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High mutation rates in human and ape pseudoautosomal genes
High mutation rates in human and ape pseudoautosomal genes

... sequences by eye in ProSeq. The synonymous divergence (Ks) was calculated using MEGA (Kumar et al., 1994) using the method of Li et al. (1985). The data of Wolfe and Sharp (1993) were used to build the distribution of mouse/rat Ks values across the genome. To count the number of mutations of differe ...
The Birth- and- Death Evolution of Multigene Families Revisited
The Birth- and- Death Evolution of Multigene Families Revisited

... new gene families. The Birth-and-Death Model of Evolution Over the last 2 decades, Nei and colleagues conducted a number of key studies that provide the foundation for the theory that underlies the birth-and-death model. Since then, a number of multigene families have been identified that undergo bi ...
SCOOTER OER Fact Sheet: Dr V Rolfe, December 2010
SCOOTER OER Fact Sheet: Dr V Rolfe, December 2010

... Gene expression alters with life-stage and in turn causes different Hb molecules to be synthesised at different times. Which Hb molecules are produced in the embryonic phase? Gower 1, Gower 2 and Portland 1 Gower 1 and Gower 2 Portland 1 and Portland 2 Foetal (HbF) and Gower 1 ...
Patterns of Segmental Duplication in the Human Genome
Patterns of Segmental Duplication in the Human Genome

... Downloaded from http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ at National Chiao Tung University Library on December 7, 2011 ...
Complete Laboratory PDF
Complete Laboratory PDF

... The increasing availability of whole genome sequences and sophisticated computer software has made it possible to map genes using bioinformatic approaches. However, traditional mapping techniques are still used to map genes for which no sequence information is available – for example, mutant phenoty ...
Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii by PCR
Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii by PCR

... can be achieved by tissue culture or mouse inoculation. However, tissue culture is not very sensitive and inoculation of mice takes more than three weeks to complete [2]. PCR overcomes these shortcomings [3]. PCR is sensitive and the diagnosis can be confirmed within one day. The use of PCR has grea ...
Original Article:
Original Article:

... septicaemia. Bacteraemic infections often develop from the resident S. aureus flora located in the anterior nares of the patient. The understanding of the biological nature of S. aureus colonization is still limited, and most studies of the nasal carriage presume that individuals are colonized by a ...
PDF - Blood Journal
PDF - Blood Journal

... Bioinformatic methods have identified thousands of lncRNAs, and an interesting debate has emerged regarding how many of these actually exert important biological functions.26 For example, enhancers frequently produce lncRNA transcripts. Some of these may simply represent nonfunctional byproducts of t ...
Why Mitochondrial Genes are Most Often Found in Nuclei
Why Mitochondrial Genes are Most Often Found in Nuclei

... 1998). More to the point, an experimental system to study and quantify the transfer of sequences between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in the yeast S. cerevisiae has been developed by Thorsness and Fox (1990, 1993). Thorsness and his collaborators have used this system to study a number of mutan ...
Characterization of the wheat gene encoding a grain
Characterization of the wheat gene encoding a grain

... developing endosperm (Magnard et al., 2003). However, no expression of these genes was detected in the embryo or other grain tissues. In this paper, the cloning and characterization of the gene and promoter of another member of the TdPR60 (Kovalchuk et al., 2009) clade of nsLTPs are described. The g ...
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human

... groups have predicted the effect of SNPs on the structure of proteins in order to rationalize the effect of SNPs on protein function [8-11]. Wang and Moult showed that SNPs resulting in deleterious amino acid changes predominantly affect the stability of the protein. Sunyaev and coworkers estimate t ...
Genetics - davis.k12.ut.us
Genetics - davis.k12.ut.us

... chromosomes. He concludes that chromosomes contain a cell’s hereditary material on genes. ...
the Role of DNA Sequence Data - International Journal of
the Role of DNA Sequence Data - International Journal of

... However, it is becoming increasingly evident that any particular cut-off value (such as 70%) is arbitrary and not guaranteed to yield groups of bacteria that correspond to real ecological units (82). Also, it is not clear what determines the fraction of genomic segments that anneal in hybridization ...
Analyses of human–chimpanzee orthologous gene
Analyses of human–chimpanzee orthologous gene

... unambiguous. Ka/Ks ratios for each alignment were previously calculated by the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005) as well as estimates of lineage-specific protein changes. Given the similarity between human and chimpanzee genes, however, there will be few, and not infrequently zero ...
The viriosphere, diversity, and genetic exchange within phage
The viriosphere, diversity, and genetic exchange within phage

... Pulse field gel electrophoresis is a culture-independent approach that has been used to examine how diverse the genome sizes of the dominant members of virioplankton communities are. The studies have shown substantial temporal and spatial changes in genome sizes [19–22], which emphasizes that these ...
Handbook on SMA genetics_final_051209
Handbook on SMA genetics_final_051209

... Linkage analysis is available for families if direct DNA testing is not sufficiently informative. It may be used for confirmation of carrier testing and prenatal testing results. The detection of the SMN2 copy number is not possible with this method. If only a linkage analysis is used, patients shou ...
Application for rDNA Review/Registration for
Application for rDNA Review/Registration for

... 13. Will you be cross-breeding transgenic animals or creating a new line? ...
Imprinting evolution and the price of silence
Imprinting evolution and the price of silence

... correlate with imprint status, the nucleotide sequence of the two alleles of imprinted genes are identical. Therefore, the imprint marks that distinguish the two parental alleles must be epigenetic in nature. Epigenetic alterations are defined as modifications that induce heritable changes in gene e ...
Mycobacterium kyorinense sp. nov., a novel, slow
Mycobacterium kyorinense sp. nov., a novel, slow

... The advent of new molecular techniques has evoked great interest in the identification and classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause infectious diseases in mammals. Currently, there are more than 100 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, of which approximately 60 are considered to b ...
Temperature-sensitive control of protein activity by conditionally
Temperature-sensitive control of protein activity by conditionally

... expressed by the ptc-Gal4 driver, a striking loss of both wg and sen at the intersection of the a/p and d/v boundaries (arrows in Fig. 3f–h,j–l) is observed at both 29 °C and 18 °C. Mild temperature sensitivity of ptc-Gal4 decreased the activity of dnN at the lower temperature (compare Fig. 3f with ...
array CGH - Unique The Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group
array CGH - Unique The Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group

Ensembl variation resources Open Access Database
Ensembl variation resources Open Access Database

... more information from those previously sequenced. Much of this additional information is variation data derived from sampling multiple individuals of a given species with the goal of discovering new variants and characterising the population frequencies of the variants that are already known. These ...
How Biologists Conceptualize Genes: An empirical study
How Biologists Conceptualize Genes: An empirical study

... sequences in this way. The one-to-one correspondence between stretches of coding DNA and genes is challenged by the existence of overlapping genes, which share some of the same sequence. Here we see the very same DNA treated as (part of) two different genes because those genes produce different gene ...
Answer Appendix B - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Answer Appendix B - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... C16. First construct a Punnett square. The chances are 75% of producing a solid pup and 25% of producing a spotted pup. A. Use the binomial expansion equation, where n = 5, x = 4, p = 0.75, q = 0.25. The answer is 0.396 = 39.6% of the time. B. You can use the binomial expansion equation for each lit ...
Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... chromosomes. He concludes that chromosomes contain a cell’s hereditary material on genes. ...
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Genomics

Genomics is a discipline in genetics that applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism). Advances in genomics have triggered a revolution in discovery-based research to understand even the most complex biological systems such as the brain. The field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research of single genes does not fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genome's networks.
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