The global repressor FliZ antagonizes gene
... malE, malK) (10). Gel retardation experiments were performed with promoter DNA from selected genes of these groups. FliZ clearly bound to DNA containing promoters of genes, which, like mlrA and yciR, are expressed from sS-dependent promoters and showed negative regulation by FliZ in the microarray e ...
... malE, malK) (10). Gel retardation experiments were performed with promoter DNA from selected genes of these groups. FliZ clearly bound to DNA containing promoters of genes, which, like mlrA and yciR, are expressed from sS-dependent promoters and showed negative regulation by FliZ in the microarray e ...
Detecting multiple DNA human profile from a mosquito blood meal
... Absence of alleles is also commonly found in sample mixtures. Traces at the crime scene are obtained from inanimate objects, such as bottles, as well from living organisms such as mosquitoes and necrophagous larvae. Mixed and degraded samples offer forensic challenge due to imbalanced peaks and limi ...
... Absence of alleles is also commonly found in sample mixtures. Traces at the crime scene are obtained from inanimate objects, such as bottles, as well from living organisms such as mosquitoes and necrophagous larvae. Mixed and degraded samples offer forensic challenge due to imbalanced peaks and limi ...
... regulating the growth of different muscle fibers in fish. Red muscle generally grows slower than white muscle [19] and being a negative regulator of muscle growth, MSTN may act to inhibit red muscle bulk, which in less active fish like the sea bream (Sparidae), red muscle only comprises about 10-15% ...
PART I
... was replaced by the binary system, which is now the standard method for Agrobacterium vector production. This system was developed when it was discovered that the genes responsible for integration might act in trans independent of the presence of the T-region. The binary vector system consists of tw ...
... was replaced by the binary system, which is now the standard method for Agrobacterium vector production. This system was developed when it was discovered that the genes responsible for integration might act in trans independent of the presence of the T-region. The binary vector system consists of tw ...
K -Channel Transgenes Reduce K Currents in Paramecium
... in all descendant cells in each clone and at all clonal ages up to ⵑ20 fissions, but was lost after autogamy. This hyperexcitable behavioral phenotype is striking but unexpected. K⫹ channels normally pass outward currents that repolarize the membrane after depolarization. Therefore, the overexpressi ...
... in all descendant cells in each clone and at all clonal ages up to ⵑ20 fissions, but was lost after autogamy. This hyperexcitable behavioral phenotype is striking but unexpected. K⫹ channels normally pass outward currents that repolarize the membrane after depolarization. Therefore, the overexpressi ...
STM
... All compound leaf species show a reinitiation of transcription of KNOX 1 genes in leaves creating a “meristem-leaf”. Class I KNOX genes have specific functions in compound leaf development that are distinct from their ability to induce shoot meristem formation. ...
... All compound leaf species show a reinitiation of transcription of KNOX 1 genes in leaves creating a “meristem-leaf”. Class I KNOX genes have specific functions in compound leaf development that are distinct from their ability to induce shoot meristem formation. ...
Q4 Lab Biology Final Exam Study Guide
... 41. Explain the purpose of meiosis. 42. Describe the phases of meiosis: 43. Explain the difference between the haploid and diploid number of chromosomes in a cell. What type of cells would be associated with each type of cell? 44. Identify 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis. 45. Describe how ...
... 41. Explain the purpose of meiosis. 42. Describe the phases of meiosis: 43. Explain the difference between the haploid and diploid number of chromosomes in a cell. What type of cells would be associated with each type of cell? 44. Identify 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis. 45. Describe how ...
Mechanical opening of DNA by micromanipulation and force
... having either a digoxygenin or a biotin modified PCR fragment at one extremity and a short nonpalindromic single stranded overhang at the other extremity. The ds-DNA to be opened is a linearized λ-DNA with one extremity capped by a short hairpin oligonucleotide. In a final ligation step, the three p ...
... having either a digoxygenin or a biotin modified PCR fragment at one extremity and a short nonpalindromic single stranded overhang at the other extremity. The ds-DNA to be opened is a linearized λ-DNA with one extremity capped by a short hairpin oligonucleotide. In a final ligation step, the three p ...
Genetic Technology - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... takes advantage of advanced lab equipment that can artificially manufacture short pieces of DNA of any sequence it is programmed to produce. The DNA synthesizer cannot easily make entire genes, but it can make small fragments that can act as primers to DNA replication. If one primer is made for each ...
