2008 LASKER AWARDS for MEDICAL RESEARCH
... Ruvkun sought to identify the portion(s) of lin-14 that lin-4 targets, so he tracked down certain genetic anomalies in lin-14's sequence that underlie excess production of the lin-14 protein. He found that these alterations reside in the area of the gene that follows the protein blueprint, a span ca ...
... Ruvkun sought to identify the portion(s) of lin-14 that lin-4 targets, so he tracked down certain genetic anomalies in lin-14's sequence that underlie excess production of the lin-14 protein. He found that these alterations reside in the area of the gene that follows the protein blueprint, a span ca ...
first of Chapter 11: Gene Regulation
... lac operon model • 2 kinds of genes: structural, regulatory elements. • Polycistronic structural genes, with promoter and operator constitute the lac operon. • Promoter mutants make no lac mRNA. • lacI gene makes a repressor, which binds to the operator. • When operator is ‘repressed’ no transcript ...
... lac operon model • 2 kinds of genes: structural, regulatory elements. • Polycistronic structural genes, with promoter and operator constitute the lac operon. • Promoter mutants make no lac mRNA. • lacI gene makes a repressor, which binds to the operator. • When operator is ‘repressed’ no transcript ...
Multi-Volume Analysis of Nucleic Acids Using the Epoch
... The isolation of DNA and RNA from a wide range of samples provides the starting material for a diverse array of applications. Common samples are: 1. tissues of various origins, including human biopsies, animal models, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections 2. body fluids including blood and bucc ...
... The isolation of DNA and RNA from a wide range of samples provides the starting material for a diverse array of applications. Common samples are: 1. tissues of various origins, including human biopsies, animal models, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections 2. body fluids including blood and bucc ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... amino acids into proteins. Like workers in a factory, each type of RNA molecule specializes in a different aspect of this job. Figure 13–2 shows the three main types of RNA: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. ...
... amino acids into proteins. Like workers in a factory, each type of RNA molecule specializes in a different aspect of this job. Figure 13–2 shows the three main types of RNA: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA. ...
Darnell, JC, Warren, ST and Darnell, RB: The fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP, recognizes G-quartets. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 10:49-52 (2004).
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
... of the protein, which revealed that the FMRP harbors several RNA-binding motifs [Ashley et al., 1993; Gibson et al., 1993; Siomi et al., 1993]. These include two tandem KH domains, so named for their homology to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K, and a less well-defined element consisting of repeats of ...
The Topology of the Possible
... loops destabilize it. Notice that the pairing of two segments necessarily creates a loop. In this abstraction, pairings between positions located in different loops are not allowed. ...
... loops destabilize it. Notice that the pairing of two segments necessarily creates a loop. In this abstraction, pairings between positions located in different loops are not allowed. ...
The Plant Cell
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that have been identified in both animals and plants. Although in animals there is direct evidence implicating particular miRNAs in the control of developmental timing, to date it is not known whether plant miRNAs also play a role in regulating te ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that have been identified in both animals and plants. Although in animals there is direct evidence implicating particular miRNAs in the control of developmental timing, to date it is not known whether plant miRNAs also play a role in regulating te ...
Strategies in the interfield discovery of the mechanism of protein
... studying interrelationships with ribonucleic acid from the other side. It has become quite clear that ribonucleic acid is the connecting link between the hereditary message of the gene and its enzymic expression (Zamecnik, 1962a, p. 47). These molecular biologists and biochemists differed from each ...
... studying interrelationships with ribonucleic acid from the other side. It has become quite clear that ribonucleic acid is the connecting link between the hereditary message of the gene and its enzymic expression (Zamecnik, 1962a, p. 47). These molecular biologists and biochemists differed from each ...
Lecture genes to proteins translation - IIT
... 1 A small ribosomal subunit binds to a molecule of mRNA. In a prokaryotic cell, the mRNA binding site on this subunit recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence on the mRNA just upstream of the start codon. An initiator tRNA, with the anticodon UAC, base-pairs with the start codon, AUG. This tRNA car ...
... 1 A small ribosomal subunit binds to a molecule of mRNA. In a prokaryotic cell, the mRNA binding site on this subunit recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence on the mRNA just upstream of the start codon. An initiator tRNA, with the anticodon UAC, base-pairs with the start codon, AUG. This tRNA car ...
RNA Splicing
... uninterrupted , which requires the primary transcript(pre-mRNA) to be processed. • Nuclear RNA(including pre-mRNA) - much larger than mRNA - very unstable - much greater sequence complexity - known as hnRNA(heterogenous nuclear RNA) ...
... uninterrupted , which requires the primary transcript(pre-mRNA) to be processed. • Nuclear RNA(including pre-mRNA) - much larger than mRNA - very unstable - much greater sequence complexity - known as hnRNA(heterogenous nuclear RNA) ...
Chen-6-Translation
... • Initiation-- once per protein it gets the system in motion • Elongation-- repeated for each codon in the mRNA making a peptide bond • Termination-- finishes and releases the newly synthesized protein ...
... • Initiation-- once per protein it gets the system in motion • Elongation-- repeated for each codon in the mRNA making a peptide bond • Termination-- finishes and releases the newly synthesized protein ...
