Induction of Protective Antitumor Immunity through Attenuation of ERAAP Function
... cytosolic proteases, including the proteasome (1, 2). These are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP. A key final step of the pathway involves aminopeptidases, which trim the extra N-terminal residues to generate peptides (1) that are an optimal length for loading onto MHC clas ...
... cytosolic proteases, including the proteasome (1, 2). These are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP. A key final step of the pathway involves aminopeptidases, which trim the extra N-terminal residues to generate peptides (1) that are an optimal length for loading onto MHC clas ...
Influenza prevention and treatment by passive immunization
... they can recognize some hidden epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. For some applications, especially in treatment of acute infections caused by variable pathogens such as highly pathogenic influenza viruses, polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) might give better results than mAbs. The ...
... they can recognize some hidden epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. For some applications, especially in treatment of acute infections caused by variable pathogens such as highly pathogenic influenza viruses, polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) might give better results than mAbs. The ...
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly
... the chromosomes poleward in anaphase. In addition, kinetochores appear to provide a signal for the spindle assembly checkpoint that determines when anaphase begins [1]. The animal kinetochore has four plate-like layers that may have unique functions in chromosome movement. The outermost layer, known ...
... the chromosomes poleward in anaphase. In addition, kinetochores appear to provide a signal for the spindle assembly checkpoint that determines when anaphase begins [1]. The animal kinetochore has four plate-like layers that may have unique functions in chromosome movement. The outermost layer, known ...
Transmission-Blocking Immunity against Malaria: From Antigen
... pathogen transmission from the infected to the uninfected hosts. These candidates may be monoor polyclonal antibodies from the vertebrate host or recombinant DNA plasmids containing the gene encoding such molecules.17 TBV candidates should have these qualities: first of all they should be inducing a ...
... pathogen transmission from the infected to the uninfected hosts. These candidates may be monoor polyclonal antibodies from the vertebrate host or recombinant DNA plasmids containing the gene encoding such molecules.17 TBV candidates should have these qualities: first of all they should be inducing a ...
Gel Electrophoresis - Integrated DNA Technologies
... determine the isoelectric points of various enzymes. The isoelectric point, pI, is loosely defined as the pH at which a protein will no longer migrate in an electrical field. It is important to note here that electrophoresis made such determinations possible before researchers were able to actually ...
... determine the isoelectric points of various enzymes. The isoelectric point, pI, is loosely defined as the pH at which a protein will no longer migrate in an electrical field. It is important to note here that electrophoresis made such determinations possible before researchers were able to actually ...
Review of existing experimental methods for assessing the outcome
... cells, tissues, and organs, which together represent the body’s primary mechanism for preventing diseases that arise through toxins or infection from pathogenic microorganisms’ including bacteria, viruses and fungi (Parham, 2009). To prevent or overcome infection the immune system is therefore requi ...
... cells, tissues, and organs, which together represent the body’s primary mechanism for preventing diseases that arise through toxins or infection from pathogenic microorganisms’ including bacteria, viruses and fungi (Parham, 2009). To prevent or overcome infection the immune system is therefore requi ...
(S) tet Resistance Determinant Element Containing the Tetracycline
... pAM120 is used to probe the blots, HincII digestion shows similar hybridizing fragments, as would be expected from DNA containing an integrated copy of Tn916 but with the extra HincII fragment (see above). When the blots were probed with tet(M), there was no hybridization (data not shown). Taken tog ...
... pAM120 is used to probe the blots, HincII digestion shows similar hybridizing fragments, as would be expected from DNA containing an integrated copy of Tn916 but with the extra HincII fragment (see above). When the blots were probed with tet(M), there was no hybridization (data not shown). Taken tog ...
28-29_Per_tolerance_Regulatory T-cells_LA
... Stimulates production of IgA antibodies by inducing B-cells to switch to this isotype. (IgA is the major antibody isotype required for mucosal immunity.) Promotes tissue repair after local inflammatory reactions (stimulate collagen synthesis and angiogenesis). Membrane-tethered TGF-β can also ...
... Stimulates production of IgA antibodies by inducing B-cells to switch to this isotype. (IgA is the major antibody isotype required for mucosal immunity.) Promotes tissue repair after local inflammatory reactions (stimulate collagen synthesis and angiogenesis). Membrane-tethered TGF-β can also ...