... takes advantage of advanced lab equipment that can artificially manufacture short pieces of DNA of any sequence it is programmed to produce. The DNA synthesizer cannot easily make entire genes, but it can make small fragments that can act as primers to DNA replication. If one primer is made for each ...
revised Elements of Genetics
... In 1941, George Beadle and Edward Tatum showed that mutations in genes caused errors in certain steps in metabolic pathways. This showed that specific genes code for specific proteins, leading to the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis. Oswald Avery, Collin Macleod, and Maclyn McCarty showed in 1944 t ...
... In 1941, George Beadle and Edward Tatum showed that mutations in genes caused errors in certain steps in metabolic pathways. This showed that specific genes code for specific proteins, leading to the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis. Oswald Avery, Collin Macleod, and Maclyn McCarty showed in 1944 t ...
The amdR product and a CCAAT-binding factor
... shift assays with crude nuclear extracts we show here that the product of one of these regulatory genes, the amdR gene, binds to DNA fragments containing part of the promoter region of the amdS gene. This confirms the earlier prediction from DNA sequence data that amdR encodes a DNA-binding protein ...
... shift assays with crude nuclear extracts we show here that the product of one of these regulatory genes, the amdR gene, binds to DNA fragments containing part of the promoter region of the amdS gene. This confirms the earlier prediction from DNA sequence data that amdR encodes a DNA-binding protein ...
Chromatin-Remodeling and Memory Factors
... 2001). CAC3/p48/MSI1 proteins can bind histones and associate with several other proteins, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), retinoblastoma (Rb)-like proteins and ATP-dependent chromatinremodeling machines (CRMs; Ridgway and Almouzni, 2000), although these interactions are not well understood. ...
... 2001). CAC3/p48/MSI1 proteins can bind histones and associate with several other proteins, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), retinoblastoma (Rb)-like proteins and ATP-dependent chromatinremodeling machines (CRMs; Ridgway and Almouzni, 2000), although these interactions are not well understood. ...
Equality and Equity in Curriculum
... DNA Transcription ● In the cell DNA is transcribed to make mRNA (messenger RNA.) ● RNA is transcribed using the template strand of DNA. ● RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA but uses the nucleotide base Uracil (U) in place of Thymine and ribose in the place of deoxyribose sugar in t ...
... DNA Transcription ● In the cell DNA is transcribed to make mRNA (messenger RNA.) ● RNA is transcribed using the template strand of DNA. ● RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid similar to DNA but uses the nucleotide base Uracil (U) in place of Thymine and ribose in the place of deoxyribose sugar in t ...
Gel electrophoresis of restriction digest
... separating, identifying, and purifying 0.5 to 25Kb DNA fragments. The protocol can be divided into three stages: (1) a gel is prepared with an agarose concentration appropriate for the size of DNA fragments to be separated; (2) the DNA samples are loaded into the sample wells and the gel is run at a ...
... separating, identifying, and purifying 0.5 to 25Kb DNA fragments. The protocol can be divided into three stages: (1) a gel is prepared with an agarose concentration appropriate for the size of DNA fragments to be separated; (2) the DNA samples are loaded into the sample wells and the gel is run at a ...
Recombinant "Paper" Plasmid Background:
... Plasmids that incorporate new DNA are called recombinant plasmida Recombinant plasmids are used In biotechnology to carry DNA that codes for substances, such as human insulin or growlh hormone, into bacteria. Bacteria that contain the recombinant plasmids can then be grown commercially to provide th ...
... Plasmids that incorporate new DNA are called recombinant plasmida Recombinant plasmids are used In biotechnology to carry DNA that codes for substances, such as human insulin or growlh hormone, into bacteria. Bacteria that contain the recombinant plasmids can then be grown commercially to provide th ...
Question 2 (cont.) - Amazon Web Services
... Furthermore, this will not help with persons arrested who are not known to DHA. ...
... Furthermore, this will not help with persons arrested who are not known to DHA. ...
Forward to the special issue on Hox/Tale transcription factors in
... additional levels of control, and recent evidence also suggests that ribosomal proteins may contribute to Hox gene expression. This idea is explored by Soshnikova (this issue) in a review of the mechanisms by which dynamic histone marks along the clusters and higher-order chromatin structure determi ...
... additional levels of control, and recent evidence also suggests that ribosomal proteins may contribute to Hox gene expression. This idea is explored by Soshnikova (this issue) in a review of the mechanisms by which dynamic histone marks along the clusters and higher-order chromatin structure determi ...
