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Fractals are observed in nature
Fractals are observed in nature

... produce a unique pattern consistently over different parts of the genome of an organism. From the image generated from the chaos game, characteristics of a DNA sequence can be studied, such as finding association between two letters. The concept of fractional Brownian motion has been also applied to ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... (PBMCs) derived from healthy donors cultured with β-1,3-D/1,6 glucan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans. J of Kyushu University of Health and Welfare. 2005;6:193-198. Ikewaki N, Fujii N, Onaka T, Inuko H. Unique immunological actions of a new β-1,3-D/1,6 glucan (Sophy βglucan) produced by Aureobasi ...
Towards a conceptual framework for innate immunity
Towards a conceptual framework for innate immunity

... adaptive not evolutionary pressure. Conversely, innate immune system receptors recognise a genetically-determined set of ligands under evolutionary pressure. One key group of innate receptors is the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) superfamily which recognises evolutionary-conserved pathogen-assoc ...
NIH Guidelines - Institutional Biosafety Committee
NIH Guidelines - Institutional Biosafety Committee

... restricted agents as host-vector systems. • III-D-2 regulates experiments in which DNA from RG-2, RG-3, RG-4, or restricted agents is cloned into non-pathogenic prokaryotic, or lower eukaryotic, host-vector systems. • III-D-3 regulates experiments involving the use of infectious DNA or RNA viruses, ...
Slide 1 - Uni Mainz
Slide 1 - Uni Mainz

... Click right button and slide to zoom in and out Pause pointer on a residue to see number and chain (e.g. GLN1511.A) This indicates amino acid, number and chain. Find chain B. These are fragments but the numbers correspond to the positions in the complete proteins. Note the gaps, e.g. between positio ...
Acute lung injury: how the lung inflammatory response works P.A. Ward
Acute lung injury: how the lung inflammatory response works P.A. Ward

... in activation of proinflammatory genes, with release of the cytokines and chemokines that are described above. As the inflammatory reaction progresses, regulatory (inhibitory) gene products also appear, especially IL-10 and IL-13. These ILs are powerful anti-inflammatory mediators that suppress NF-k ...
The molecular biology of sex determination and sexual development
The molecular biology of sex determination and sexual development

... numbers of samples and is rapid and robust enough to be used in the large numbers required by the poultry industry. The assay has the potential to allow embryos to be segregated into males and females while they are still at an early stage of development in the egg. This could potentially provide a ...
Prospects for gene therapy of haemophilia
Prospects for gene therapy of haemophilia

... virus (usually adeno- or herpes-virus) for productive infection. Additionally recombinant vectors are entirely devoid of wild-type viral genes thus reducing the potential for invoking cell-mediated immune response to foreign viral proteins. Most importantly, these vectors can direct long-term transg ...
Kinoshita, T et al.
Kinoshita, T et al.

... Genomic imprinting refers to the unequal expression of maternal and paternal alleles of a gene depending on the parent-of-origin, and is a phenomenon that has evolved in both placental mammals and flowering plants. In both mammals and plants, the imprinted genes are differentially marked before ferti ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology

... pathogens are pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Emerging evidence suggest that TLRs play an important role in the activation of immune cells by pathogens, including M. tuberculosis. TLR2, TLR4, and more recently, TLR1/TLR6 that heterodimerise with TLR2, have been ...
Toll-like receptors and human pathology
Toll-like receptors and human pathology

GFP - Bio-Rad
GFP - Bio-Rad

... For example, a healthy human gene for the hormone insulin can be put into bacteria. Under the right conditions, these bacteria can make authentic human insulin. When allowed to multiply in gigantic vats (fermenters) these bacteria can be used to mass produce the human insulin protein. This genetical ...
Electrophoresis Systems for Nucleic Acids
Electrophoresis Systems for Nucleic Acids

... shown is in accordance with the size of nucleic acid due to the molecular sieving effect of gel. When this is dyed with ethidium bromide, etc. and detected, the electrophoresis pattern of nucleic acid can be obtained. It is possible to obtain the size from this pattern (size marker is necessary) or ...
SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 4: Immunology and Public Health
SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 4: Immunology and Public Health