Early steps regulating proliferation and activation in macrophages Ester Sánchez Tilló 2006
... macrophage survival together with up-regulation of class II MHC molecules to trigger T cell responses. In addition, synergistically both LPS and IFN-γ increase microbicidal activity enhancing cytokine and NO production. The macrophage response thus differs from that of T lymphocytes which are in a q ...
... macrophage survival together with up-regulation of class II MHC molecules to trigger T cell responses. In addition, synergistically both LPS and IFN-γ increase microbicidal activity enhancing cytokine and NO production. The macrophage response thus differs from that of T lymphocytes which are in a q ...
ADP Ribosylation Factor is an Essential Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is Encoded by Two Genes.
... protein secretory pathway has recently been described, deduced from the phenotype of yeast ARF mutants (43). In this paper we report the presence of a second ARF gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein functionally homologous to that encoded by ARFI and demonstrate that at least one ...
... protein secretory pathway has recently been described, deduced from the phenotype of yeast ARF mutants (43). In this paper we report the presence of a second ARF gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein functionally homologous to that encoded by ARFI and demonstrate that at least one ...
Two-Component System of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
... Under phosphate-starvation-induction conditions, the Response Regulator (RR) PhoP, and the histidine protein kinase (HK) PhoR, are involved in the induction of Pho-regulon genes including the phoPR operon and genes encoding the major vegetative alkaline phosphatases, phoA and phoB. The PhoP protein ...
... Under phosphate-starvation-induction conditions, the Response Regulator (RR) PhoP, and the histidine protein kinase (HK) PhoR, are involved in the induction of Pho-regulon genes including the phoPR operon and genes encoding the major vegetative alkaline phosphatases, phoA and phoB. The PhoP protein ...
Tolerogenic dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in Crohn’s disease Raquel Cabezón Cabello
... reduced induction of β-defensins HBD2, HBD3 and HBD4 in inflamed colon [9]. Additionally, patients with ileal Crohn’s disease present decreased expression of the Paneth cell-derived α-defensins (HD5 and HD6) [10]. Bacterial encounter The accurate sensing of microbial antigens (Ags) is crucial for th ...
... reduced induction of β-defensins HBD2, HBD3 and HBD4 in inflamed colon [9]. Additionally, patients with ileal Crohn’s disease present decreased expression of the Paneth cell-derived α-defensins (HD5 and HD6) [10]. Bacterial encounter The accurate sensing of microbial antigens (Ags) is crucial for th ...
DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in
... comparatively high frequency of CpG dinucleotides. They usually harbour low levels of DNA methylation but can become hypermethylated; this CGI hypermethylation was demonstrated to abrogate transcription of tumour suppressor genes during tumourigenesis (Jones and Baylin, 2007). Lately, DNA methylatio ...
... comparatively high frequency of CpG dinucleotides. They usually harbour low levels of DNA methylation but can become hypermethylated; this CGI hypermethylation was demonstrated to abrogate transcription of tumour suppressor genes during tumourigenesis (Jones and Baylin, 2007). Lately, DNA methylatio ...
Improving Virus C type 4 Interferon using Bioinformatics Techniques
... Hepatitis C is an infection of the hepatocyte by the virus C .It is the most dangerous type of the hepatitis causing viruses .This is due to its relatively common method of transmission which occurs in 90% of the cases by blood transfusion[2] .This is specifically apparent in Egypt due to our lack o ...
... Hepatitis C is an infection of the hepatocyte by the virus C .It is the most dangerous type of the hepatitis causing viruses .This is due to its relatively common method of transmission which occurs in 90% of the cases by blood transfusion[2] .This is specifically apparent in Egypt due to our lack o ...
SNP
... Polymorphisms (SNPs) the variant sequence type has a frequency of at least 1% in the population. high frequency of SNPs in human genome: estimated ~1 SNP/Kb. ...
... Polymorphisms (SNPs) the variant sequence type has a frequency of at least 1% in the population. high frequency of SNPs in human genome: estimated ~1 SNP/Kb. ...
