• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
doc BIOL202-16
doc BIOL202-16

... pUC18 vector also have a laz gene (different) than pUC18, a pUC18 vector that has not underwent successful recombination will have the lac Z gene intact because the gene of interest was not inserted into the lac Z gene. In the presence of the dye X-gal, transformed bacteria with a pUC18 vector that ...
Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Please return to the Univ. of Utah cloning website and click on “Click and clone”, here you will simulate the cloning of a mouse named Mimi. Work through the simulation to become familiar with the process. Again, return to the Univ. of Utah cloning website and click on “Why Clone?” List the six way ...
Mobile genetic elements and genome evolution 2014 | SpringerLink
Mobile genetic elements and genome evolution 2014 | SpringerLink

... replaced the 3′ poly (A) signal of an engineered human L1 with a sequence cassette derived from the 3′ end of a long non-coding RNA (MALAT1), which previously was shown ...
Sample Chapter 10: Gene Action and Expression
Sample Chapter 10: Gene Action and Expression

... but join at the initiation of protein synthesis. The larger ribosomal subunit has three types of rRNA molecules, and the small subunit has one. Ribosomal RNA, however, is much more than a structural support. Certain rRNAs catalyze the formation of bonds between amino acids. Such an RNA with enzymati ...
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant vs. Animal Cells

... When working with Punnett squares you must remember the following terms: 1. Genotype means the _______ ________________-the letters! BB or Bb or bb 2. Phenotype means the ____________ outcome-the traits! Brown hair or black hair 3. Heterozygous = having ______________ alleles; the genotype would be ...
- 10EssentialScience
- 10EssentialScience

... Each cell contains the same DNA. The DNA is found inside the nucleus of the cell. ...
Chromatin modifying activity of leukaemia associated fusion proteins
Chromatin modifying activity of leukaemia associated fusion proteins

... cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides, which if located within a gene’s regulatory regions can lead to transcriptional silencing (14). The process of DNA methylation in mammals is carried out by at least three catalytically active DNMT enzymes (15). DNA methylation represses gene transcription by c ...
Organic Molecules Organic Molecules: Each organic molecule is
Organic Molecules Organic Molecules: Each organic molecule is

... Co-Dominance= Both show up in the Phenotype A black cat breeds with a tan cat, and their kittens are all black-and-tan tabby. Set up a Punnett square to show how this could happen. a. What will be the resulting phenotypes [what percent?] b. What will be the resulting genotypes [what percent?] c. Wha ...
Lecture_note_463BI
Lecture_note_463BI

... isoacceptor produced by multiple copies of the normal tRNA gene still present in the genome. Dispersion of multiple copies of each tRNA gene could provide diversity of 5-prime-flanking sequences, which are known to modulate the expression of some human tRNA genes. Tissue-specific or differentiation- ...
deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid

... color, or right/left handedness. ...
viruses - biology3u
viruses - biology3u

...  Also contain RNA as genetic material vs. DNA  When a virus infects a cell, it makes a copy of _____________ from the viral RNA code  Remember, _________ genetic transfer is from DNA to RNA but these viruses ________ the direction of genetic information transfer from normal to ‘_____________’  i ...
Final Exam Spring 2011 STUDY GUIDE
Final Exam Spring 2011 STUDY GUIDE

... Figure 12–7 73. After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ____________________ are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA. 74. A mutation in a series of genes, called the ____________________, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo. 75. A(A ...
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

... eukaryotic cell. Biologists who support the reduction scenario found themselves some powerful evidence. There are the so called Eukaryotic Signature Proteins (ESPs), proteins only found in eukaryotes. In year 2000, they were defined in mitochondria of yeast cells. The implication is simple: the chil ...
Alternative Splicing
Alternative Splicing

... domains correspond to exons. By alternative splicing exons, i.e. protein domains, can be mixed and matched, altering the nature of the protein. By regulating which splice patterns occur in which tissue, an organism fine-tunes the action of a single gene so that it can perform many different roles. T ...
Name
Name

... Estimate the length of the DNA strands in your sample. Write the three numbers below, starting with the longest strand. ...
What makes me tick…tock? June 2012 Lesson 3: How can genetics
What makes me tick…tock? June 2012 Lesson 3: How can genetics

... 2. Make sure to use a different colored backbone pipecleaner so that it is easy to tell the difference between DNA and mRNA. 3. To transcribe your gene, unzip your double-strandedper2 DNA model. 4. Using the template strand, build your corresponding RNA sequence. ***Note: Since uracil replaces thymi ...
Genetic Control of Cell Function
Genetic Control of Cell Function

... the nucleus. Unlike other RNAs, ribosomal RNA is produced in a specialized nuclear structure called the nucleolus. The formed rRNA combines with ribosomal proteins in the nucleus to produce the ribosome, which is then transported into the cytoplasm. On reaching the cytoplasm, most ribosomes become a ...
Combating Allergy and Asthma in Europe: Issues and Perspectives.
Combating Allergy and Asthma in Europe: Issues and Perspectives.

... farm milk and barns (ALEX Study). OR ...
alternative splicing of type ii procollagen gene in the
alternative splicing of type ii procollagen gene in the

... *Kim, T Kyun; +*Kim, H Joong (A-Korea Educational Ministry); *Park, J Sun; *Lee, M Chul; *Seong, S Cheol +*Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea, 82-2760-2970, Fax: 82-2-764-2718, oskim@plaza. ...
DNA - Wise Science
DNA - Wise Science

... • The central dogma for modern biology states that: information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins. • The Central Dogma involves three processes: – Replication – copies DNA. – Transcription – converts DNA message into RNA. – Translation – interprets the message from RNA into a strin ...
A Penetrating Look at stochasticity in Development
A Penetrating Look at stochasticity in Development

... Figure 1. Gene Expression Variability and Incomplete Penetrance (A) The circuit of transcription factors that controls intestinal differentiation. The dotted arrow indicates a putative regulatory interaction between skn-1 and elt-2 based on the altered threshold response observed for one skn-1 alle ...
Exam1 2012 Life Student
Exam1 2012 Life Student

... ____ 88. After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are a. sister chromatids. b. centromeres. c. spindle fibers. d. kinetochores. e. chromatin. ____ 89. Spindle fibers a. are composed of DNA. b. only appear during interphase. c. attach to th ...
Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance
Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

... The large, complex chromosomes of eukaryotes duplicate with each cell division. Whereas a typical bacterium might have 3,000 genes, human cells, for example, have 50,000100,000 (recent evidence shows that there may be as few as 26,000 to 30,000 genes in humans). A gene is a discrete unit of heredita ...
Genetics I Exam 5 Review Sheet - Poultry Science
Genetics I Exam 5 Review Sheet - Poultry Science

... 7. In a normal linkage situation, which testcross offspring are the in highest percentage: the parental or the recombinant types? Why? Know how to use this information to determine the configuration of the F1 parent (aka if the F1 parent was cis or trans). 8. What is the maximum percentage of crossi ...
Big Idea 3 Test Review - Class Pages
Big Idea 3 Test Review - Class Pages

... chromosome. Males only have 1, so whatever allele is on the one chromosome determines the phenotype. Females have two, so they would need two recessive alleles in order to express the recessive phenotype. ...
< 1 ... 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 ... 498 >

Primary transcript



A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report