An allometric approach to quantify the extinction vulnerability of
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... 25 years to explain the LQE. Here, we offer a continent-by-continent summary of the LQE, focusing mostly on mammals. We do not discuss Holocene island extinctions in any detail because most researchers accept that anthropogenic factors were pivotal. We evaluate the main hypotheses proposed to explai ...
... 25 years to explain the LQE. Here, we offer a continent-by-continent summary of the LQE, focusing mostly on mammals. We do not discuss Holocene island extinctions in any detail because most researchers accept that anthropogenic factors were pivotal. We evaluate the main hypotheses proposed to explai ...
Evaluating Biodiversity in Fragmented Landscapes
... isolation. According to a number of scientific theories, such as island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) and metapopulation2 dynamics (Hanski, 1998), the reduction in area may lead to increased local extinctions, while increased isolation may cause a reduction in the exchange of individuals ...
... isolation. According to a number of scientific theories, such as island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) and metapopulation2 dynamics (Hanski, 1998), the reduction in area may lead to increased local extinctions, while increased isolation may cause a reduction in the exchange of individuals ...
marine mammals and their environment in the
... Nevertheless, a decrease in prey availability eventually must have an effect on the size of a marine-mammal population. Provided per-capita prey availability remains above a threshold level, a reduction in availability can be compensated for by increasing the amount of time spent foraging. If availa ...
... Nevertheless, a decrease in prey availability eventually must have an effect on the size of a marine-mammal population. Provided per-capita prey availability remains above a threshold level, a reduction in availability can be compensated for by increasing the amount of time spent foraging. If availa ...
bYTEBoss Conservation Ecology PPT
... Case Study: Decline of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker • Red-cockaded woodpeckers require living trees in mature pine forests • They have a complex social structure where one breeding pair has up to four “helper” individuals • This species had been forced into decline by habitat destruction ...
... Case Study: Decline of the Red-Cockaded Woodpecker • Red-cockaded woodpeckers require living trees in mature pine forests • They have a complex social structure where one breeding pair has up to four “helper” individuals • This species had been forced into decline by habitat destruction ...
Sample Chapter 03
... discovered that each island had a small-billed seed generalist and a large-billed seed specialist, matching the availability of seeds on each island. Generalists eat a variety of seeds from different plant species. Specialists feed on seeds of just one plant species. Additional genetic evidence sugg ...
... discovered that each island had a small-billed seed generalist and a large-billed seed specialist, matching the availability of seeds on each island. Generalists eat a variety of seeds from different plant species. Specialists feed on seeds of just one plant species. Additional genetic evidence sugg ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... In North America south of Alaska, 34 Pleistocene genera of megafaunal mammals did not survive into the Holocene; two mammalian orders (Perissodactyla, Proboscidea) were eliminated completely (Table 2, Supplemental Table 1). Six of the extinct genera survived elsewhere, and within genera that survive ...
... In North America south of Alaska, 34 Pleistocene genera of megafaunal mammals did not survive into the Holocene; two mammalian orders (Perissodactyla, Proboscidea) were eliminated completely (Table 2, Supplemental Table 1). Six of the extinct genera survived elsewhere, and within genera that survive ...
Effect of Reproductive Rate on Minimum Habitat Requirements of
... across species (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Bascompte and Sole 1996, Doncaster et al. 1996, Gibbs 1998, With and King 1999, Fahrig 2001; C. H. Flather, M. Bevers, E. Cam, J. Nichols, and J. Sauer, unpublished manuscript). Modeling studies suggest that it depends on landscape factors such as the qua ...
... across species (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Bascompte and Sole 1996, Doncaster et al. 1996, Gibbs 1998, With and King 1999, Fahrig 2001; C. H. Flather, M. Bevers, E. Cam, J. Nichols, and J. Sauer, unpublished manuscript). Modeling studies suggest that it depends on landscape factors such as the qua ...
Tilburg University A paleoeconomic theory of co
... context, the commonly-held co-evolution hypothesis is that prey species were ‘experienced’ (not naïve) in Europe because they had co-evolved with humans and earlier hominids such as Neanderthals, starting at a time when hominids’ hunting skills were relatively undeveloped (Diamond 1997; Leaky and Le ...
... context, the commonly-held co-evolution hypothesis is that prey species were ‘experienced’ (not naïve) in Europe because they had co-evolved with humans and earlier hominids such as Neanderthals, starting at a time when hominids’ hunting skills were relatively undeveloped (Diamond 1997; Leaky and Le ...
Changes in habitat heterogeneity alter marine sessile benthic
... local to regional scales. Contrasting heterogeneity and homogeneity We first used a model that integrated Long Island Sound hydrodynamics with an individual-based model (IBM) with the ability to manipulate life history traits (Hamilton 2005). This model has a very high level of detail relative to a s ...
... local to regional scales. Contrasting heterogeneity and homogeneity We first used a model that integrated Long Island Sound hydrodynamics with an individual-based model (IBM) with the ability to manipulate life history traits (Hamilton 2005). This model has a very high level of detail relative to a s ...
Ecological Decay on Isolated Forest Fragments
... Rodentia) for the effective dispersal of its seeds. Fruiting H. courbaril trees produce 100 to 500 indehiscent, hard, 10±20-cm long pods, each of which contains up to seven seeds. Paca (Agouti paca), peccaries (Peccari spp.) and tapirs (Tapirus spp.) can open H. coubaril pods, but all are seed preda ...
... Rodentia) for the effective dispersal of its seeds. Fruiting H. courbaril trees produce 100 to 500 indehiscent, hard, 10±20-cm long pods, each of which contains up to seven seeds. Paca (Agouti paca), peccaries (Peccari spp.) and tapirs (Tapirus spp.) can open H. coubaril pods, but all are seed preda ...