... might be surprised at the answer because it has been estimated that 90% of the energy processed by organisms on the planet is done so by bacteria. Likewise, the total biomass of bacteria on the planet is thought to exceed that of all other living things put together. With an average size of 1µm, the ...
Revision PowerPoint B2 Topic 1
Revision PowerPoint B2 Topic 1

... • May lead to improved testing for genetic disorders, to discover if people  are carrying a faulty allele • New ways of finding genes that may increase the risk of certain diseases – such as Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease • May lead to new treatments and cures for disorder eg. gene therapy,  whe ...
Chemokines, innate and adaptive immunity, and respiratory disease REVIEW I. Sabroe
Chemokines, innate and adaptive immunity, and respiratory disease REVIEW I. Sabroe

... potential to modify disease. A fundamental mechanism of allergic asthma is the process of antigen sensitization, in which processed antigens are presented to naı̈ve T-cells in lymph nodes. Dendritic cells are important professional antigen-presenting cells and there is evidence that immature dendrit ...
Unit 4 - eduBuzz.org
Unit 4 - eduBuzz.org

... might be surprised at the answer because it has been estimated that 90% of the energy processed by organisms on the planet is done so by bacteria. Likewise, the total biomass of bacteria on the planet is thought to exceed that of all other living things put together. With an average size of 1µm, the ...
Evolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of Meiosis
Evolutionary Origin and Adaptive Function of Meiosis

... 2004). In eukaryotes such as mammals, tens to hundreds of thousands of naturally caused DNA damages occur per cell per day (see next section). While most of these DNA damages can be repaired, such repair is not 100% efficient. Unrepaired DNA damages accumulate, especially in non-replicating or slowl ...
werribee secondary college vce unit planner ~ 2004
werribee secondary college vce unit planner ~ 2004

... Thursday: generalized view of how information is received by a cells receptor and transducted to an effector for lipid and protein based signaling molecules Friday: ANZAC day Homework: hormone revision and exam questions Monday: PD: apoptosis as an example of the cellular response to specific signal ...
NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONAL DISORDER IN
NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONAL DISORDER IN

... cytokines which have an important role in various steps of immunogenic mechanisms are influenced by iron deficiency anemia. Iron is an essential component of hundreds of proteins and enzymes that are involved in oxygen transport and generation of reactive oxygen species that kill pathogens. Neutroph ...
A Rapid Screening Method to Detect Nonsense and Frameshift
A Rapid Screening Method to Detect Nonsense and Frameshift

... the APC gene for mutation requires significant effort because it is a large gene and most APC mutations are unique. Therefore, this assay offers a powerful option for the diagnosis of this and other genetic diseases, as well as great potential for the development of a similar rapid screen to detect ...
A Serine/Proline-Rich Protein Is Fused To HRX in t(4
A Serine/Proline-Rich Protein Is Fused To HRX in t(4

... charge ($37 at normal pH) and also notable for its high serine (14.7%) and proline ( 1 1.3%)content. ChimericHRX-FELprotein in 4;ll leukemias. In all cells examined, two wild-type FEL transcripts were observed, a major RNA of approximately 11 kb and a minor, slower migrating transcript of 11.5 kb (F ...
Comparison of real-time PCR with SYBR Green I or
Comparison of real-time PCR with SYBR Green I or

... derived from a specific probe. However, SYBR Green I can be applied to the fluorescent monitoring of any amplification reaction, which gives more flexibility to the real-time PCR. In this study, we designed specific rDNA-targeted oligonucleotide primers or probes for six bacterial species or groups ...
p53 powerpoint
p53 powerpoint

... Large T antigen and p53 are oncogenes - p53, a proto-oncogene, is expressed in low concentrations in normal cells - T antigen oncogenic activity leads to overexpression of p53 and the latter acts as an oncogene ...
Analysis of the Original Antigenic Sin Antibody Response to the
Analysis of the Original Antigenic Sin Antibody Response to the

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DNA vaccination



DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.
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