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... • Ciprofloxacin binds to the DNA/enzyme complex that forms during DNA replication • This forms a physical barrier that prevents movement of the replication fork and replicating enzymes down the DNA strand • The result: no DNA replication ...
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Chapter

... Email: [email protected], Tel.:+84-710 3832475, Fax: +84-7103 831270 Veterinary staff, People’s Committee of Phuoc Hao Commune, Chau Thanh district, Tra Vinh province Postal address: People’s Committee of Phuoc Hao Commune, Chau Thanh district, Tra Vinh province, Vietnam Email: [email protected], ...
STRs and Marker Analysis
STRs and Marker Analysis

Biology Chapter 14 TEST (2010)
Biology Chapter 14 TEST (2010)

... a. only two gametes may form instead of four. b. some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes. c. the chromatids do not separate. d. it occurs during prophase. ____ 36. Nondisjunction can involve a. autosomes. b. sex chromosomes. c. homologous chromosomes. d. all of the above ____ 37. Scientist ...
The Secret of How Life Works - The Biotechnology Institute
The Secret of How Life Works - The Biotechnology Institute

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Gregor Mendel Mendel`s 7 Pea Plant Traits

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Biology 155 Practice Exam 3 Name

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... to have all ‘dog’ genes in the regions analyzed by the test, the test will yield a ‘dog’ genotype and the animal will be considered a dog based on this analysis alone—regardless of the actual ‘dog’ or ‘wolf’ content in the animal. Combining mtDNA, nDNA, and Y-chromosomal DNA increases the likelihood ...
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... rRNA is the RNA found in a ribosome and it is folded up with proteins to complete the structure; its function is to help ‘read’ the mRNA sequence. tRNA is a folded molecule with a clover leaf shape. It carries an amino acid at one end and has an anticodon (3 bases). The different anticodons code for ...
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Biology 321 Spring 2011 Answers to Assignment Set #5

... a. Neutral Sequence variation does not affect the Darwinian fitness of the organism. b. Yes. The alternative sequence variation exceeds 1% c. These sequence variations are not disease causing. You would want to focus your screen on the mutations in Table 2. d. It is in the third codon position so li ...
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... (d) b and c, but not a 2. A nonsense mutation: (a) causes one amino acid to be substituted for another in a protein chain. (b) results from the deletion of one or more bases, leading to a shift in the reading frame. (c) results from the insertion of one of more bases, leading to a shift in the readi ...
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... the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins. (secondary to HS-LS3-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS1-1.) DCI – LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits  Each chromosome consists of a single very long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome ...
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... When cells divide, they do not always divide properly. Bits of chromosomes can sometimes break off one chromosome and become attached to another. Sometimes one daughter cell ends up with both chromosomes of a homologous pair whilst the other has none. These ‘mistakes’ are called chromosome mutations ...
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... could direct the appearance of genetic traits while faithfully reproducing itself so that information could be transferred between generations. Although Avery’s results seemed clear enough, many were reluctant to accept them. Those doubts were finally laid to rest in a brief report published in 1953 ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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