Enquiry 4 Almost Armageddon!
... deep time. Both the chronology and significance of geologic time are often quite challenging for young people to comprehend, given the enormity of a 4.6 billion year timeline. To help pupils engage with geological time, the investigation begins with defining and exploring the extent of history and p ...
... deep time. Both the chronology and significance of geologic time are often quite challenging for young people to comprehend, given the enormity of a 4.6 billion year timeline. To help pupils engage with geological time, the investigation begins with defining and exploring the extent of history and p ...
Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean
... wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Combined information from direct dating of bone collagen of E. quercinus and A. sylvaticus and from cultural associations provides an adequate framework to establish the chronology of the faunal change and to compare it with the chronological information available on ...
... wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Combined information from direct dating of bone collagen of E. quercinus and A. sylvaticus and from cultural associations provides an adequate framework to establish the chronology of the faunal change and to compare it with the chronological information available on ...
Invasive species
... disease and top-down effects (effects coming from a higher trophic level, that is, from predators) are stronger extinction forces, and threats, than other processes such as competition and bottom-up effects (effects stemming from changes in food type and abundance). For example, although changes in ...
... disease and top-down effects (effects coming from a higher trophic level, that is, from predators) are stronger extinction forces, and threats, than other processes such as competition and bottom-up effects (effects stemming from changes in food type and abundance). For example, although changes in ...
Effects of Climate Change and Habitat Fragmentation on
... Habitat fragmentation and climate change are two anthropogenic impacts considered to be the main threats to biodiversity globally. Fragmentation involves reduction of available habitat area and increased distances between remaining habitat patches, and makes it more difficult for species to colonize ...
... Habitat fragmentation and climate change are two anthropogenic impacts considered to be the main threats to biodiversity globally. Fragmentation involves reduction of available habitat area and increased distances between remaining habitat patches, and makes it more difficult for species to colonize ...
I-HEDGE: determining the optimum complementary sets of taxa for
... contribute to its own score. Also, as laid out clearly by Faith (2008), the above metrics are not designed to identify the best ordering or subset of taxa to protect, since complementarity is not taken into account. For example, two closely related species may both be at high risk of extinction, mea ...
... contribute to its own score. Also, as laid out clearly by Faith (2008), the above metrics are not designed to identify the best ordering or subset of taxa to protect, since complementarity is not taken into account. For example, two closely related species may both be at high risk of extinction, mea ...
Opportunistic exploitation - School of Environmental and Forest
... deaths of sea snakes caught and discarded in trawl fisheries in Australia [47] and accidental snare captures in Newfoundland of endangered marten (Martes americana) while snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are targeted [48]. Incidental exploitation: this mode involves the exploitation of less desirab ...
... deaths of sea snakes caught and discarded in trawl fisheries in Australia [47] and accidental snare captures in Newfoundland of endangered marten (Martes americana) while snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are targeted [48]. Incidental exploitation: this mode involves the exploitation of less desirab ...
pdf - New Zealand Ecological Society
... New Zealand Journal of Ecology (2011) 35(3): 247-253 © New Zealand Ecological Society. ...
... New Zealand Journal of Ecology (2011) 35(3): 247-253 © New Zealand Ecological Society. ...
Land Use, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Integrity
... example, when a natural wetland is drained or an old growth forest is clearcut. Habitat is also lost when it is severely degraded- for example, when water flow into a wetland is partially diverted or a forest is selectively logged. Degradation of large areas of habitat also occurs when patches withi ...
... example, when a natural wetland is drained or an old growth forest is clearcut. Habitat is also lost when it is severely degraded- for example, when water flow into a wetland is partially diverted or a forest is selectively logged. Degradation of large areas of habitat also occurs when patches withi ...
Mean extinction time of populations under toxicant stress and
... due to random fluctuations of environmental factors. The environmental factors include any kind of extrinsic factors that affect survival and reproduction of organisms, e.g., temperature, food level, and predation pressure. Effects of pollutant chemicals directly reduce the potential performance of ...
... due to random fluctuations of environmental factors. The environmental factors include any kind of extrinsic factors that affect survival and reproduction of organisms, e.g., temperature, food level, and predation pressure. Effects of pollutant chemicals directly reduce the potential performance of ...
Chapter 5: Evolution and Community Ecology part A
... ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. Sympatric refers to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places, such a distribution may be the result of sympatric speciation. ...
... ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. Sympatric refers to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places, such a distribution may be the result of sympatric speciation. ...
Impact of maximum sustainable yield on competitive community
... value decreases toward the MSY of one population. In the next example (Fig. 2) we investigate how TMSY affects populations characterized by a considerable difference in biotic potential (r1 ¼1, r2 ¼5). For a relatively small value of ab (ab ¼0.06) TMSY is obtained (Fig. 2a), both populations are pos ...
... value decreases toward the MSY of one population. In the next example (Fig. 2) we investigate how TMSY affects populations characterized by a considerable difference in biotic potential (r1 ¼1, r2 ¼5). For a relatively small value of ab (ab ¼0.06) TMSY is obtained (Fig. 2a), both populations are pos ...
Landscape Ecology and Ecosystems Management
... Aldo Leopold wrote that creating edge and maximizing the amount of interspersion, or the juxtaposition, of habitats was beneficial for wildlife. Held as dogma by wildlife biologists until recently, this philosophy is unfortunately the most overused con3 ...
... Aldo Leopold wrote that creating edge and maximizing the amount of interspersion, or the juxtaposition, of habitats was beneficial for wildlife. Held as dogma by wildlife biologists until recently, this philosophy is unfortunately the most overused con3 ...