A newly discovered human -globin gene
... curves. The specificity of each primer and probe was defined by ␣-globin and -globin cDNA templates. For each PCR reaction, 5 ng cDNA made from pooled total RNA was mixed with 2 ⫻ TaqMan Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and 10 pmol each of primer and FAM/ TAMRA-labeled probe, and we ...
... curves. The specificity of each primer and probe was defined by ␣-globin and -globin cDNA templates. For each PCR reaction, 5 ng cDNA made from pooled total RNA was mixed with 2 ⫻ TaqMan Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and 10 pmol each of primer and FAM/ TAMRA-labeled probe, and we ...
Exam 2 Review Guide November 8, 2014, 12:30 pm to 2:30 pm
... Know how glucokinase functions to start glycolysis Know what glycolysis is and where it is located in the cell and what cells undergo this process Know what is needed to input into glycolysis and what is the output Know what the overall gross and net production of ATPs are in glycolysis Know the bas ...
... Know how glucokinase functions to start glycolysis Know what glycolysis is and where it is located in the cell and what cells undergo this process Know what is needed to input into glycolysis and what is the output Know what the overall gross and net production of ATPs are in glycolysis Know the bas ...
Molecular analysis of the operon which encodes the
... restriction enzymes. Southern blotting showed that none gave a single hybridization-positive band, but digestion with BgAI produced two positive bands, of 4 and 6 kb. These fragments were cloned into the BamHI site of pUC18 to give p R P 0 4 and pRPO6 respectively. In this way large flanking regions ...
... restriction enzymes. Southern blotting showed that none gave a single hybridization-positive band, but digestion with BgAI produced two positive bands, of 4 and 6 kb. These fragments were cloned into the BamHI site of pUC18 to give p R P 0 4 and pRPO6 respectively. In this way large flanking regions ...
Inhibition of DNA Synthesis in HeLa Cells by
... In a similar experiment, hydroxyurea was added to synchro nous cells 18 hr after collection, when the majority were in the post-DNA-synthetic (Gì)phase. Subsequent monitoring of cell division (Chart 3B) showed that cells in the treated culture began to divide at the same time as in the control cult ...
... In a similar experiment, hydroxyurea was added to synchro nous cells 18 hr after collection, when the majority were in the post-DNA-synthetic (Gì)phase. Subsequent monitoring of cell division (Chart 3B) showed that cells in the treated culture began to divide at the same time as in the control cult ...
Comparison of Cytochrome C Promoter Activities between the
... oxidative fibers) and the tensor fasciae latae (96% fast glycolytic fibers) muscles, using the direct plasmid injection technique. Rat somatic cytochrome c promoter regions were fused to the 5’ end of firefly luciferase cDNA and the recombinant DNAs were injected into skeletal muscles of young rats ...
... oxidative fibers) and the tensor fasciae latae (96% fast glycolytic fibers) muscles, using the direct plasmid injection technique. Rat somatic cytochrome c promoter regions were fused to the 5’ end of firefly luciferase cDNA and the recombinant DNAs were injected into skeletal muscles of young rats ...
letters The homing endonuclease I-CreI uses three metals
... the presence of calcium; the scissile phosphodiester bond is intact (black arrow). The structure of the cleaved product complex was determined in the presence of magnesium; the scissile phosphodiester bond is fully cleaved and the 5′ phosphate is rotated away from the adjoining ribose sugar. The red ...
... the presence of calcium; the scissile phosphodiester bond is intact (black arrow). The structure of the cleaved product complex was determined in the presence of magnesium; the scissile phosphodiester bond is fully cleaved and the 5′ phosphate is rotated away from the adjoining ribose sugar. The red ...
An accessible database for mouse and human whole transcriptome
... We carried out an automatic primer design procedure to target all possible transcripts and all ‘possible’ exon–exon and intron– exon junctions in the human and mouse transcriptomes. Not all consecutive exon–intron–exon triplets generate ‘possible’ primer pairs (i.e. satisfy the constraints). The res ...
