How does the 50/500 rule apply to MVPs?
... The 50/500 rule has been used as a guiding principle in conservation for assessing minimum viable effective population size (Ne). There is much confusion in the recent literature about how the 500 value should be applied to assess extinction risk and set priorities in conservation biology. Here, we ...
... The 50/500 rule has been used as a guiding principle in conservation for assessing minimum viable effective population size (Ne). There is much confusion in the recent literature about how the 500 value should be applied to assess extinction risk and set priorities in conservation biology. Here, we ...
A pharyngeal jaw evolutionary innovation
... evolutionary innovations in the history of life on Earth, innovative traits rarely show a direct link with increased diversification (6–15). Evolutionary innovations are also traditionally thought to reduce extinction rates (2), but this may not be the case if innovation facilitates the evolution of ...
... evolutionary innovations in the history of life on Earth, innovative traits rarely show a direct link with increased diversification (6–15). Evolutionary innovations are also traditionally thought to reduce extinction rates (2), but this may not be the case if innovation facilitates the evolution of ...
Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction
... conservation concern and those documented to have become extinct in the past 500 years. It has been used repeatedly to assess the impact of individual and multiple threats in the global loss of biodiversity and for specific groups (e.g., Butchart et al. 2004; Gurevitch & Padilla 2004; Clavero & Garc ...
... conservation concern and those documented to have become extinct in the past 500 years. It has been used repeatedly to assess the impact of individual and multiple threats in the global loss of biodiversity and for specific groups (e.g., Butchart et al. 2004; Gurevitch & Padilla 2004; Clavero & Garc ...
State of California State Water Resources Control Board DIVISION OF WATER RIGHTS
... experienced catastrophically low outflow conditions for half of the past 45 years (Figure 3). The long-term decline in populations caused by persistently inadequate flows has been exacerbated by the current drought. In addition, migratory species, including Chinook salmon, steelhead, green sturgeon, ...
... experienced catastrophically low outflow conditions for half of the past 45 years (Figure 3). The long-term decline in populations caused by persistently inadequate flows has been exacerbated by the current drought. In addition, migratory species, including Chinook salmon, steelhead, green sturgeon, ...
The interplay of physical and biotic factors in
... biotic factors determine the differential response of taxa to a physical perturbation, but can be overwhelmed if the perturbation is sufficiently severe or extensive (which helps to explain why mass extinction events can play an important evolutionary role while accounting for only a small fraction ...
... biotic factors determine the differential response of taxa to a physical perturbation, but can be overwhelmed if the perturbation is sufficiently severe or extensive (which helps to explain why mass extinction events can play an important evolutionary role while accounting for only a small fraction ...
Species Selection: Theory and Data
... horns), the fates of those features (how long do horns last, in evolutionary terms), and origination and extinction rates of species and clades (why do clades wax and wane, and do horns determine clade dynamics in some way, or they are carried along in association with other features). Simple extrap ...
... horns), the fates of those features (how long do horns last, in evolutionary terms), and origination and extinction rates of species and clades (why do clades wax and wane, and do horns determine clade dynamics in some way, or they are carried along in association with other features). Simple extrap ...
ppt - eweb.furman.edu
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
Species-Area Relationship for Stream Fishes
... a stream may be viewed conceptually as an archipelago, albeit with two important differences from true islands. First, single patches of habitat are generally too small to support self-sustaining populations of fish. In this regard, stream habitats are analogous to small woodlots for bird population ...
... a stream may be viewed conceptually as an archipelago, albeit with two important differences from true islands. First, single patches of habitat are generally too small to support self-sustaining populations of fish. In this regard, stream habitats are analogous to small woodlots for bird population ...
Food-Web Models Predict Species Abundances in Response to Habitat Change
... upper trophic levels of food webs [1–3]. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that habitat area alone may be insufficient to predict changes in population size. Predictions of ecological models [4,5], patterns of food-web structure in small versus large habitat fragments [6], and recent observ ...
... upper trophic levels of food webs [1–3]. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that habitat area alone may be insufficient to predict changes in population size. Predictions of ecological models [4,5], patterns of food-web structure in small versus large habitat fragments [6], and recent observ ...
