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The Scottish Beaver Trial – The effects of beavers on Atlantic
The Scottish Beaver Trial – The effects of beavers on Atlantic

... on lichens beyond areas where felling had occurred. Most felled stems supported oceanic lichen communities including a number of species that are of national and/or international conservation concern (Figure 5). ...
Letter to the Bureau of Land Management
Letter to the Bureau of Land Management

... disturbances, including fire and wind-throw. The total loss of suitable nesting habitat between 1993 and 2013 was estimated to be about 12 percent, or 307,957 acres of the estimated 2.2 million acres of suitable habitat available (Raphael et al. 2011; Falxa and Raphael in press). Nearly all of this ...
pygmy rabbit petition outline
pygmy rabbit petition outline

... BLM Plans to Weaken NEPA and Project Review Escalating Agency Fire Plans and Vegetation Manipulation Threaten Big Sagebrush Habitats Juniper Increases in Big Sagebrush Sites Caused by Grazing Can Not Be “Treated” with Fire Without Killing Sagebrush and Opening Sites to Weed Invasions Increased Herbi ...
Landscape structure, habitat fragmentation, and the ecology of insects
Landscape structure, habitat fragmentation, and the ecology of insects

... in part upon the patch structure of the environment within and among goldenrod fields (Goodwin & Fahrig, 2002). Similarly, the movement of carabid beetles within and among barley fields is reduced by the presence of hedgerows (Mauremooto et al., 1995). Although it is well established that field boun ...
Proposed Listing, Special 4(d) Rule, and Critical Habitat Bi
Proposed Listing, Special 4(d) Rule, and Critical Habitat Bi

... The proposed 4(d) special rule provides that any take of the Bi-State DPS of greater sage-grouse incidental to agricultural activities that are included within a conservation plan developed by the NRCS for private agricultural lands and consistent with NRCS’s Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI), as specifi ...
Canada`s Woodland Caribou - Sustainable Forest Management in
Canada`s Woodland Caribou - Sustainable Forest Management in

... Resource Development and Caribou Forest management practices consider the specific needs of different Woodland Caribou populations across Canada, and most forest companies operating in caribou habitat have some form of access management to limit the effects of humans and predators on caribou. In reg ...
Terrestrial Habitat, Ecosystem and Plants Technical Report
Terrestrial Habitat, Ecosystem and Plants Technical Report

... KEEYASK TRANSMISSION PROJECT ...
Conserving Biodiversity Notes (5.3)
Conserving Biodiversity Notes (5.3)

... species might have to ____________ or they will die.  The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests (deforestation), has a direct impact on global ____________. ...
Large Species Shifts Triggered by Small Forces
Large Species Shifts Triggered by Small Forces

... communities can usually be assembled (fig. 2). These alternative communities are stable in the sense that they are resistant to small immigration (in our model the inflow u) by other species from the pool. Although most communities are stationary equilibria, others take the form of complex cyclic at ...
Theory meets reality: How habitat fragmentation research has
Theory meets reality: How habitat fragmentation research has

... relationships is a litmus test for IBT (Gilbert, 1980; Abbott, 1983) because other biogeographic phenomena, such as the species-area relationship, can arise for reasons aside from those hypothesized by IBT (for example, higher habitat diversity, rather than lower extinction rates, can cause species ...
Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... species might have to relocate or they will die.  The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests (deforestation), has a direct impact on global biodiversity. ...
Palm Springs pocket mouse - Center for Biological Diversity
Palm Springs pocket mouse - Center for Biological Diversity

... of its range (CVAG, 2006). At present potential viable habitat for Palm Springs Pocket Mouse in the Coachella Valley amounts to roughly 142,000 acres, which is increasingly fragmented, and is decreasing in ecological value due to continuing urban sprawl, offroad vehicles, and weeds. The Coachella Va ...
FAQs On The Monarch Butterfly Endangered Species Act Petition
FAQs On The Monarch Butterfly Endangered Species Act Petition

... their migration and other life activities. A new group of pesticides called neonicotinoids or “neonics” that are highly toxic to pollinators and that persist in the environment pose a growing threat to monarchs. Development continues apace. In addition, other threats such as global climate change, w ...
FAQs On The Monarch Butterfly Endangered Species Act
FAQs On The Monarch Butterfly Endangered Species Act

... their migration and other life activities. A new group of pesticides called neonicotinoids or “neonics” that are highly toxic to pollinators and that persist in the environment pose a growing threat to monarchs. Development continues apace. In addition, other threats such as global climate change, w ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation

... its strictest form considers just patch area and isolation, incorporates no external influence beyond the probabilistic arrival of colonists across an inhospitable matrix and no internal patch dynamics beyond probabilistic extinction rates, and is ‘neutral’ to species identities or functional traits ...
Biodiversity as spatial insurance: the effects of habitat fragmentation
Biodiversity as spatial insurance: the effects of habitat fragmentation

... loss. Indeed, strong synergies between habitat fragmentation and climate change are expected (Holt 1990, Travis 2003) and will likely compound the loss of biodiversity at local and regional scales. The threat of widespread and rapid loss of biodiversity across most regions has prompted two decades o ...
Ecological communities in variable environments : dynamics
Ecological communities in variable environments : dynamics

... all species have a positive density at the equilibrium. In mathematics it is possible that a dynamical system has an equilibrium, either partly or entirely, in a negative quadrant. However, this is meaningless in biological systems (species cannot have negative densities) and thus such systems are t ...
Moose Scientific Name - Province of British Columbia
Moose Scientific Name - Province of British Columbia

... Moose feed in a variety of forest types including coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests. Their diet varies with the season. Forage preferences are determined by both the seasonal variations in protein content and by availability. Woody forage is eaten in all seasons, but is more commonly taken in ...
ASPECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION – ANALYSING A
ASPECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION – ANALYSING A

... with increasing amounts of natural vegetation cover) indicating effective site boundaries? 2. Does the double designation and the conservation measures of this site limits will/should the habitat fragmentation process? Scaling land cover conversions from natural vegetation to anthropogenic land cove ...
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the

... Few ideas in ecology enjoy the historical legacy, intuitive appeal, and empirical support as does that of a causal relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity (Elton 1933, MacArthur and MacArthur 1961, Pianka 1966, MacArthur 1972, Ricklefs and Schluter 1993, Rosenzweig 1995). The pa ...
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of

... this period consist primarily of ancient marine organisms, mostly invertebrates (animals without backbones). Terrestrial fossil remains, particularly of vertebrates (animals with backbones), have been very rare. But two ancient fossil vertebrates are of special note. First, Jamaica had its own rhino ...
21 | CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY
21 | CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY

... species of trees is more diverse than a forest that has 10 species of trees wherein just one of those species makes up 95 percent of the trees rather than them being equally distributed. Biologists have also identified alternate measures of biodiversity, some of which are important in planning how t ...
Community Dynamics of Insular Biotas in Space and Time
Community Dynamics of Insular Biotas in Space and Time

... time’ (Whittaker 1998). Hitherto, there are no studies that have examined the stability in nestedness or whether future turnover could be predicted from nestedness. In paper III, I examine whether nestedness and related characteristic of species and islands were stable over a period of some 30 years ...
Food web structure affects the extinction risk of species in ecological
Food web structure affects the extinction risk of species in ecological

... indirect extinctions. The probability of indirect extinctions decreased with number of links. It is concluded that not just the presence of strong interactions but also their position and direction can have profound effects on extinction risk of species. Three principal components, based on 11 diffe ...
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical

... persist in human-dominated ecosystems because protected areas constitute a small fraction of the Earth's surface and because anthropogenic habitats may offer more opportunities for conservation than has been previously thought. We investigated how an important functional group, pollinators (bees; Hy ...
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Extinction debt

In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. Extinction debt occurs because of time delays between impacts on a species, such as destruction of habitat, and the species' ultimate disappearance. For instance, long-lived trees may survive for many years even after reproduction of new trees has become impossible, and thus they may be committed to extinction. Technically, extinction debt generally refers to the number of species in an area likely to go extinct, rather than the prospects of any one species, but colloquially it refers to any occurrence of delayed extinction.In discussions of threats to biodiversity, extinction debt is analogous to the ""climate commitment"" in climate change, which states that inertia will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more greenhouse gasses are emitted. Similarly, the current extinction may continue long after human impacts on species halt.Extinction debt may be local or global, but most examples are local as these are easier to observe and model. It is most likely to be found in long-lived species and species with very specific habitat requirements (specialists). Extinction debt has important implications for conservation, as it implies that species may go extinct due to past habitat destruction, even if continued impacts cease, and that current reserves may not be sufficient to maintain the species that occupy them. Interventions such as habitat restoration may reverse extinction debt.Immigration credit is the corollary to extinction debt. It refers to the number of species likely to immigrate to an area after an event such as the restoration of an ecosystem.
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