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Mendel & Heredity
Mendel & Heredity

... Essential Question: How do organisms reproduce more organisms like themselves? ...
Running title Variation in Barley Brassinosteroid
Running title Variation in Barley Brassinosteroid

... The introduction of dwarfing genes to increase culm sturdiness of cereal crops was crucial for the first “Green Revolution” (Hedden, 2003). The culms of tall cereal crops were not strong enough to support the heavy spikes of high-yielding cultivars, especially under high-nitrogen conditions. As a re ...
Systematic Studies on the Family Cucurbitaceae
Systematic Studies on the Family Cucurbitaceae

... The inheritance of rind color and pattern has been studied since the 1930s. The most common rind colors are solid green (dark, medium, and light), striped (narrow, medium, and wide dark green stripes on a light green background), and gray (medium green lines on a light green background). The genes d ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from

... bacteria may act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes. Because of this, it is important to carry out studies to establish the role played by this microorganism in horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistant genes to intestinal microorganisms and food associated pathogenic bacteria [8]. These ...
6.3 Mendel and Heredity
6.3 Mendel and Heredity

... • Molecular genetics – study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes • Gene – segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait • Letters are used to represent alleles of genes - capital letters refer to dominant alleles ...
Flowering Newsletter bibliography for 2007
Flowering Newsletter bibliography for 2007

... Gallego-Giraldo L, Garcı́a-Martı́nez JL, Moritz T, LópezDı́az I. 2007. Flowering in tobacco needs gibberellins but is not promoted by the levels of active GA1 and GA4 in the apical shoot. Plant Cell Physiology 48, 615–625. Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM. 2007. Reproductive limits of a ...
Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function
Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function

... (Table1), proving that the small aborted fertilized ovules enclosed the homozygous nagk/nagk embryos. Normally fertilized ovules and aborted fertilized ovules were separated from nagk/NAGK plants 5 d after fertilization and then observed by whole-mount clearing technique. In normally fertilized ovul ...
The Evolution of CONSTANS-Like Gene Families
The Evolution of CONSTANS-Like Gene Families

... localizes the protein (Robson et al., 2001). Previous analysis of CO-like genes in Arabidopsis showed that the family is subdivided into three broad groupings (Robson et al., 2001). The first comprised CO and COL1 to COL5 (two B-box genes), the second comprised COL6 to COL8 and COL16 (one B-box gene ...
Evaluation of the Water Stress-Inducible
Evaluation of the Water Stress-Inducible

... Each year more than 50% of global crop yields are lost due to abiotic stresses (Valliyodan and Nguyen, 2006), with water deficit stresses such as drought and high salinity being major contributors. Globally, water deficit stresses have been estimated to be responsible for over $10 billion in lost cr ...
Family Trees
Family Trees

... Charles Darwin, a naturalist who studied plants, performed experiments with self-fertilization and cross-fertilization like Mendel. Darwin concluded that cross-fertilization allows for greater genetic variation by introducing more genes into the gene pool. Genes are parts of DNA that produce specifi ...
A large scale analysis of resistance gene
A large scale analysis of resistance gene

... NBS-encoding regions have been shown to be genetically linked to known R-genes, or indeed to be fragments of known R-genes themselves (Kanazin et al. 1996; Yu et al. 1996; Aarts et al. 1998; Collins et al. 1998, 1999, 2001; Shen et al. 1998; Hayes and SaghaiMaroof 2000; Donald et al. 2002; Peñuela ...
Regulation and Flexibility of Genomic Imprinting
Regulation and Flexibility of Genomic Imprinting

... erased and reset in the germ line for the next generation. Genomic imprinting seems to irreversibly set the epigenetic state of certain parental alleles during gametogenesis in animals. As a result, it prevents normal development of gyno- and androgenotes, which carry two maternal or paternal genome ...
E.coli
E.coli

... material has been removed) to verify if it can direct normal functional activities of the organism. ...
comparing quantitative trait loci and gene expression data
comparing quantitative trait loci and gene expression data

... QTL and microarray data is not completely straightforward. First, the estimated range of QTL positions is generally wide, containing thousands of putative genes. However, QTL analysis may also miss some interesting genes (Wayne and Mclntyre, 2002). Second, the high level of experimental error and li ...
Conditions of licence - DIR 023/2002
Conditions of licence - DIR 023/2002

