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... of auxin signaling (Guilfoyle and Hagen, 2007; Guilfoyle, 2015). Most of the Aux/IAA proteins contain four conserved domains, namely, Domain I, Domain II, Domain III, and Domain IV. Domain I is an active repression domain containing a conserved LxLxL motif. Domain II contains a conserved degron and ...
An Introduction to Peptide Nucleic Acid
An Introduction to Peptide Nucleic Acid

... although abstract at the point of conception. The pursuit of a neutral backbone drove the design, and the leap to peptide (or amide) chemistry was easy because of the well-established robustness and flexibility of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technology. During the early stages of the design ...
Identifying Common Genetic Variants by High
Identifying Common Genetic Variants by High

... Background: Heteroduplex scanning techniques usually detect all heterozygotes, including common variants not of clinical interest. Methods: We conducted high-resolution melting analysis on the 24 exons of the ACVRL1 and ENG genes implicated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). DNA in samp ...
Molecular Design of Unnatural Base
Molecular Design of Unnatural Base

... for replication. After 10 cycles of PCR with a DNA fragment containing the s–y pair, around 40% of the unnatural base pair was replaced with the natural base pairs. The selectivity of the s–y pair is ~95% per replication (40% of replacement after 10-cycle PCR: 1−0.95 10 = ~0.4), and thus, more than ...
Two concepts of natural selection and their explanatory powers
Two concepts of natural selection and their explanatory powers

... causal connection. This intuition has been captured by Peter Godfrey-Smith’s definition: Y is a replicate of X if and only if: (i) X and Y are similar (in some relevant respects), and (ii) X was causally involved in the production of Y in a way responsible for the similarity of Y to X. (Godfrey-Smit ...
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein
RNA interference pathways display high rates of adaptive protein

... melanogaster, and comparing the result with the known D. simulans assemblies (KS= 0.10 for iterative mapping vs KS=0.12 for the true assembly), and while bias probably remains, it is unlikely to spuriously elevate the inferred rates of one class of genes relative to the other. More generally, our ap ...
Detailed Algorithm of the DBRF
Detailed Algorithm of the DBRF

mic.sgmjournals.org
mic.sgmjournals.org

... chromosome consists of a single circular double-stranded DNA. This was based on genomic DNA organization in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. However, several bacteria have been found to have more than one chromosome; in addition, an unconventional linear structure has also been reported in se ...
Spectrum of [beta] thalassemia mutations and HbF levels in the
Spectrum of [beta] thalassemia mutations and HbF levels in the

... and one compound heterozygote ␤ thal/Hb Newcastle, in 46 Moroccan families with at least one ␤ thalassemia patient is reported. Six major mutations: ␤ 0 39 (C→T), ␤0FsCD8(−AA), ␤+IVS1,nt6 (T→C) and ␤0IVS1,nt1 (G→A), ␤0FsCD6 (−A) and ␤+-29 (A→G) cap site account for 75% of the 86 independent ␤ thal c ...
Select this.
Select this.

... for several reasons: It is a (relatively) stable chemical, which exists in different forms (nucleotides, nucleic acids) As a polymer it can form very long molecules It has a well defined, repetitive structure “Rules” for determining the structure are simple and well-understood Within the molecu ...
Review Synthetic oligonucleotides as RNA mimetics
Review Synthetic oligonucleotides as RNA mimetics

... with complementary RNA strands than do isosequential DNA molecules [ref. 19 and references therein]. The higher thermal stability of the complexes was attributed to the N-type sugar conformations of both strands, as well as to favorable hydration patterns of RNA duplexes [20, 21]. Consequently, RNA- ...
Mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria
Mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria

... The genomes we nowadays observe are the result of a billion year long evolution (36). Each genome consists of one ore more large non-branched polymers (DNA) which encode the genetic information in the sequence of four different “letters”, the so called nucleotides. Mutations constantly change genome ...
Natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit
Natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit

... Downloaded from on June 18, 2017 - Published by www.plantphysiol.org Copyright © 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
Full text - Mathematics & Statistics
Full text - Mathematics & Statistics

... the ith individual. An allele in this context refers to one of the two nucleotides that a child inherits from his or her parents (either A, T, C, or G) and the minor allele of the j th SNP is defined as the allele that occurs less frequently in the overall population with minor allele frequency (MAF ...
Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from
Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from

... ranges (Table 3). Because zinc deficiency is frequently associated with low plasma retinol concentrations (21), we measured plasma zinc concentrations. As shown in Table 3, plasma zinc concentrations were normal in both siblings and their mother. TTR gene analysis A missense mutation of the TTR gene ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... hyperhomocysteinemia, which induces platelet aggregation through promotion of endothelial oxidative damage [8]. Although several mutations within the MTHFR gene were described, C677T and A1298C mutations are the two most common mutations .C677T transition is a missense mutation in the exon 4 of this ...
Primer on Molecular Biology
Primer on Molecular Biology

... • What are chromosomes? It is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of the cell which is made from a long strand of DNA. Different organisms have a different number of chromosomes in their cells. • Thomas Morgan(1920s) - Evidence that genes are located on chromosomes was discovered by genetic ...
DNA
DNA

... • What are chromosomes? It is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of the cell which is made from a long strand of DNA. Different organisms have a different number of chromosomes in their cells. • Thomas Morgan(1920s) - Evidence that genes are located on chromosomes was discovered by genetic ...
Primer on Molecular Biology
Primer on Molecular Biology

... • What are chromosomes? It is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of the cell which is made from a long strand of DNA. Different organisms have a different number of chromosomes in their cells. • Thomas Morgan(1920s) - Evidence that genes are located on chromosomes was discovered by genetic ...
UCSD_PevznerMolecula.. - Purdue University :: Computer Science
UCSD_PevznerMolecula.. - Purdue University :: Computer Science

... • What are chromosomes? It is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of the cell which is made from a long strand of DNA. Different organisms have a different number of chromosomes in their cells. • Thomas Morgan(1920s) - Evidence that genes are located on chromosomes was discovered by genetic ...
Lecture Presentation for Chapter 7
Lecture Presentation for Chapter 7

... Two cis-acting regulatory sequences were identified by studies of the promoter of the herpes simplex virus gene that encodes thymidine kinase. They include TATA and GC boxes. cis-acting regulatory sequences are usually located upstream of the transcription start site. ...
Advances in molecular ecology: tracking trophic links through
Advances in molecular ecology: tracking trophic links through

... (species) it represents. Such secondary DNA analyses (described later) may include sequence BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) searches, high-resolution gel/capillary separation, restriction digestion and DNA denaturation. The second generalized approach to identifying prey DNA from a mixture ...
Nucleic Acids for Ultra-Sensitive Protein Detection
Nucleic Acids for Ultra-Sensitive Protein Detection

... In biological systems, information is passed down from the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to the protein level with RNA as an intermediate. This is known as “the central dogma of molecular biology” [1] and for biological systems there seems to be no escaping this simple fact. In the field of biosensor ...
Association of estrogen receptor β gene polymorphisms with bulimic
Association of estrogen receptor β gene polymorphisms with bulimic

... different weight extremes and identified five different genetic variants. Only two of these appeared at an allele frequency over 1% for the less common allele. These SNPs, 1082 G-A and 1730 A-G, did not display association with the phenotypes under study. These SNPs have later been analyzed for asso ...
High diversity of the `Spumella-like` flagellates: an investigation
High diversity of the `Spumella-like` flagellates: an investigation

... four subsequent cell divisions only. This implies that a significant fraction of at least 10–20% of the original flagellates were able to individually adapt to the laboratory conditions. Successfully isolated strains could be transferred to a permanent culture with two exceptions: Two isolates could ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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