Homologous Recombination Between Episomal Plasmids and Chromosomes in Yeast.
... mitotic recombination between closely linked markers. This result was reproduced in the mitotic crosses in Table 3, where factors of increase of more than tenfold relative to the spontaneous rate were found. However, the stimulation of recombination between plasmid and chromosome by the same doses o ...
... mitotic recombination between closely linked markers. This result was reproduced in the mitotic crosses in Table 3, where factors of increase of more than tenfold relative to the spontaneous rate were found. However, the stimulation of recombination between plasmid and chromosome by the same doses o ...
maturation of humoral immune responses
... In this complex, the TCR chains are responsible for recognition of antigen (peptide+ MHC class I/II) while the intracellular signaling is conveyed by the CD3 subunits [reviewed in Alarcon et al 2003]. The emerging T cells can further be divided into subsets based on the expression of the CD4 or CD8 ...
... In this complex, the TCR chains are responsible for recognition of antigen (peptide+ MHC class I/II) while the intracellular signaling is conveyed by the CD3 subunits [reviewed in Alarcon et al 2003]. The emerging T cells can further be divided into subsets based on the expression of the CD4 or CD8 ...
HIV-1 IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY NATURAL INFECTION
... infected monkeys. As perforin secretion/production has been shown to be associated with control of HIV‐1 infection, the aberrant perforin release may be a result of a yet unknown viral immune escape mechanism. ...
... infected monkeys. As perforin secretion/production has been shown to be associated with control of HIV‐1 infection, the aberrant perforin release may be a result of a yet unknown viral immune escape mechanism. ...
Your Amazing Immune System - how it protects your body
... Where They Work • Where are immune cells made? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Where do immune cells work and how do they get there? . . . . . . . . . . . . . • How immune cells find their way around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • How immu ...
... Where They Work • Where are immune cells made? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Where do immune cells work and how do they get there? . . . . . . . . . . . . . • How immune cells find their way around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • How immu ...
Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy
... be due to tumor escape mechanisms. Tumor cells can downregulate or completely lose expression of tumor antigens and/or MHC molecules, thus avoiding recognition by tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, T cells may become nonfunctional as a result of changes in T-cell receptor signal transduction or as ...
... be due to tumor escape mechanisms. Tumor cells can downregulate or completely lose expression of tumor antigens and/or MHC molecules, thus avoiding recognition by tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, T cells may become nonfunctional as a result of changes in T-cell receptor signal transduction or as ...
Long Term Immunological Memory to Vaccinia Virus
... noteworthy that the nonresponders had measurable B- and T-cell responses despite showing “no take” at the time of vaccination. The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the V ...
... noteworthy that the nonresponders had measurable B- and T-cell responses despite showing “no take” at the time of vaccination. The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the V ...
Genome demethylation and imprinting in the endosperm
... endosperm [26]. PRC2 actively targets the promoter of the maternal PHE1 allele for H3K27me, which is necessary for maternal allele silencing [27,28]. Mutations that disrupt the PRC2 complex result in PHE1 biallelic expression. Interestingly, a differentially methylated region located downstream of P ...
... endosperm [26]. PRC2 actively targets the promoter of the maternal PHE1 allele for H3K27me, which is necessary for maternal allele silencing [27,28]. Mutations that disrupt the PRC2 complex result in PHE1 biallelic expression. Interestingly, a differentially methylated region located downstream of P ...
Title Heterochromatin Blocks Constituting the Entire
... Key words: chromosomal evolution; constitutive heterochromatin; tandem repeat; amplification; acrocentric chromosome ...
... Key words: chromosomal evolution; constitutive heterochromatin; tandem repeat; amplification; acrocentric chromosome ...
Learning objectives for Sequence Analysis 1
... patterns that have been subject to conservation and alteration may be analyzed. 21. In MSA, sequences are aligned optimally by bringing the greatest number of similar characters into register in the same column of the alignment, just as for the alignment of two sequences. 22. Finding of optimal MSA ...
... patterns that have been subject to conservation and alteration may be analyzed. 21. In MSA, sequences are aligned optimally by bringing the greatest number of similar characters into register in the same column of the alignment, just as for the alignment of two sequences. 22. Finding of optimal MSA ...
Protective Anti-Helicobacter Immunity Is Induced with Aluminum
... lysate in aluminum hydroxide (AlOH) (A) or complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (B), and 14 days later their spleen cells were tested by ELISPOT assays for interferon (IFN)–g (⽧) or interleukin (IL)–5 (䡬) production in the presence of medium or H. pylori antigen, as indicated. Each symbol represents the ...
... lysate in aluminum hydroxide (AlOH) (A) or complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (B), and 14 days later their spleen cells were tested by ELISPOT assays for interferon (IFN)–g (⽧) or interleukin (IL)–5 (䡬) production in the presence of medium or H. pylori antigen, as indicated. Each symbol represents the ...
