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A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes
A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes

... mainly responsible for the large number of tDNAs per Mb found for chromosome 1. The other four chromosomes also have a higher number of tDNAs per Mb (mean 4) compared to the other plant species. Overall, this explains the larger number of tRNAs in A. thaliana, and may reflect a stronger general tend ...
Induced chromosome doubling in plants
Induced chromosome doubling in plants

... plants are capable of groWing to maturity but are generally sterile. There are several knoWn methods of generating hap ...
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae

... history, than plasmids could be considered as live organism in spite of their simple structure (1). Plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA were at first identified in bacteria from genus Enterobacteriacae; after that they were discovered in almost every single strain observed (2). They were also found in so ...
Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics
Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics

... inherited by the recombinant offspring. Such distortion is usually due to selection against the alternative allele. Tests of 1106 low-density SNP markers in NAM showed fully 54% of them to have consistent segregation distortion across subfamilies. These effects were significant but small, with most ...
A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance
A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance

... Salt tolerance in the Tritiaceae is associated with sodium exclusion (Shah et al. 1987; Gorham et al. 1990; Husain et al. 2003). Bread wheat (hexaploid) cultivars have very low rates of Na+ transport to the shoot, and maintain a high K+ / Na+ ratio in leaves (Shah et al. 1987; Gorham et al. 1987). T ...
The cost of antibiotic resistance depends on evolutionary history
The cost of antibiotic resistance depends on evolutionary history

... Background: The persistence of antibiotic resistance depends on the fitness effects of resistance elements in the absence of antibiotics. Recent work shows that the fitness effect of a given resistance mutation is influenced by other resistance mutations on the same genome. However, resistant bacter ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... Induction by Rhizobium bacteria of symbiotic nitrogenfixing root nodules on leguminous plants is a host-specific process; e.g., R. leguminosarum bv. viciae nodulates common vetch, pea, sweet pea, and lentil but not clover or bean, whereas R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii nodulates only clover. Many gen ...
Cytoplasmic male sterility
Cytoplasmic male sterility

... In spikes under bags, partial fertility in the F1 hybrid 79BS14-3/Adorra was also found in the 1981 season (Table 1). The FI hybrid msml/l2*Adorra// 79BS14-3 had a significantly (P < 0.001) lower seed set than 79BS14-3/Adorra. These two cross combinations are isogenic, differing only in their cytopl ...
A Feeling for the Organism — Life and Work of Barbara McClintock
A Feeling for the Organism — Life and Work of Barbara McClintock

... In my review of Book 3 of the Series, The Space of Love, I wrote that the chemical exudations of a human who is planting seeds and cultivating the plants create plants which have adjusted their nutrients to the requirements of that human's physiology. The plants grown by one's own hand can act as a ...
Polygenic inheritance of fruit size in red pepper
Polygenic inheritance of fruit size in red pepper

... polygenic or Quantitatlre charsicters are definef? as those measurable characters which are controlled by a large number of genes usually with small IndlTidual effects. ...
Salmonella
Salmonella

... with Cryptosporidium did not change significantly. The incidence of Vibrio infection has been increasing since approximately 2001 and the most marked decreases in Campylobacter, Listeria, and Salmonella infections occurred before 2004. The incidence of STEC O157 infection in 2009 was similar to that ...
Efficiency of gene silencing in Arabidopsis
Efficiency of gene silencing in Arabidopsis

... frequently produced. The flowers in P2 did not develop siliques in plants grown at 15 °C. P1 comprised phenotypes intermediate between P0 and P2. Scale bars = 1.6, 2.0 and 2.5 mm (top row) and 2.0, 2.0 and 2.5 mm (bottom row), respectively. (b) Relative RT-PCR of AP1 transcripts isolated from inflor ...
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF

... resistance genes, little is known about the structure and function of quantitative resistance ...
Phosphate Utilization Efficiency Correlates with Expression of Low
Phosphate Utilization Efficiency Correlates with Expression of Low

... analyses of transcript levels of high- and low-affinity PHT1 Pi transporters in four barley genotypes differing in PAE. The results showed that there was no clear pattern in the expression of four paralogs of the high-affinity Pi transporter HvPHT1;1 among the four barley genotypes, but the expressi ...
Standard
Standard