Extinction order and altered community structure
... Rapid rates of global biodiversity loss are intensifying the need to understand the consequences for the functioning of ecosystems (Purvis & Hector 2000). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between species richness and function, without including other components of biodiversity ( ...
... Rapid rates of global biodiversity loss are intensifying the need to understand the consequences for the functioning of ecosystems (Purvis & Hector 2000). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between species richness and function, without including other components of biodiversity ( ...
Ecological Consequences of Extinction
... idea that species are segregated into functional groups; those within the same group are predicted to be more expendable in terms of ecosystem function if the remaining species can maintain the same functional role. However, from a functional standpoint, many species may be less expendable than they ...
... idea that species are segregated into functional groups; those within the same group are predicted to be more expendable in terms of ecosystem function if the remaining species can maintain the same functional role. However, from a functional standpoint, many species may be less expendable than they ...
Consequences of low mobility in spatially and temporally
... Olivieri et al. 1995; Ronce & Olivieri 1997). Metapopulation models are vague with regard to spatial pattern, however, and therefore inappropriate to studies of spatial /temporal interactions. Metapopulation models also fail to take account of shifting habitat availability; population extinction is ...
... Olivieri et al. 1995; Ronce & Olivieri 1997). Metapopulation models are vague with regard to spatial pattern, however, and therefore inappropriate to studies of spatial /temporal interactions. Metapopulation models also fail to take account of shifting habitat availability; population extinction is ...
Chap 5 APES
... 1- Population Risk- random variations in population rates (in birth rates and death rates) can cause a species low in abundance to become extinct (butterfly in Colorado mountains only lay their eggs in the buds of a lupine tree. Their was a late snow killing all the buds) 2- Environmental Risk- chan ...
... 1- Population Risk- random variations in population rates (in birth rates and death rates) can cause a species low in abundance to become extinct (butterfly in Colorado mountains only lay their eggs in the buds of a lupine tree. Their was a late snow killing all the buds) 2- Environmental Risk- chan ...
A patch-dynamic framework for food web metacommunities
... The types of food chain configurations possible within a local patch will be determined by the assumptions made regarding the mechanisms that allow for coexistence between consumers on a common resource. The basic model presented here assumes that habitat patches can contain only a single basal reso ...
... The types of food chain configurations possible within a local patch will be determined by the assumptions made regarding the mechanisms that allow for coexistence between consumers on a common resource. The basic model presented here assumes that habitat patches can contain only a single basal reso ...
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.
... Greater sage grouse are among North America’s most magnificent birds. They rival wild turkeys and Europe’s capercaillie for size and charisma. The limit of their geographic range coincides with the boundary of the Great Plains stretching across the western USA and Canada. Males hoot and strut in the ...
... Greater sage grouse are among North America’s most magnificent birds. They rival wild turkeys and Europe’s capercaillie for size and charisma. The limit of their geographic range coincides with the boundary of the Great Plains stretching across the western USA and Canada. Males hoot and strut in the ...
Larsen et al (2005) Ecol Letters pdf
... Rapid rates of global biodiversity loss are intensifying the need to understand the consequences for the functioning of ecosystems (Purvis & Hector 2000). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between species richness and function, without including other components of biodiversity ( ...
... Rapid rates of global biodiversity loss are intensifying the need to understand the consequences for the functioning of ecosystems (Purvis & Hector 2000). Most studies to date have focused on the relationship between species richness and function, without including other components of biodiversity ( ...
Trophically Unique Species Are Vulnerable to Cascading Extinction Linköping University Postprint
... position of the primary extinction is also important but tends to interact with connectance. In sparsely connected communities, extinction of a top predator is less likely to cause secondary extinctions than extinction of a basal species (Borrvall et al. 2000; Quince et al. 2005; Eklöf and Ebenman ...
... position of the primary extinction is also important but tends to interact with connectance. In sparsely connected communities, extinction of a top predator is less likely to cause secondary extinctions than extinction of a basal species (Borrvall et al. 2000; Quince et al. 2005; Eklöf and Ebenman ...