Protocol For Viral Hepatitis Testing
... The laboratory will test for acute Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. If both anti-HAV and HbsAg are negative, the specimen will automatically be tested for anti-Hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM). In an acute hepatitis B infection, anti-HBc IgM is detectable for a longer time than HbsAg (“windo ...
... The laboratory will test for acute Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. If both anti-HAV and HbsAg are negative, the specimen will automatically be tested for anti-Hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM). In an acute hepatitis B infection, anti-HBc IgM is detectable for a longer time than HbsAg (“windo ...
Induction of protective immunity to Cryptococcal infection in mice by
... pathogen and the resolution of the fungal infection (7–9). It is well established that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays a critical role in anticryptococcal defense, as is evident from the higher prevalence of cryptococcal infections in immunocompromised patients (1). This is recapitulated in anima ...
... pathogen and the resolution of the fungal infection (7–9). It is well established that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays a critical role in anticryptococcal defense, as is evident from the higher prevalence of cryptococcal infections in immunocompromised patients (1). This is recapitulated in anima ...
Activation-induced Cytidine Deaminase in B Cell Immunity and
... are important for the introduction of S region DSBs. AID binds cooperatively with UNG and Msh2-Msh6 to Ig S regions, and this depends on the AID carboxyl-terminus. Stavnezer's group demonstrated that the ability of AID to recruit UNG and Msh2-Msh6 proteins is important for DSB resolution during Ig C ...
... are important for the introduction of S region DSBs. AID binds cooperatively with UNG and Msh2-Msh6 to Ig S regions, and this depends on the AID carboxyl-terminus. Stavnezer's group demonstrated that the ability of AID to recruit UNG and Msh2-Msh6 proteins is important for DSB resolution during Ig C ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The
... exposed to the environment. One litre of pond water include members from all domains of life (virus, bacteria, archaea, eukarya) and contain up to 2 billion bacteria and 1012 virus. Although the majority of microbes appear to exist in peaceful coexistence with Hydra, identification of the sensors to ...
... exposed to the environment. One litre of pond water include members from all domains of life (virus, bacteria, archaea, eukarya) and contain up to 2 billion bacteria and 1012 virus. Although the majority of microbes appear to exist in peaceful coexistence with Hydra, identification of the sensors to ...
Multiplex in-vitro Detection using SERS
... beneficial in obtaining further enhancement in the form of surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). This occurs when the analyte contains a chromophore close in energy to the exciting radiation. However, a dye label can also be used to achieve this enhancement if the chromophore is not p ...
... beneficial in obtaining further enhancement in the form of surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). This occurs when the analyte contains a chromophore close in energy to the exciting radiation. However, a dye label can also be used to achieve this enhancement if the chromophore is not p ...
Evasion of COPD in smokers: at what price? PERSPECTIVE Manuel G. Cosio*
... Central thymic tolerance, through the elimination of selfreactive T-cells and the production of ‘‘natural’’ CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), is the first and essential mechanism for immune regulation and immune tolerance [5]. However, the back-up of the peripheral tolerance system is essential. Ther ...
... Central thymic tolerance, through the elimination of selfreactive T-cells and the production of ‘‘natural’’ CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs), is the first and essential mechanism for immune regulation and immune tolerance [5]. However, the back-up of the peripheral tolerance system is essential. Ther ...
Sleep, Immunity, and Circadian Clocks: A Mechanistic Model
... candidate for communication between sleep and immune regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interaction between sleep, circadian clocks, and the immune system, and present a model of how sleep (loss) may affect immune function at different levels. ...
... candidate for communication between sleep and immune regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interaction between sleep, circadian clocks, and the immune system, and present a model of how sleep (loss) may affect immune function at different levels. ...
Immunotolerance against a foreign antigen transgenically
... techniques were used to generate lines of Tg mice that express soluble (S-) or membrane-bound (M-) hen egg lysozyme (HEL) under the control of the aA-crystallin promoter. The presence of HEL in various organs was determined by the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA), and reverse ...
... techniques were used to generate lines of Tg mice that express soluble (S-) or membrane-bound (M-) hen egg lysozyme (HEL) under the control of the aA-crystallin promoter. The presence of HEL in various organs was determined by the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA), and reverse ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.