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PDF - Blood Journal
PDF - Blood Journal

... region of chromosome 16 with a constitutively open chromatin structure in all cell types. The genes have methylation-free CpG islands, and the major regulatory element (␣-MRE) is a single erythroid-specific DNaseI hypersensitive site located in the intron of a ubiquitously expressed gene, some 40 kb ...
Harnessing gene expression to identify the genetic basis of drug
Harnessing gene expression to identify the genetic basis of drug

... Box 1 (A) Growth in the presence of a subset of drugs is represented by the heat map on the left (blue corresponds to low growth yield and yellow to high growth yield). Each row represents the data for a single drug (SMP10 is 1,9-pyrazoloanthone, DFI is diphenyliodonium and SK&F is SK&F 96365) and e ...
module 8- lecture 1 gene therapy: introduction and methods
module 8- lecture 1 gene therapy: introduction and methods

... Gene therapy is a novel treatment method which utilizes genes or short oligonucleotide sequences as therapeutic molecules, instead of conventional drug compounds. This technique is widely used to treat those defective genes which contribute to disease development. Gene therapy involves the introduct ...
Eds., Y. Murakami, K. Nakayama, S.-I. Kitamura, H. Iwata and... © by TERRAPUB, 2008.
Eds., Y. Murakami, K. Nakayama, S.-I. Kitamura, H. Iwata and... © by TERRAPUB, 2008.

... This study indicated that the transfer of tet(M) gene from marine bacteria to human enteric bacteria occurred by a conjugation-like mechanism rather than transformation or transduction. Transfer occurred only when the donor and recipient cell contacted. Conjugation is well studied mechanism and resp ...
The expression of a chromoplast-specific lycopene beta cyclase
The expression of a chromoplast-specific lycopene beta cyclase

... transcription patterns in different C. sativus tissues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both proteins are located in different groups: CstLcyB2a encodes chromoplast-specific lycopene cyclases, with an expression analysis showing strongly in flower stigmas where it activates and boosts b-carotene a ...
Effect of microaerobiosis
Effect of microaerobiosis

... understanding the regulation of photosynthesis (Summerfield et al., 2011). On the scale of complexity of photosynthesis, contemporary cyanobacteria, resembles closely to higher plants (Mulkidjanian et al., 2006). The cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is a multiplex cumulative process performed ...
LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY DUE TO SHORT-TRACT AND LONG-TRACT SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Thomas Coates
LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY DUE TO SHORT-TRACT AND LONG-TRACT SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE Thomas Coates

... Tumours that are able to metastasize are termed malignant tumours, or cancers. Tumours that are not able metastasize are termed benign tumours. Benign tumours may be cause for threat due to their location (i.e. the brain), but it is malignant cancers that are more often the cause of disability and d ...
Biology 22 Problem Set 1 Spring 2003
Biology 22 Problem Set 1 Spring 2003

... The X-linked dominant allele G prevents the disease. A straight hairline is inherited with the autosomal recessive allele w. Individuals with the autosomal dominant allele W have a widow’s peak, where the hairline comes to a v-shape in the middle of the forehead. a. Robert has a widow’s peak and CDG ...
Standard Mutation Nomenclature in Molecular Diagnostics
Standard Mutation Nomenclature in Molecular Diagnostics

... the DNA level, and we usually identify mutations at the DNA level in a clinical genetic testing. Descriptions at the amino acid level are usually inferred with no experimental proof and are not unequivocal because amino acid codes are degenerate. For example, the most common CFTR mutation, p.Phe508d ...
Molecular function - SGD-Wiki - Saccharomyces Genome Database
Molecular function - SGD-Wiki - Saccharomyces Genome Database

... History and background How to stay current Basic org. (homepage, search, LSP) Tabs, access to detailed info (sequence, gene ontology, phenotype, interaction, expression and ...
Mapping strategies for sequence reads (with focus on RNA-seq)
Mapping strategies for sequence reads (with focus on RNA-seq)

... uires a set of known junctions from the reference ond, the QPALMA pipeline’s initial mapping phase ...
Woolfe, 2005
Woolfe, 2005

... Human and Fugu Fugu has 1/8 genome size of human but similar gene repertoire Fugu’s developmental blueprint is very similar to Human ...
A Yale geneticist and a Chinese lab are creating the Amazon.com of
A Yale geneticist and a Chinese lab are creating the Amazon.com of

