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Multifactorial Traits
Multifactorial Traits

... “multifactorial” is complex, but we use multifactorial here because it is more precise and is not confused with the general definition of “complex.” The genes of a multifactorial trait are not inherently more complicated than others. They follow Mendel’s laws, but expression of the genes is more diff ...
Plant and Soil
Plant and Soil

... together as their enzyme activities can readily be distinguished. By using the substrate Magenta-glcA, it is possible to obtain magenta coloured nodules containing the gusA-marked strain and by subsequently using the substrate X-gal, following heat-inactivation of endogenous enzymes, blue nodules ar ...
The Pre-Mendelian Era and Mendelism
The Pre-Mendelian Era and Mendelism

... character that expresses itself unchanged in the F1 generation hybrids is dominant: the one that does not appear in F1 but appears in F2 is called recessive. In the above cross threefourths of the F2 progeny show the dominant character and one-fourth the recessive character. Alleles: Factors which c ...
toxicity in bread wheat - BMC Plant Biology
toxicity in bread wheat - BMC Plant Biology

... act as master regulators controlling entire response networks would be the most promising and sustainable approach to modify complex traits in plants as they coordinate the expression of many target genes [21]. Wheat is one of the most important natural allopolyploid species, as it is not only direc ...
Mapping cassava mosaic resistant gene(s) in cassava (Manihot
Mapping cassava mosaic resistant gene(s) in cassava (Manihot

... world. Cassava is monoecious with 36 chromosomes, and is highly heterozygous due to its out-crossing nature. The crop is affected by various diseases and pests. Among them, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is the most serious disease in Africa and India, causing yield loss ranging from 20 to 90 per cent ...
Document
Document

... From comparison of genome sequence to a recombination map made by Lister and Dean, we learned that Arabidopsis has approximately 250 kb per map unit. That represents about 100 genes. For convenience, we aim for map resolution of 0.1 map units, which should represent 25-100 kb and hopefully 10-20 ge ...
The Plant Journal
The Plant Journal

... Of the various defense responses that plants elicit against pathogens, one that is highly sophisticated is the gene for gene interaction between the products of a plant-encoded resistance (R) gene and its corresponding pathogenencoded avirulence (Avr) gene. This interaction triggers programmed cell ...
Influence of industrial contamination on mobile genetic elements
Influence of industrial contamination on mobile genetic elements

... Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Nandi et al., 2004; Stokes et al., 2006; Boucher et al., 2007). Environmental surveys of integron-associated gene cassettes indicate that the majority of cassettes include novel sequences unrelated to known antibiotic resistance genes (Stokes et al., 2001; H ...
Use of GenoType MTBDR plus assay for the detection of
Use of GenoType MTBDR plus assay for the detection of

... it ceases to be sensitive to isoniazid and the enzyme does not lose its enzymatic activity. The mycobacterial cells, having a inhA gene mutation synthesis of mycolic acids, occurs in the presence of isoniazid. It should, however, be noted that commercial molecular tests only take into account those ...
8 PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE |
8 PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE |

... When fertilization occurs between two true-breeding parents that differ by only the characteristic being studied, the process is called a monohybrid cross, and the resulting offspring are called monohybrids. Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for di ...
(S) tet Resistance Determinant Element Containing the Tetracycline
(S) tet Resistance Determinant Element Containing the Tetracycline

... ECL Direct Nucleic Acid Labeling and Detection system (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom). Southern blots were probed with pAM120 (Table 1) and PCR products derived from tet(S), tet(M), and the int and xis genes of Tn916 (Table 1). PCR assays were also carried out as previously d ...
Schlichting, CD and Smith, H
Schlichting, CD and Smith, H

... responses to environmental variation that generate precise and repeatable patterns of gene expression. We highlight the example of responses of plants to variation in light quality and quantity, mediated via the phytochrome genes. Responses to changes in light at particular stages of plants’ life cy ...
Concepts of Biology
Concepts of Biology

... When fertilization occurs between two true-breeding parents that differ by only the characteristic being studied, the process is called a monohybrid cross, and the resulting offspring are called monohybrids. Mendel performed seven types of monohybrid crosses, each involving contrasting traits for di ...
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light

... Figure 2 shows cotyledon cross-sections of mutant and wildtype seedlings growing in the dark and light. The cotyledon expansion in dark-grown cop9 seedlings (Figure 2A) is similar to that of their light-grown siblings (Figure 28) and is significantly greater than that of dark-grown wild-type (Figure ...
Full Text  - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Full Text - Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