... We carried out an automatic primer design procedure to target all possible transcripts and all ‘possible’ exon–exon and intron– exon junctions in the human and mouse transcriptomes. Not all consecutive exon–intron–exon triplets generate ‘possible’ primer pairs (i.e. satisfy the constraints). The res ...
Use of group-specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction for
... have not been published, but we found each of them to be unique in this region, at least in terms of S a u 3 A I sites (Fig. 2) as well as CviJI (Xia et al., 1987), HaelII, and Hinfl sites (not shown). The S a u 3 A I patterns of most Nebraska BYDV isolates were identical to that of BYDV serotype PA ...
... have not been published, but we found each of them to be unique in this region, at least in terms of S a u 3 A I sites (Fig. 2) as well as CviJI (Xia et al., 1987), HaelII, and Hinfl sites (not shown). The S a u 3 A I patterns of most Nebraska BYDV isolates were identical to that of BYDV serotype PA ...
PDF995, Job 12
... To assure the formation of mRNA transcripts of heterologous coding sequences (cds), vectors carrying their own strong promoter (and possibly a transcriptional terminator) are usually employed in expression cloning. In addition, a rbs followed by a bacterial start codon in favorable spacing (9 bp for ...
... To assure the formation of mRNA transcripts of heterologous coding sequences (cds), vectors carrying their own strong promoter (and possibly a transcriptional terminator) are usually employed in expression cloning. In addition, a rbs followed by a bacterial start codon in favorable spacing (9 bp for ...
LATENT PERIODICITY OF DNA SEQUENCES OF MANY GENES
... clones from the EMBL data bailie The clones with the length less than 1000 bases were not analyzed. An artificial sequence containing 1000 bases was compared with the first 1000 bases of DNA or mRNA clone. Independent variations of the left and right borders were conducted for each artificial sequen ...
... clones from the EMBL data bailie The clones with the length less than 1000 bases were not analyzed. An artificial sequence containing 1000 bases was compared with the first 1000 bases of DNA or mRNA clone. Independent variations of the left and right borders were conducted for each artificial sequen ...
Course Title: Biology A Highly Qualified Teacher: Josh Hansen
... primarily determined by the proteins expressed by genes. 6C: Predict the complementary strand of mRNA given the nucleotide sequence in a single strand of DNA 6D: Describe the steps and structures in the process by which gene sequences are copied to produce proteins. 6E: Describe the molecular proces ...
... primarily determined by the proteins expressed by genes. 6C: Predict the complementary strand of mRNA given the nucleotide sequence in a single strand of DNA 6D: Describe the steps and structures in the process by which gene sequences are copied to produce proteins. 6E: Describe the molecular proces ...
Molecular parasitology in the 21st Century
... the glycosomes [15,16]. Another structure first described in trypanosomatids is the acidocalcisome, an acidic compartment rich in calcium and polyphosphate that has been found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to humans and is involved in phosphorus and cation storage, pH homoeostasis and o ...
... the glycosomes [15,16]. Another structure first described in trypanosomatids is the acidocalcisome, an acidic compartment rich in calcium and polyphosphate that has been found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to humans and is involved in phosphorus and cation storage, pH homoeostasis and o ...
Sickle Cell Disease and Mutations
... Different versions of the same gene are called different alleles. These different alleles share the same general sequence of nucleotides, but they differ in at least one nucleotide in the sequence. Different alleles can result in different characteristics as follows: differences in the nucleotide se ...
... Different versions of the same gene are called different alleles. These different alleles share the same general sequence of nucleotides, but they differ in at least one nucleotide in the sequence. Different alleles can result in different characteristics as follows: differences in the nucleotide se ...
Male gamete biology in flowering plants
... at the DNA level, and the male germ lineage appears to remain sufficiently methylated to prevent TE activation. The production of abundant small RNA species in the male lineage is an interesting parallel with animals [30]. The 24 nt siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated heterochromatinformation pat ...
... at the DNA level, and the male germ lineage appears to remain sufficiently methylated to prevent TE activation. The production of abundant small RNA species in the male lineage is an interesting parallel with animals [30]. The 24 nt siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated heterochromatinformation pat ...
