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letters - Centre for Social Evolution
letters - Centre for Social Evolution

... sex-determining function by RNAi knockdown experiments. Only csd and the new fem gene, located 12 kb upstream of csd, have sex determination function (Fig. 1b). RNAi-induced knockdowns of fem in females result in a developmental switch to entire male head differentiation (Fig. 1b), whereas knockdown ...
Study on the Genetic Transformation of Gentian by Gene Recombinant
Study on the Genetic Transformation of Gentian by Gene Recombinant

... successfully. We established the genetic transformation system of rol gene, and used Ri plasmid directly ...
Molecular Analysis of the Coprinus cinereus Mating Type A Factor
Molecular Analysis of the Coprinus cinereus Mating Type A Factor

... 1949). In C. cinereus, some of this polymorphism can be explained by the observations of A factor is made up of at DAY(1 960, 1963b) that the least two closely linked subunits, termed (Y and B. T h e functions of(Y and B appear redundantbecause genetic analysis has shown that an allelic difference a ...
Finishing the Human Genome
Finishing the Human Genome

... Doug Brutlag Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry & Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Doug Brutlag 2011 ...
Replication timing and transcriptional control: beyond
Replication timing and transcriptional control: beyond

... Replication timing and subnuclear position Several recent studies suggest that replication timing is re-established in each cell cycle by modifications of chromatin that take place as sequences are re-positioned after mitosis (reviewed in [13,43]). In mammalian cells, the events that establish a rep ...
Complete Characterization of the 3 Mouse Hereditary Hemochromatosis HFE Gene and
Complete Characterization of the 3 Mouse Hereditary Hemochromatosis HFE Gene and

... FIG. 4. Splicing forms of HFE gene in the HepG2 cell line. The initially reported HFE cDNA (U60319) structure is represented at the top. Hatched boxes represent the coding HFE region. The ATG, the Stop codon and the polyadenylation site are indicated. Abbreviations inside the exons: L, peptide leade ...
PDF
PDF

... organizer gene. However, expression analysis of Hr_lhx1 in the ascidian showed that whereas late expression of Hr_lhx1 was detected in the brain from the tailbud stage onward, early expression of Hr_lhx1 was not detectable at the blastula to gastrula stages by WISH (Fig. 1H,I; data not shown). Becau ...
Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a Can Be Converted to Monovinyl
Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a Can Be Converted to Monovinyl

... routes interconnected by 8-vinyl reductases that convert DV-tetrapyrroles to MV-tetrapyrroles by conversion of the vinyl group at position 8 of ring B to the ethyl group (Parham and Rebeiz, 1995; Rebeiz et al., 2003). Most of Chls carry an ethyl group or, less frequently, a vinyl group. For example, ...
Outline
Outline

... 150,000 births a year are diagnosed with PKU, which is about 1/5 of the annual UK births. This population resides mostly in Europe. o Categories for ethnicity ...
J Mol Evol (2007) 65:541–554 - digital
J Mol Evol (2007) 65:541–554 - digital

Lyons/Hewitt/Suchocki/Yeh, CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATED SCIENCE
Lyons/Hewitt/Suchocki/Yeh, CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATED SCIENCE

... The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes. The Human Genome Project sequenced the entire human genome. Over 99.9% of the 3 billion base pairs in the human genome are identical in all humans. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley ...
Hierarchical Text Categorization and Its Evaluation
Hierarchical Text Categorization and Its Evaluation

... What is hierarchical text categorization (HTC) Functional gene annotation requires HTC Ensemble-based learning and AdaBoost Multi-class multi-label AdaBoost Generalized local hierarchical learning method • New global hierarchical learning algorithm • New hierarchical evaluation measure • Application ...
Arc Diagrams: Visualizing Structure in Strings
Arc Diagrams: Visualizing Structure in Strings