On the integration of biotic interaction and
... SDMs, and most of all must constitute a central principle of a general theory for biogeography. Finally, species are not isolated, they are embedded within complex networks of ecological interactions. While interactions define community ecology, they are less informative for biogeography (Peterson 2 ...
... SDMs, and most of all must constitute a central principle of a general theory for biogeography. Finally, species are not isolated, they are embedded within complex networks of ecological interactions. While interactions define community ecology, they are less informative for biogeography (Peterson 2 ...
Species functional redundancy, random extinctions and the stability
... richness and functional richness can be associated in nature (Vitousek & Hooper 1993; Martinez 1996; Naeem 1998). As case studies accumulate, it is possible that there will be at least one empirical study to corroborate most of the hypothetical patterns, and a posteriori data analysis could then det ...
... richness and functional richness can be associated in nature (Vitousek & Hooper 1993; Martinez 1996; Naeem 1998). As case studies accumulate, it is possible that there will be at least one empirical study to corroborate most of the hypothetical patterns, and a posteriori data analysis could then det ...
Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a
... Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation are key drivers of global species loss. Their effects may be understood by focusing on: (1) individual species and the processes threatening them, and (2) human-perceived landscape patterns and their correlation with species and assemblages. Individua ...
... Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation are key drivers of global species loss. Their effects may be understood by focusing on: (1) individual species and the processes threatening them, and (2) human-perceived landscape patterns and their correlation with species and assemblages. Individua ...
Lecture Outlines Natural Disasters, 5th edition
... • Reproductively isolated by differences from other species • Share common pool of genetic material (genome) • May migrate over broad area mutation of genes may cause reproductive isolation between local populations evolution (Darwin: descent with modification) ...
... • Reproductively isolated by differences from other species • Share common pool of genetic material (genome) • May migrate over broad area mutation of genes may cause reproductive isolation between local populations evolution (Darwin: descent with modification) ...
Human acceleration of animal and plant extinctions: A Late
... of the Industrial Revolution (ca. AD 1800) or the nuclear era of the 1960s (e.g. Crutzen, 2002; Steffen et al., 2007, 2011; Zalasiewicz et al., 2008) acknowledge the evidence for widespread impacts of pre-industrial humans in archeological and historical records. They recognize a wide range of ‘‘pre ...
... of the Industrial Revolution (ca. AD 1800) or the nuclear era of the 1960s (e.g. Crutzen, 2002; Steffen et al., 2007, 2011; Zalasiewicz et al., 2008) acknowledge the evidence for widespread impacts of pre-industrial humans in archeological and historical records. They recognize a wide range of ‘‘pre ...
Complex community and evolutionary responses to habitat
... meta-analysis found increased consumption in edge habitats compared to interiors [8]. Notably, this increased topdown effect was driven primarily by herbivores feeding on plants, and in particular by dietary generalists, not specialists. Further, this meta-analysis found no evidence that higher tr ...
... meta-analysis found increased consumption in edge habitats compared to interiors [8]. Notably, this increased topdown effect was driven primarily by herbivores feeding on plants, and in particular by dietary generalists, not specialists. Further, this meta-analysis found no evidence that higher tr ...
ASSESSING RISKS TO BIODIVERSITY FROM FUTURE
... some cases. The "Buildout" alternative started with the current zoning plans for each municipality and assumed that the full development allowed in each plan would occur. This alternative represented an extreme level of human impact where most remaining undeveloped, but developable, land in Monroe C ...
... some cases. The "Buildout" alternative started with the current zoning plans for each municipality and assumed that the full development allowed in each plan would occur. This alternative represented an extreme level of human impact where most remaining undeveloped, but developable, land in Monroe C ...
Conservation of Hawaiian Forest Birds
... would result in greater pod production resulting in greater Palila reproductive effort. Protecting māmane trees is critical because Palila primarily use large, mature māmane trees for foraging and nesting. In the long-term, fencing and ungulate removal are essential actions to ensure the persistence ...
... would result in greater pod production resulting in greater Palila reproductive effort. Protecting māmane trees is critical because Palila primarily use large, mature māmane trees for foraging and nesting. In the long-term, fencing and ungulate removal are essential actions to ensure the persistence ...