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2016 Ag Biotechnology CDE
2016 Ag Biotechnology CDE

... 36. Bacteria are different from plants and animals in that they replicate slower than plants and animals have more genes than plants and animals are all genetically identical because they never change have fewer genes than plants and animals 37. Which is the most accurate description of plant transf ...
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... 5. Guldener U, Heck S, Fielder T, Beinhauer J, Hegemann JH (1996) A new efficient gene disruption cassette for repeated use in budding yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 2519-2524. ...
DNA Sequence Analysis Using Boolean Algebra
DNA Sequence Analysis Using Boolean Algebra

... dynamic programming to solve the alignment problem. The main disadvantage of this method is that the scoring matrix construction and trace back causes a significant degradation in the runtime of the above algorithm. The Altschul’s method to search for similarities between a query and all the sequenc ...
Genomics of Food
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... Genomics will give us new insights to how our food grows. —These insights will generate new opportunities for improving how our food grows, tastes, and nourishes us. Genomics will also help us better understand the disease interactions between humans and foodborne pathogens or toxins, and speed deve ...
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An Apple a Day: Extracting DNA from Any Living Thing

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File - Science with Spence

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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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