The ECF sigma factors of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
... to specify cell wall glycan synthesis Although E was discovered by virtue of its ability to direct transcription of dagAp2 in vitro, when genetic analysis of sigE began, the activity of this promoter was found to be unaffected in a constructed sigE null mutant (Paget et al., 1999a). Presumably this ...
... to specify cell wall glycan synthesis Although E was discovered by virtue of its ability to direct transcription of dagAp2 in vitro, when genetic analysis of sigE began, the activity of this promoter was found to be unaffected in a constructed sigE null mutant (Paget et al., 1999a). Presumably this ...
File
... Rhesus positive (Rh+ ) is dominant to Rhesus negative (Rh– ). A mother with Rhesus negative blood gives birth to a baby with Rhesus positive blood and there are concerns that subsequent pregnancies will trigger an immune response. What is a possible explanation for why subsequent pregnancies could t ...
... Rhesus positive (Rh+ ) is dominant to Rhesus negative (Rh– ). A mother with Rhesus negative blood gives birth to a baby with Rhesus positive blood and there are concerns that subsequent pregnancies will trigger an immune response. What is a possible explanation for why subsequent pregnancies could t ...
Biotechnology Australia
... Most vaccines are: low doses of dead disease - causing microorganisms; inactivated toxins from disease - causing bacteria; or weakened living diseasecausing organisms that are unable to cause the severe form of the disease. A vaccine is recognised by the body as a foreign substance. The cells of the ...
... Most vaccines are: low doses of dead disease - causing microorganisms; inactivated toxins from disease - causing bacteria; or weakened living diseasecausing organisms that are unable to cause the severe form of the disease. A vaccine is recognised by the body as a foreign substance. The cells of the ...
Lecture 6 Translation
... genetic message encoded in mRNA is decoded and translated. • The mRNA is translated 5’-to-3’, and the polypeptide is made in the N-terminal- to- C-terminal direction. • Amino acids are brought to the ribosomes bound to tRNAs and the amino acids are inserted in the proper sequence due to: – The speci ...
... genetic message encoded in mRNA is decoded and translated. • The mRNA is translated 5’-to-3’, and the polypeptide is made in the N-terminal- to- C-terminal direction. • Amino acids are brought to the ribosomes bound to tRNAs and the amino acids are inserted in the proper sequence due to: – The speci ...
A kinetic proofreading mechanism for disentanglement of
... † Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA ...
... † Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA ...
overview - El Paso High School
... • Silent mutations do not affect protein function. • Loss of function mutations affect protein function and may lead to structural proteins or enzymes that no longer work—almost always recessive. (LINK Silent mutations are a source of neutral alleles in evolution; see Concept 15.2) (See Figure 8.1) ...
... • Silent mutations do not affect protein function. • Loss of function mutations affect protein function and may lead to structural proteins or enzymes that no longer work—almost always recessive. (LINK Silent mutations are a source of neutral alleles in evolution; see Concept 15.2) (See Figure 8.1) ...
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... chromosome in these cells contained more than 1,000 aligned identical DNA molecules. The genes were transcribed at a high rate corresponding to bands with a bloated appearance. The bands stained dark brown in micrograph appeared as sites where a regulatory protein was bound to DNA. Once all Drosophi ...
... chromosome in these cells contained more than 1,000 aligned identical DNA molecules. The genes were transcribed at a high rate corresponding to bands with a bloated appearance. The bands stained dark brown in micrograph appeared as sites where a regulatory protein was bound to DNA. Once all Drosophi ...
Are all genes regulatory genes?
... silencing through microRNAs; see below) and translational regulation (e.g. translation initiation factors) to post-translational modifications (e.g. protein cleavage). For the purpose of this paper, it suffices to consider those genes as regulatory that affect the expression (transcript) levels of o ...
... silencing through microRNAs; see below) and translational regulation (e.g. translation initiation factors) to post-translational modifications (e.g. protein cleavage). For the purpose of this paper, it suffices to consider those genes as regulatory that affect the expression (transcript) levels of o ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.