... to R108 wild-type plants (Figure 1a–c and Table S1 in Supporting Information). The results indicated that spring2 and spring3 conferred dominant early flowering in LD. F1 plants flowered at a similar time to the spring parent and much earlier than R108 when flowering was measured in days after germi ...
chapter 11 section 1 notes
chapter 11 section 1 notes

... During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as fertilization to produce a new cell. In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encased within a seed. Pea flowers are normally self-pollinating, which means that sperm cells fertilize egg cells from wi ...
Background – Tef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia, where the
Background – Tef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia, where the

... Case Study – As a rural development worker in a northern Ethiopian highland village, you are concerned by a trend you have observed over the past few years in your local community: rains have become less frequent and somewhat unpredictable, and temperatures, on average, have been slightly higher th ...
Natural Variation in Sensitivity to a Loss of Chloroplast Translation in
Natural Variation in Sensitivity to a Loss of Chloroplast Translation in

... we crossed Tsu-0 plants with emb/EMB heterozygotes. A dominant Tsu-0 suppressor unlinked to the EMB locus should enable 75% of the mutant seeds in siliques of selfed F1 heterozygotes to reach a later stage of development. In addition, three classes of F2 heterozygotes are expected in the next genera ...
A Conserved Molecular Framework for Compound Leaf Development
A Conserved Molecular Framework for Compound Leaf Development

... In A. caerula, AcNAM and AcCUC3 are expressed at the boundaries between leaf primordia (lp) and the meristem (m) during the formation of the rosette leaves (A, B) and after bolting (C). In the floral meristem (fm), AcNAM marks the boundary of the numerous stamen primordia (stp, D). In the vegetative ...
Genomic dissection of plant development and its
Genomic dissection of plant development and its

... We applied Model B on trait BLUEs as outlined in detail by Liu et al. (2011). This model was found to be most suited for carrying out genome-wide association study (GWAS) with multiple families (Würschum et al., 2012) and has already been shown to work properly in HEB-25 (Maurer et al., 2015). It is ...
Lecture Script for “Teaching Genetic Linkage and
Lecture Script for “Teaching Genetic Linkage and

... these genes. In fact, for many plants, the entire genome sequence is already available.” “However, knowing the genome sequence does NOT mean that we know all of the genes in the genome, much less the identity of the gene(s) for the trait in which we are interested. So, if a random mutant plant has a ...
Pea Taste Slides - Evo-Ed
Pea Taste Slides - Evo-Ed

... These slides are provided as a teaching resource. You are encouraged to modify them to meet your specific teaching and learning needs. Please adhere to the copyright conditions specified on the following slide. There is a reference slide at the end of the presentation that lists the sources for the ...
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress

... status at some loci was targeted and changed at high frequency, whereas CpG methylation at other loci never changed [44]. Although methylation changes do not occur at a high frequency in newly synthesized cotton [45], Keyte et al. [46] examined cytosine methylation in several Gossypium hirsutum (co ...
Expression of the six chromate ion transporter
Expression of the six chromate ion transporter

... fragments were purified using the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega) and ligated into the pGEM-T vector. Recombinant plasmids were transferred by electroporation to E. coli JM101, selecting transformants on LB agar plates with 100 mg ampicillin ml21. The cloning process was verified by ...
Genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana
Genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana

... regulated by CRY1 since plants with mutations in the CRY1 gene (cry1 mutants) have long hypocotyls even when grown under blue light. The cry1 mutation that you will study in this laboratory is a deletion mutation - a portion of the CRY1 gene has been deleted. ...
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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.Farmers have widely adopted GM technology. Between 1996 and 2013, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops increased by a factor of 100, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,750,000 km2 (432 million acres). 10% of the world's croplands were planted with GM crops in 2010. In the US, by 2014, 94% of the planted area of soybeans, 96% of cotton and 93% of corn were genetically modified varieties. In recent years GM crops expanded rapidly in developing countries. In 2013 approximately 18 million farmers grew 54% of worldwide GM crops in developing countries.There is general scientific agreement that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. GM crops also provide a number of ecological benefits. However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
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