used to pollinate emasculated glauca plants. One group claimed that the sexual progeny thus obtained formed tumors on the stem. However, these experiments were not reproduced in other labs. ...
... incubated in DNA isolated from langsdorfii. The DNA treated pollen were used to pollinate emasculated glauca plants. One group claimed that the sexual progeny thus obtained formed tumors on the stem. However, these experiments were not reproduced in other labs. ...
review sheet
... bond, deoxyribose, phosphate group. (Use each term only once) b. Label ALL the nitrogenous bases present with the appropriate letter (A,C,G,T). c. What part of the DNA molecule actually contains the hereditary information? ...
... bond, deoxyribose, phosphate group. (Use each term only once) b. Label ALL the nitrogenous bases present with the appropriate letter (A,C,G,T). c. What part of the DNA molecule actually contains the hereditary information? ...
Model question Paper- Gene Technology MLAB 475
... C) A gene is cloned in the MCS of lacZ’ of E. coli. The transformants are selected by blue white selection- lacZ’ complementation on X-gal plate and two kinds of colonies are observed. Explain the significance of blue and white ...
... C) A gene is cloned in the MCS of lacZ’ of E. coli. The transformants are selected by blue white selection- lacZ’ complementation on X-gal plate and two kinds of colonies are observed. Explain the significance of blue and white ...
Genetics and Heredity
... European descent but is much rarer in other groups. One out of 25 whites (4% ) is a carrier. The normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. These chloride channels are defective or absent. The r ...
... European descent but is much rarer in other groups. One out of 25 whites (4% ) is a carrier. The normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. These chloride channels are defective or absent. The r ...
Topic 12 DNA Technology
... 2. Obtain a plasmid (circular DNA) from bacteria 3. Use restriction enzymes to cut out the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid to receive the gene 4. Mix source DNA gene with plasmid to form recombinant DNA 5. DNA ligase will seal the phosphodiester bonds 6. Insert recombinant DNA into host cell ...
... 2. Obtain a plasmid (circular DNA) from bacteria 3. Use restriction enzymes to cut out the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid to receive the gene 4. Mix source DNA gene with plasmid to form recombinant DNA 5. DNA ligase will seal the phosphodiester bonds 6. Insert recombinant DNA into host cell ...
Chapter 15 Controls over Genes
... Continue… • This mosaic effect is seen in human females affected by anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in which a mutant gene on one X chromosome results in patches of skin with no sweat glands – Figure 15.6b and 15.7 -- page 245 ...
... Continue… • This mosaic effect is seen in human females affected by anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in which a mutant gene on one X chromosome results in patches of skin with no sweat glands – Figure 15.6b and 15.7 -- page 245 ...
mitogenetics
... Stability of Mitochondrial DNA • Mutatation rate 10X higher than nuclear DNA • Mutations generated by oxidation by-products • No protective histones • Ineffective DNA repair • Typically point mutations or deletions • Tolerance for deletions variable • Some deletions recurring in unrelated patients ...
... Stability of Mitochondrial DNA • Mutatation rate 10X higher than nuclear DNA • Mutations generated by oxidation by-products • No protective histones • Ineffective DNA repair • Typically point mutations or deletions • Tolerance for deletions variable • Some deletions recurring in unrelated patients ...
EOCT Review
... Below show that, in their very early stages of development, the embryos of different vertebrates resemble each other. This similarity suggests that they ...
... Below show that, in their very early stages of development, the embryos of different vertebrates resemble each other. This similarity suggests that they ...
Pre – AP Biology
... These cells possess 46 chromosomes inside them. They are 2n – diploid. Karyotypes will display all 46. A karyotype is basically pictures of the chromosomes. Homologous (“same”) Chromosomes can be seen. These are called Autosomes. 44 = 22 pairs exist in all human cells. (If female, the two sex are th ...
... These cells possess 46 chromosomes inside them. They are 2n – diploid. Karyotypes will display all 46. A karyotype is basically pictures of the chromosomes. Homologous (“same”) Chromosomes can be seen. These are called Autosomes. 44 = 22 pairs exist in all human cells. (If female, the two sex are th ...
Biol 213 Genetics (13 September 2000) Relationship between
... Natural plasmids and viruses carry the genes required for their replication and either infection or conjugal transfer. In addition, they often carry genes that make them valuable to their hosts. Viruses are able to protect their hosts from infection of some other viruses. Plasmids carry a wide varie ...
... Natural plasmids and viruses carry the genes required for their replication and either infection or conjugal transfer. In addition, they often carry genes that make them valuable to their hosts. Viruses are able to protect their hosts from infection of some other viruses. Plasmids carry a wide varie ...
EXAM 1
... c. Xfree in the cytoplasm d. none of the above 7. When Lac I is bound to the lac operon, can RNA polymerase form the initiation complex? a. Yes b. XNo c. Sometimes d. Yes, but only after a $20 bribe 8. The genetic code is degenerate. This means a. there is “spillover” such that different codons can ...
... c. Xfree in the cytoplasm d. none of the above 7. When Lac I is bound to the lac operon, can RNA polymerase form the initiation complex? a. Yes b. XNo c. Sometimes d. Yes, but only after a $20 bribe 8. The genetic code is degenerate. This means a. there is “spillover” such that different codons can ...
Meiosis
... All cells in your body have the SAME DNA Only genes need by that cell are expressed. Each cell only expresses the portion of the DNA containing the genetic information for the proteins required by that cell at that time. The remainder of the DNA is not expressed Example: ...
... All cells in your body have the SAME DNA Only genes need by that cell are expressed. Each cell only expresses the portion of the DNA containing the genetic information for the proteins required by that cell at that time. The remainder of the DNA is not expressed Example: ...
Extrachromosomal DNA
Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.