Article On the Complexity of Chloroplast RNA
... transcribed separately (Monod et al. 1992). Trans-splicing of psaA in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast is a paradigmatic example of the large number and strict substrate specificities of the nucleus-encoded proteins involved in posttranscriptional steps of gene expression in the organelle. The psaA gen ...
... transcribed separately (Monod et al. 1992). Trans-splicing of psaA in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast is a paradigmatic example of the large number and strict substrate specificities of the nucleus-encoded proteins involved in posttranscriptional steps of gene expression in the organelle. The psaA gen ...
Adrenomedullin Gene Expression Is Developmentally Regulated and
... the expression of genes in the ischemic rat brain identified the Adm gene as being up-regulated in response to ischemia (28). Hypoxia has been reported to regulate the transcriptional expression of many genes, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (Epo) genes (24 ...
... the expression of genes in the ischemic rat brain identified the Adm gene as being up-regulated in response to ischemia (28). Hypoxia has been reported to regulate the transcriptional expression of many genes, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (Epo) genes (24 ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... • Location: - - 80 bp • Function: It is the binding site for CTF1 (CAATbinding transcription factor) and C/EBP. The DNA-binding domain of TF1 is rich in basic Aas, and most likely it is in the alpha-helical conformation. C/EBP binds to DNA in a dimer known as leucine zipper. • Eukaryotes frequently ...
... • Location: - - 80 bp • Function: It is the binding site for CTF1 (CAATbinding transcription factor) and C/EBP. The DNA-binding domain of TF1 is rich in basic Aas, and most likely it is in the alpha-helical conformation. C/EBP binds to DNA in a dimer known as leucine zipper. • Eukaryotes frequently ...
Inhibition of RNA Synthesis by Anthracycline Analogs
... and inactivate its template function essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Recently, several structural analogs of these antineoplastic agents have been synthesized and some of them were shown to be considerably more effective against experimental tumors than the parent compounds. The majority of re ...
... and inactivate its template function essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Recently, several structural analogs of these antineoplastic agents have been synthesized and some of them were shown to be considerably more effective against experimental tumors than the parent compounds. The majority of re ...
Nomenclature of Nucleotides and Nucleosides
... and self-mutilation. The basis for the neurologic symptoms is unknown. However, brain cells normally have much higher levels of purine salvage enzymes than other cells and may normally use salvage pathways to a greater extent. Treatment with allopurinol reduces the uric acid formation but does not a ...
... and self-mutilation. The basis for the neurologic symptoms is unknown. However, brain cells normally have much higher levels of purine salvage enzymes than other cells and may normally use salvage pathways to a greater extent. Treatment with allopurinol reduces the uric acid formation but does not a ...
Translational control of regA, a key gene controlling
... An open reading frame that we call ORF2 starts at ATG2 and is the longest ORF in the regA 5⬘ UTR (Fig. 2). It has 142 codons, and the sequence surrounding the AUG shows the highest similarity of all the upstream ORFs of the regA mRNA to the Kozak sequence of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a close relati ...
... An open reading frame that we call ORF2 starts at ATG2 and is the longest ORF in the regA 5⬘ UTR (Fig. 2). It has 142 codons, and the sequence surrounding the AUG shows the highest similarity of all the upstream ORFs of the regA mRNA to the Kozak sequence of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a close relati ...
Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Expressed Sequence
... chromosome (Barr body) and is probably involved in changes in chromatin architecture (Willard and Salz, 1997; Panning and Jaenisch, 1998). It is interesting that Xist is apparently regulated by another ncRNA, an antisense RNA called Tsix (Lee et al., 1999). Drosophila melanogaster achieves dosage co ...
... chromosome (Barr body) and is probably involved in changes in chromatin architecture (Willard and Salz, 1997; Panning and Jaenisch, 1998). It is interesting that Xist is apparently regulated by another ncRNA, an antisense RNA called Tsix (Lee et al., 1999). Drosophila melanogaster achieves dosage co ...
PURINE Lacture
... are transferred from NADPH through a series of sufhydryl groups at the catalytic site of Ribonucleotide Reductase. 2. Active site of RR contains thioredoxin, a 12 kD proteinwith two exposed cysteines, which become oxidized. 3. This ultimately allows for the reduction of ribose. REGULATION 1. Based o ...
... are transferred from NADPH through a series of sufhydryl groups at the catalytic site of Ribonucleotide Reductase. 2. Active site of RR contains thioredoxin, a 12 kD proteinwith two exposed cysteines, which become oxidized. 3. This ultimately allows for the reduction of ribose. REGULATION 1. Based o ...
Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Synthesis in
... monomers having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and medium-chainlength (MCL) PHA consisting of monomers having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Most bacteria accumulate PHA granules of only one type, SCL or MCL. Recently, several bacteria that accumulate SCL-MCL-PHA copolymers have been isolated [6, 18, 22, 24, 29, 37]. ...
... monomers having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and medium-chainlength (MCL) PHA consisting of monomers having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Most bacteria accumulate PHA granules of only one type, SCL or MCL. Recently, several bacteria that accumulate SCL-MCL-PHA copolymers have been isolated [6, 18, 22, 24, 29, 37]. ...
Thesis-1965R-K29r
... RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis within the nucleolus is I ittle, if any. Considering the conflicting information obtained, it is evident that nucleolar resea ...
... RNA in the nucleolus is generally accepted. The types are not agreed on. The transfer of RNA to the cytoplasm seems probable but the method is not apparent. Protein synthesis within the nucleolus is I ittle, if any. Considering the conflicting information obtained, it is evident that nucleolar resea ...