... similar goal—a complete library absorbing nutrients in its digestive system. It is born of knockout mice—it is unclear with chronic diarrhea and ultimately dies after sufwhether Xu’s mice will become fering many of the same symptoms seen in starving the favored research animals or children. Xu think ...
Mendelian Terminology
Mendelian Terminology

... has an equal chance of receiving either one of the alleles. The 3rd thing the law of independent assortment, that genes on different chromosomes end up in gametes independently from ...
Dr Michelle Murrow - cutis laxa internationale
Dr Michelle Murrow - cutis laxa internationale

... Diagnosis of cutis laxa Genetics of cutis laxa Finding cutis laxa genes Finding out what cutis laxa genes do Fixing problems caused by changes in cutis laxa genes • Invitation to participate in our study ...
20060710_GOannotCamp_Stanford
20060710_GOannotCamp_Stanford

...  Get intersection of genes from three approaches and use these  This is not necessarily a complete set but is a good starting point (a starting set of a few hundred genes would be good.)  See how big the resulting gene sets are and go from there.  Single ortholog per human gene, 1:1, best hit on ...
The Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium aceticum: a
The Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium aceticum: a

... which Rnf was first discovered), are present (CACET_c16320CACET_c16370). As C. aceticum does not show a sodium dependence and its ATPase (encoded by CACET_c02130CACET_c02220) does not contain an Na⫹-liganding amino acid motif (23, 24), the Rnf complex probably generates a proton gradient, as found f ...
Cloning and functional analysis of the chitinase gene promoter in
Cloning and functional analysis of the chitinase gene promoter in

... Peanut plants are often attacked by pathogens that cause diseases such as mesh spot, leaf spot, black rot, rust, and bacterial wilt. These diseases reduce seed quality and yield; unfortunately, peanut germplasm resources with high resistance to disease are rare (Wang and Zhang, 2013). One solution t ...
Lophotrochozoan relationships and parasites. A snap-shot
Lophotrochozoan relationships and parasites. A snap-shot

... recovered for these taxa (e.g. Bleidorn et al., 2003). Some researchers consider molluscs closely related to annelids (e.g. Nielsen, 2001) – a hypothesis which is congruent with recent phylogenomic analyses (Baurain et al., 2007, Philippe et al., 2005). de Meeus & Renaud (2002) listed more than 6,00 ...
Abstract - American Life Science Pharmaceuticals
Abstract - American Life Science Pharmaceuticals

... Drug treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be developed by validation of new drug targets and demonstration that compounds directed to such targets are efficacious in TBI animal models using clinically relevant methods. The cysteine protease cathepsin B has been implicated in mediating TBI ...
Effects of Genic Base Composition on Growth Rate in G+C
Effects of Genic Base Composition on Growth Rate in G+C

... the frequencies of each mutation (Sueoka 1962; Freese 1962). Recent comparisons of closely related genomes indicate that, for most genomes, the input of new mutations would not produce the observed base compositions. In general, new mutations would almost universally result in genomes that are more ...
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in

... closely linked h2h pairs is that once created by chance, it becomes difficult to separate the pair as insertion of intergenic DNA, such as a repetitive element, would disturb expression of both genes. H2h gene pairs would thus slowly accumulate during evolution. This explanation is supported by the ...
CHAPTER 2 Genome Sequence Acquisition and
CHAPTER 2 Genome Sequence Acquisition and

... Epidemiologic studies suggest that 30 to 70% of the variation in body weight may be attributable to genetic factors. Hager et al. (1998) undertook a genomewide scan in affected sib pairs to identify chromosomal regions linked to obesity in a collection of French families. Model-free multipoint linka ...
Factors Affecting synonymous codon Usage Bias in chloroplast
Factors Affecting synonymous codon Usage Bias in chloroplast

... show an intermediate level of codon usage optimization include Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegansor, Arabidopsis thaliana. It is not clear whether codon usage drives tRNA evolution or vice versa.34 Several earlier discussions of plant codon usage focussed on the differences between codo ...
Pathway/Genome Navigator - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI
Pathway/Genome Navigator - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI

... searches available for finding information in different ways ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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