... is written in Java, runs efficiently on a low-end (266 Mhz Pentium II) machine, and can create diagrams of sequences of several thousand symbols within seconds. To enumerate repeated patterns, a suffix tree is constructed and traversed twice. In the first pass, repetition regions are identified and ...
Analysis of acid-induced asr gene promoter of Enterobacteriaceae
Analysis of acid-induced asr gene promoter of Enterobacteriaceae

... region upstream –38 does not closely resemble the PhoB binding site (pho box). Transcription factor binding sites in bacterial genomes are usually long, consisting of ~30 bases and variable. Often most of their regulatory sequences are carried in two conserved subregions, each about 6 bases in lengt ...
Exploring Important Biological Concepts Using Biology Workbench
Exploring Important Biological Concepts Using Biology Workbench

... mutations. Due to the relationship among codons in the genetic code, many missense mutations result in the substituted amino acid having properties similar to the original one. A BOXSHADE plot color-codes the alignment by the degree of similarity. Protein Synthesis: Secreted proteins contain a seque ...
Nucleotide sequence analysis - Bioinformatics Unit
Nucleotide sequence analysis - Bioinformatics Unit

... •BLAST  stands  for  Basic  Local  Alignment  Search  Tool.  It  is  used  to  compare  a  novel  sequence  with  those  contained  in  nucleotide  and  protein  databases.  The  emphasis  of  this  tool  is  to  find  regions  of  sequence  similarity.  These  can  yield  clues  about the structure ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • Requires >4 RFLP markers and/or 13 core STR markers • Current backlog of > 600,000 samples As of June, 2004 ...
Functional Annotation
Functional Annotation

... Genome annotation is the process of attaching biological information to genomic sequences. It consists of two main steps: identifying functional elements in the genome: “structural annotation” attaching biological information to these elements: “functional annotation” biologists often use the term “ ...
Phylogenetic Network and Physicochemical Properties of
Phylogenetic Network and Physicochemical Properties of

... hypothesis of selection against mildly deleterious mutations is correct, phylogenetically recent mutations should contain more deleterious mutations and more dissimilar amino acid replacements than the older ones. On the one hand, there are many examples of pathogenic single-nucleotide mutations in ...
Evolution of the genetic code. Emergence of DNA
Evolution of the genetic code. Emergence of DNA

... emergence of DNA is often associated with the genome increase, suggesting that smaller organisms  such as viruses can make do with RNA. This interpretation ignores one low­probability assumption –  it   is   accepted   de   fide   that   a  random  replacement   of   ribose   by   deoxyribose   resu ...
-portal.org Nucleic Acids Research
-portal.org Nucleic Acids Research

... It has previously been shown that oligomerization of P2 Cox is required for its biological activity (17). By analyzing the crystal packing we can show that extensive contacts are formed between the P2 Cox monomers in the crystal. Each monomer interacts with three other monomers to form a helix shape ...
Chapter 28. Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids
Chapter 28. Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids

...  There are other base sequences near the end of the gene that signal a stop  Genes are not necessarily continuous, beginning gene in a section of DNA (an exon) and then resume farther down the chain in another exon, with an intron between that is removed from the mRNA ...
Chapter 28. Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids
Chapter 28. Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids

...  There are other base sequences near the end of the gene that signal a stop  Genes are not necessarily continuous, beginning gene in a section of DNA (an exon) and then resume farther down the chain in another exon, with an intron between that is removed from the mRNA ...
somatic hypermutation of the 5' noncoding region of the Frequent MARTINOrrI*t,
somatic hypermutation of the 5' noncoding region of the Frequent MARTINOrrI*t,

... DLCL (30 cases) and FL (15 cases) was selected for this study (Table 1). This panel included cases displaying germ-line as well as rearranged BCL6 alleles as previously characterized by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA (9). Karyotype information was available for 13 cases which carried normal o ...
biojeopardy evolution
biojeopardy evolution

... A population of birds on the coast range in size from 9-15cm, with the majority of birds being 12 cm. Another population of birds exist on a distant island off the same coastline, but all the birds are 15cm. What is the most likely explanation for difference in sizes of members of these populations ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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