... and Veterinary Chemicals Code (1994) definition of an agricultural chemical product, due to its production of an insecticidal substance, and therefore is subject to regulation by the APVMA (the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, formerly the National Registration Authority for ...
Author`s personal copy - Real Jardín Botánico
Author`s personal copy - Real Jardín Botánico

... arranged or the 5S rDNA forms a separate cluster of its own. Generalizations based on data derived from just a few model organisms have led to a superimposition of structural and evolutionary traits to the entire plant kingdom asserting that plants generally possess separate arrays. This study revea ...
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建

... control exist(Alencar et al, 1975; Albuquerque et al, 1987). Genetic resistance is the most suitable strategy to control these pathogens in the field and there are sources of resistance to both of them in wild clones germplasm. However, breeding for pathogen resistance in hevea is limited by the lon ...
Chapter 10: Mendel and Meiosis
Chapter 10: Mendel and Meiosis

... pea plant with pollen from a short pea plant that was less than two feet tall and which came from a population of pea plants that were all short. When he planted the seeds from this cross, he found that all of the offspring grew to be as tall as the taller parent. In this first generation, it was as ...
Chromosomal aberrations in oats, Avena sativa L
Chromosomal aberrations in oats, Avena sativa L

... The importance of chromosome aberrations in cytogenetic studies has been demonstrated many times in recent years. Of the various cytological anomalies which are useful in locating genes in both tibeoretical ...
VCR 221 - Potato - UC Davis Plant Sciences
VCR 221 - Potato - UC Davis Plant Sciences

... open pollinated true-potato-seed families. Potato Res. 28:35-42. Kikuchi, S., X. Liu, W.B. Frommer, M. Koster-Topfer and L. Willmitzer. 1991. Identification and structural characterization of further DNA elements in the potato and pepper genomes homologous to the transposable elementlike insertion T ...
Epigenetic Control of Apomixis
Epigenetic Control of Apomixis

... development of new varieties for enhanced yield/quality. Clonal multiplication of a superior genotype has been successful via vegetative propagation; however, it does not work in case of annual crops like rice, wheat and maize. Interestingly, fixing of genotype occurs naturally in certain plant spec ...
Chapter 10 - Public Schools of Robeson County
Chapter 10 - Public Schools of Robeson County

... pea plant with pollen from a short pea plant that was less than two feet tall and which came from a population of pea plants that were all short. When he planted the seeds from this cross, he found that all of the offspring grew to be as tall as the taller parent. In this first generation, it was as ...
Analysis of Clines with Variable Selection and Variable Migration
Analysis of Clines with Variable Selection and Variable Migration

... ments of gene flow. The former corresponds to the measure of a life-history trait, while the latter reveals the history of migration as recorded in the genetic structure of population (Slatkin 1985). As a consequence, migration is often envisioned in a dichotomous way, being either a process driving ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer between Bacteria
Horizontal Gene Transfer between Bacteria

... ‘Genetic material’ refers to any fraction of the genome (DNA or RNA), usually a gene or part thereof, which can include coding and/or non-coding sequences. ‘Organism’, as used here, includes cellular organism or replication competent virus. ‘Reproduction’ refers to the generation of offspring sexual ...
Allelic Variation at the Rht8 Locus in a 19th
Allelic Variation at the Rht8 Locus in a 19th

... base pairs larger than WMS261-164 bp or WMS261-174 bp, but in accordance with Schmidt et al. [9] we did not consider them as distinct alleles, but a result of slippage or “stutter”. Our choice of samples is in many ways comparable with those of previous studies [9, 10, 15] in that it comprises of a ...
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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.Farmers have widely adopted GM technology. Between 1996 and 2013, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops increased by a factor of 100, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,750,000 km2 (432 million acres). 10% of the world's croplands were planted with GM crops in 2010. In the US, by 2014, 94% of the planted area of soybeans, 96% of cotton and 93% of corn were genetically modified varieties. In recent years GM crops expanded rapidly in developing countries. In 2013 approximately 18 million farmers grew 54% of worldwide GM crops in developing countries.There is general scientific agreement that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. GM crops also provide a number of ecological benefits. However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
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