Ultraconserved Elements in the Human Genome
... with chicken and other species are often not in multiples of three, giving further evidence that these sequences are noncoding (fig. S1, A and B,b). The ultraconserved elements we found in introns seem to have been at one time rather fast-evolving compared to the known coding exons in their genes. W ...
... with chicken and other species are often not in multiples of three, giving further evidence that these sequences are noncoding (fig. S1, A and B,b). The ultraconserved elements we found in introns seem to have been at one time rather fast-evolving compared to the known coding exons in their genes. W ...
Document
... ribosome, it might pass through attenuator region before ribosome had a chance to stall at the tryptophan codons. ...
... ribosome, it might pass through attenuator region before ribosome had a chance to stall at the tryptophan codons. ...
Cloning and characterization in Escherichia coli of the gene
... suggested that these genes were transcribed as a single mRNA. To our knowledge, this is the ¢rst instance where the gene for the principal sigma factor forms an operon with a methylase gene. The amino acid sequence of the putative methylase had motifs for adenine-speci¢c methylases, suggesting the p ...
... suggested that these genes were transcribed as a single mRNA. To our knowledge, this is the ¢rst instance where the gene for the principal sigma factor forms an operon with a methylase gene. The amino acid sequence of the putative methylase had motifs for adenine-speci¢c methylases, suggesting the p ...
Poster
... Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are major targets of antibiotics. While translation is a universally conserved cellular process, the ability of drugs to target prokaryotic ribosomes depends on subtle variations from eukaryotic ribosomes. The ribosome is composed of ribosomal RNA ...
... Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are major targets of antibiotics. While translation is a universally conserved cellular process, the ability of drugs to target prokaryotic ribosomes depends on subtle variations from eukaryotic ribosomes. The ribosome is composed of ribosomal RNA ...
Gene Therapy and Transgenic Animals
... structure into and plasmids introduction 1. Identification Ribozyme-coding has been incorporated and of chemical modifications that retain ribozyme activity and administered, in effect ribozyme gene therapy. enhancing stability to nucleases. ...
... structure into and plasmids introduction 1. Identification Ribozyme-coding has been incorporated and of chemical modifications that retain ribozyme activity and administered, in effect ribozyme gene therapy. enhancing stability to nucleases. ...
SUMMARY The steady state kinetics of initiation of T7 DNA transcrip
... site exhibits a finite affinity for incorrect nucleoside triphosphate (K-L = 2.3 mM) . A similar non specific binding to the 3-OH site could not be demonstrated. INTRODUCTION Transcription of T7 DNA by RNA polymerase holo enzyme from E.coli is specifically initiated at three promotors. The first eve ...
... site exhibits a finite affinity for incorrect nucleoside triphosphate (K-L = 2.3 mM) . A similar non specific binding to the 3-OH site could not be demonstrated. INTRODUCTION Transcription of T7 DNA by RNA polymerase holo enzyme from E.coli is specifically initiated at three promotors. The first eve ...
Giant chromosomes
... contain five long and one short arm radiating from a central point called chromocentre. formed by the fusion of centromeres of all the eight chromosomes found in the cell. Of the 6 arms, the short arm represents the fused IV chromosome and the longest represents the fused sex chromosomes. About 80% ...
... contain five long and one short arm radiating from a central point called chromocentre. formed by the fusion of centromeres of all the eight chromosomes found in the cell. Of the 6 arms, the short arm represents the fused IV chromosome and the longest represents the fused sex chromosomes. About 80% ...
Translation Activity Guide
... Proteins are made by ribosomes (workbenches) that are outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, in a process called protein synthesis. Synthesis refers to linking together individual monomer subunits (nucleotides or amino acids) into a larger polymer (mRNA or protein). How does the information carrie ...
... Proteins are made by ribosomes (workbenches) that are outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, in a process called protein synthesis. Synthesis refers to linking together individual monomer subunits (nucleotides or amino acids) into a larger polymer (mRNA or protein). How does the information carrie ...
NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
... DNA/RNA synthesisprotein synthesiscells proliferate Carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of carbohydrate, lipids and protein Structural component of several essential coenzymes (coA,FAD,NAD+,NADP+) cAMP,cGMP2nd messenger in signal transduction pathway Important regulatory ...
... DNA/RNA synthesisprotein synthesiscells proliferate Carriers of activated intermediates in the synthesis of carbohydrate, lipids and protein Structural component of several essential coenzymes (coA,FAD,NAD+,NADP+) cAMP,cGMP2nd messenger in signal transduction pathway Important regulatory ...
Transcription in Eukaryotes
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
File
... the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA This in turn corresponds to the sequence of amino acid in the polypeptide ...
... the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA This in turn corresponds to the sequence of amino acid in the polypeptide ...
(CH11) Transcription In Eukaryotes (Slides)
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
transcription factor
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
... transcription factories • Chromosome “painting” has shown that each chromosome occupies its own distinct territory in the nucleus. • Transcription decondenses chromatin territories. ...
COYOTE BIOTECH MD-Box
... (1) non-specific fluorescent dyes that intercalate with any doublestranded DNA, and (2) sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that are labelled with a fluorescent reporter which permits detection only after hybridization of the probe with its complementary sequence to quantify ...
... (1) non-specific fluorescent dyes that intercalate with any doublestranded DNA, and (2) sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that are labelled with a fluorescent reporter which permits detection only after hybridization of the probe with its complementary sequence to quantify ...
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function whereby mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) links amino acids together to form proteins.