An Attacker’s Day into Human Virology 1 Introduction Axelle Apvrille, Guillaume Lovet
... or sometimes DNA (long molecules that carry genetic information or instructions), a protein coat protecting these genes and optionally, an envelope of fat surrounding them. Many viruses also develop spikes on their envelope, which help them attach to specific cell surfaces. Viruses should not be con ...
... or sometimes DNA (long molecules that carry genetic information or instructions), a protein coat protecting these genes and optionally, an envelope of fat surrounding them. Many viruses also develop spikes on their envelope, which help them attach to specific cell surfaces. Viruses should not be con ...
Directions for Use Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (UNG), Cod
... Will UNG remove uracil from both ss- and dsDNA with the same efficiency? No, UNG removes uracil from ss-DNA at a rate of 200% compared to dsDNA. Will UNG remove uracil from RNA? Will it work with short oligos (e.g. 25-mer)? UNG does not act on uracil on the ribose sugar backbone. It will work on ...
... Will UNG remove uracil from both ss- and dsDNA with the same efficiency? No, UNG removes uracil from ss-DNA at a rate of 200% compared to dsDNA. Will UNG remove uracil from RNA? Will it work with short oligos (e.g. 25-mer)? UNG does not act on uracil on the ribose sugar backbone. It will work on ...
nrmicro-09-068v1 - HAL
... 2 The presence of DCs within the skin, the blood and particularly within the mucosal surfaces 3 and their ability to take up antigen at these sites predisposes DCs to function as primary target 4 cells for viruses. It is therefore possible that viruses establish persistence by directly infecting 5 D ...
... 2 The presence of DCs within the skin, the blood and particularly within the mucosal surfaces 3 and their ability to take up antigen at these sites predisposes DCs to function as primary target 4 cells for viruses. It is therefore possible that viruses establish persistence by directly infecting 5 D ...
Depth-stratified functional and taxonomic niche
... cyanobacterial photosystems as the viral versions evolve under different selective pressures than their host versions and have recombined back into the host (Sullivan et al., 2006). Cyanophage AMGs can also evolve to the point that they perform modified function. For example, when discovered, viral ...
... cyanobacterial photosystems as the viral versions evolve under different selective pressures than their host versions and have recombined back into the host (Sullivan et al., 2006). Cyanophage AMGs can also evolve to the point that they perform modified function. For example, when discovered, viral ...
Characterization of somatic antigens of adult
... rTES-30USM) [13]. Presently a Dot-ELISA test for toxocarosis is under evaluation which is considered as a reliable one as it presents many advantages as a basic diagnostic test. For example, it is highly stable, it does not require specialised tools to analyse the results, it has a lower cost and it ...
... rTES-30USM) [13]. Presently a Dot-ELISA test for toxocarosis is under evaluation which is considered as a reliable one as it presents many advantages as a basic diagnostic test. For example, it is highly stable, it does not require specialised tools to analyse the results, it has a lower cost and it ...
Provisional Subject Strand Information
... Describe how antibody diversity is generated (modular design) Describe how the structure of antibodies is related to their function for different antibody classes Describe B cell activation Describe B cell maturation (class switching, somatic hypermutation) Describe the T-cell life cycle i ...
... Describe how antibody diversity is generated (modular design) Describe how the structure of antibodies is related to their function for different antibody classes Describe B cell activation Describe B cell maturation (class switching, somatic hypermutation) Describe the T-cell life cycle i ...
Inflammation in the Bovine Female Reproductive Tract
... Tritrichomonas foetus-are well adapted to the female genital tract and can persist for months after infection at coitus (51, 52). Both agents are noninvasive, (i.e., they are uterine lumen dwellers existing in the extracelluar compartment). Both can cause mild to moderate inflammation of the mucosae ...
... Tritrichomonas foetus-are well adapted to the female genital tract and can persist for months after infection at coitus (51, 52). Both agents are noninvasive, (i.e., they are uterine lumen dwellers existing in the extracelluar compartment). Both can cause mild to moderate inflammation of the mucosae ...
Therapeutic Protein Immunogenicity Focus Group (TPIFG)
... slides with antibodies and protein levels could be probed separately with EZ-link protein labeling kits and Cy-5 labeled streptavidin. Initial images were collected with a standard slide-based microarray scanner (Figure 1, hair plugs). ...
... slides with antibodies and protein levels could be probed separately with EZ-link protein labeling kits and Cy-5 labeled streptavidin. Initial images were collected with a standard slide-based microarray scanner (Figure 1, hair plugs). ...
DNA barcoding parasite organisms found in terrestrial
... biodiversity at a study site (Monis and Andrews 2002). There is also further interest in DNA barcoding of parasite biodiversity because of its noninvasive nature and its capability for early detection of invasive species, non-native species which may offset the balance of a pre-established ecosystem ...
... biodiversity at a study site (Monis and Andrews 2002). There is also further interest in DNA barcoding of parasite biodiversity because of its noninvasive nature and its capability for early detection of invasive species, non-native species which may offset the balance of a pre-established ecosystem ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.