... Some bacteria carry a gene (DNA code) named NDM-1, which stands for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1. NDM-1 producing bacteria are resistant to nearly all antibiotics, including carbapenem antibiotics which are also known as antibiotics of the last resort. Because, NDM-1 gene makes the bacterium p ...
MALE STERILITY - public.iastate.edu
MALE STERILITY - public.iastate.edu

... 1. URF13 only toxic to anther cells, even though it is expressed throughout the plant. 2. Some small effects on plant growth and development have been reported (Duvick 1965)–statistically significant 1-3% reductions in plant height, leaf number, and grain yield. 3. URF13 may negatively affect callus ...
PDF
PDF

... of a defined long-term microbial infection on host genome dynamics. Ustilago esculenta is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that belongs to the Ustilago genus of the Ustilaginaceae family. The genus includes smut fungi, such as Ustilago maydis and Ustilago hordei, which cause severe losses in Zea ma ...
GhMYB25-like: a key regulator of early cotton fiber development.
GhMYB25-like: a key regulator of early cotton fiber development.

... would likely impact on gene function. Transgenic cotton with an additional copy of the native gene had an elevated expression of GhMYB25-like in young ovules but, no obvious increase in the number of expanding fiber initial cells suggesting that there may be feedback regulation or other components r ...
Analysis of the root-hair morphogenesis transcriptome reveals the
Analysis of the root-hair morphogenesis transcriptome reveals the

... 1999) and microtubules (Bibikova et al., 1999). It is also characterized by influx of Ca2þ at the tip and a tip-high intracellular Ca2þ gradient (Bibikova et al., 1997; Schiefelbein et al., 1992; Véry and Davies, 2000; Wymer et al., 1997) and requires tip-localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) pro ...
Traits and Families
Traits and Families

... 1) Identify the alleles for the trait and assign symbols to them (use the 1,2 system where 1= dominant allele). 2) Figure out as much as you can about the genotypes of the family members. Write these on your poster. b) If no: 1) How is the pattern in your family different from Mendel’s model? Write ...
Mendel Quiz 1. Who was Gregor Mendel? a) He was Charles
Mendel Quiz 1. Who was Gregor Mendel? a) He was Charles

... a) yellow offspring’s genotype is YY and yellow is the dominant gene. b) yellow offspring’s genotype is Yy and yellow is the dominant gene. c) yellow offspring’s genotype is YY and green is the dominant gene. d) yellow offspring’s genotype is Yy and green is the dominant gene. 7) Assuming Y is the d ...
Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Roots
Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Roots

... host range have been developed as potential VIGS vectors, primarily in the permissive host Nicotiana benthamiana (for review, see Robertson, 2004). These include RNA viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus (Kumagai et al., 1995; Lacomme et al., 2003), potato virus X (PVX; English et al., 1996; Angell ...
Essential role of conserved DUF177A protein in plastid 23S rRNA
Essential role of conserved DUF177A protein in plastid 23S rRNA

... DUF177 proteins are nearly universally conserved in bacteria and plants except the Chlorophyceae algae. Thus far, duf177 mutants in bacteria have not established a function. In contrast, duf177a mutants have embryo lethal phenotypes in maize and Arabidopsis. In maize inbred W22, duf177a mutant embry ...
WMendel`s Worlc
WMendel`s Worlc

... than other plants in the monastery garden. Pea plants are easy to study because they have many traits that exist in only two forms. For example, pea plant stems are either tall or short, but not medium height. Also, garden peas produce a large number of offspring in one generation. Thus, it is easy ...
Word Format - SCSA - School Curriculum and Standards Authority
Word Format - SCSA - School Curriculum and Standards Authority

... Reasons for soil sampling when developing a farm’s soil nutrient plan ...
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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.Farmers have widely adopted GM technology. Between 1996 and 2013, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops increased by a factor of 100, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,750,000 km2 (432 million acres). 10% of the world's croplands were planted with GM crops in 2010. In the US, by 2014, 94% of the planted area of soybeans, 96% of cotton and 93% of corn were genetically modified varieties. In recent years GM crops expanded rapidly in developing countries. In 2013 approximately 18 million farmers grew 54% of worldwide GM crops in developing countries.There is general scientific agreement that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. GM crops also provide a number of ecological benefits. However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
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