ISH ISH ISH ISH ISH
... This promotes penetration of the probe, but may also lead to unwanted loss of the target RNA Thus, the ratio between the temperature of hybridization and the strength of fixation is very important to obtain an optimal signal ...
... This promotes penetration of the probe, but may also lead to unwanted loss of the target RNA Thus, the ratio between the temperature of hybridization and the strength of fixation is very important to obtain an optimal signal ...
Molecular insights into RNA and DNA helicase evolution from the
... Figure 1. Structure, specificity, and mechanisms of the helicase core of Mss116 and other SF1 and SF2 helicases. (A) Domain architecture and characteristics of helicases belonging to different SF1 and SF2 families (Fairman-Williams et al., 2010). Two other SF1 (Pif1-like and Upf1-like) and four othe ...
... Figure 1. Structure, specificity, and mechanisms of the helicase core of Mss116 and other SF1 and SF2 helicases. (A) Domain architecture and characteristics of helicases belonging to different SF1 and SF2 families (Fairman-Williams et al., 2010). Two other SF1 (Pif1-like and Upf1-like) and four othe ...
X chromosome inactivation- Review
... region in Xist gene and is required for X inactivation Model- Mutually exclusive binding of blocking factor to Xce on one X, and of initiator factor to Xist on other X Marsupials and in mice extraembyonic tissues- paternal X always inactivated in females ...
... region in Xist gene and is required for X inactivation Model- Mutually exclusive binding of blocking factor to Xce on one X, and of initiator factor to Xist on other X Marsupials and in mice extraembyonic tissues- paternal X always inactivated in females ...
Statistical analysis of atomic contacts at RNA– protein
... conclusions are the following: (i) in all three groups of complexes, the most preferred amino acids (Arg, Asn, Ser, Lys) and the less preferred ones (Ala, Ile, Leu, Val) are the same; Trp and Cys are rarely observed (respectively 15 and 5 amino acids in the ensemble of interfaces); (ii) of the total ...
... conclusions are the following: (i) in all three groups of complexes, the most preferred amino acids (Arg, Asn, Ser, Lys) and the less preferred ones (Ala, Ile, Leu, Val) are the same; Trp and Cys are rarely observed (respectively 15 and 5 amino acids in the ensemble of interfaces); (ii) of the total ...
Virp1 Is a Host Protein with a Major Role in Potato - IMBB
... Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that, while not coding for any protein, cause several plant diseases. Viroids rely for their infectious cycle on host proteins, most of which are likely to be involved in endogenous RNA-mediated phenomena. Therefore, characterization of host ...
... Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that, while not coding for any protein, cause several plant diseases. Viroids rely for their infectious cycle on host proteins, most of which are likely to be involved in endogenous RNA-mediated phenomena. Therefore, characterization of host ...
Fulltext PDF
... thymine is the presence of –CH3 group on the 5th carbon in the pyrimidine ring in the latter. What is interesting is that this residue is not incorporated into tRNA during transcription of tRNA gene but is added later as a post-transcriptional modification. It was not known what is present in place ...
... thymine is the presence of –CH3 group on the 5th carbon in the pyrimidine ring in the latter. What is interesting is that this residue is not incorporated into tRNA during transcription of tRNA gene but is added later as a post-transcriptional modification. It was not known what is present in place ...
DNA sequencing revealed a definitive
... Leu Phe Asn Met Tyr Leu Thr Arg Asp Arg Arg Hox 3.2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --Hox 1.7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --XlHbox 6 --- --- --- --- -- --- --- --- --- --- --iab-7 --Ala --- Val Ser Lys Gin Lys --- ...
... Leu Phe Asn Met Tyr Leu Thr Arg Asp Arg Arg Hox 3.2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --Hox 1.7 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --XlHbox 6 --- --- --- --- -- --- --- --- --- --- --iab-7 --Ala --- Val Ser Lys Gin Lys --- ...
Multiple RNA regulatory elements mediate distinct
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
... Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elabo ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... CAP Plus cAMP Action • The open promoter complex does not form even is RNA polymerase has bound the DNA unless the CAP-cAMP complex is also bound ...
... CAP Plus cAMP Action • The open promoter complex does not form even is RNA polymerase has bound the DNA unless the CAP-cAMP complex is also bound ...
Echinomycin binding to alternating AT
... To check the effect of the central CpG step on the binding to (AT)n we have performed similar footprinting experiments on DNA fragments containing central GG steps. Figure 4 presents DNase I digestion and DEPC modification of a fragment containing the sequence (AT)15GG(AT)6 in the presence of echino ...
... To check the effect of the central CpG step on the binding to (AT)n we have performed similar footprinting experiments on DNA fragments containing central GG steps. Figure 4 presents DNase I digestion and DEPC modification of a fragment containing the sequence (AT)15GG(AT)6 in the presence of echino ...
488KB - The Doudna Lab - University of California, Berkeley
... face of the protein. The 65-Å distance between the PAZ domain and the catalytic domain active sites closely matches the length spanned by 25–27 base pairs (bp) of dsRNA, the length of the RNAs produced by G. intestinalis Dicer. This structure, coupled with available biochemical data, has led to a m ...
... face of the protein. The 65-Å distance between the PAZ domain and the catalytic domain active sites closely matches the length spanned by 25–27 base pairs (bp) of dsRNA, the length of the RNAs produced by G. intestinalis Dicer. This structure, coupled with available biochemical data, has led to a m ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.