A pseudogene cluster in the leader region of the Euglena
... base pairing 1n stem regions. These alternations rendered 1t unable to function normally, and thus this gene was identified as a pseudogene. Similar consideration might also be possible for the DNA segment corresponding to the tRNA Ala gene region, although, in this case, the tRNA A1a anticodon 1s a ...
... base pairing 1n stem regions. These alternations rendered 1t unable to function normally, and thus this gene was identified as a pseudogene. Similar consideration might also be possible for the DNA segment corresponding to the tRNA Ala gene region, although, in this case, the tRNA A1a anticodon 1s a ...
DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular
... population genetics survey requires careful consideration of issues such as sensitivity for the questions being asked and practical measures for obtaining the information (i.e. ease of amplification by PCR). Because mitochondrial DNA markers are haploid and uniparentally inherited, they are frequent ...
... population genetics survey requires careful consideration of issues such as sensitivity for the questions being asked and practical measures for obtaining the information (i.e. ease of amplification by PCR). Because mitochondrial DNA markers are haploid and uniparentally inherited, they are frequent ...
splice sites at the termini generating a novel intron from a dSpm
... from a2-ml (class II state) poly(A) RNA. Two clones were sequenced. Both were found to be polyadenylated and almost full size with respect to the wild-type A2 transcription unit. One clone corresponds in size to the major RNA band of 1.5 kb and the other to the upper (minor) band (Figure 6). The lat ...
... from a2-ml (class II state) poly(A) RNA. Two clones were sequenced. Both were found to be polyadenylated and almost full size with respect to the wild-type A2 transcription unit. One clone corresponds in size to the major RNA band of 1.5 kb and the other to the upper (minor) band (Figure 6). The lat ...
DNA
... ___DNA___ is a _polymer_ made of _repeating_ subunits called _nucleotides_ (the monomer). _Nucleotides_ have three parts: a simple __sugar__, a _phosphate_ __group__, and a _nitrogenous_ ___base___. In DNA there are ___four___ possible _nucleotides_ , each containing one of these four bases. ...
... ___DNA___ is a _polymer_ made of _repeating_ subunits called _nucleotides_ (the monomer). _Nucleotides_ have three parts: a simple __sugar__, a _phosphate_ __group__, and a _nitrogenous_ ___base___. In DNA there are ___four___ possible _nucleotides_ , each containing one of these four bases. ...
Unit VII BioTech/Gen
... at different locations on different chromosomes. Ex: Height, skin color, hair color. Those traits that have many phenotypes outcomes. 17. Recessive Inheritance-A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotype (what you see) is produced only when combined with another recessive (lower case). Ex: bb ...
... at different locations on different chromosomes. Ex: Height, skin color, hair color. Those traits that have many phenotypes outcomes. 17. Recessive Inheritance-A pattern of inheritance in which the phenotype (what you see) is produced only when combined with another recessive (lower case). Ex: bb ...
2015 Biology (Revised) Higher Finalised Marking Instructions
... RNA polymerase aligns/bring in/joins/attaches (free) RNA nucleotides with their complementary bases/nucleotides/partners on DNA (template) /A to U and T to A and C to G/in diagram ...
... RNA polymerase aligns/bring in/joins/attaches (free) RNA nucleotides with their complementary bases/nucleotides/partners on DNA (template) /A to U and T to A and C to G/in diagram ...
Mei-S332, a Drosophila Protein Required for Sister
... were isolated from a testis library and mapped to four transcription units. Only one of these is localized entirely within the 4.2 kb of genomic DNA containing mei-S332 (Figure 16). Northern blot analysis both confirmed that the transcription unit within the 4.2 kb genomic region is that of the mei- ...
... were isolated from a testis library and mapped to four transcription units. Only one of these is localized entirely within the 4.2 kb of genomic DNA containing mei-S332 (Figure 16). Northern blot analysis both confirmed that the transcription unit within the 4.2 kb genomic region is that of the mei- ...
Cytoplasmic N-terminal protein acetylation is required for efficient
... those of wild-type plants (data not shown). Furthermore, in the progeny of all transformants, the wild-type phenotype cosegregated with the transgene. Database searches of the completely sequenced Arabidopsis genome revealed that At2g38130 is a single-copy gene. The predicted coding region is entire ...
... those of wild-type plants (data not shown). Furthermore, in the progeny of all transformants, the wild-type phenotype cosegregated with the transgene. Database searches of the completely sequenced Arabidopsis genome revealed that At2g38130 is a single-copy gene. The predicted coding region is entire ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.