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Author`s personal copy
Author`s personal copy

... This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or sel ...
An S Receptor Kinase Gene in Self-Compatible
An S Receptor Kinase Gene in Self-Compatible

... 1988). To determine in which tissues the SRK-A10 gene was expressed, W1 and Westar RNA samples were analyzed by RNA PCR. As shown in Figure 4, the SRK-A10 gene is predominantly expressed in the pistils throughout bud development in both W1 and Westar RNA samples. This is the primary site of expressi ...
Genetic suppression
Genetic suppression

... now been identified and analysed in greater or lesser depth. Many different phenomena are involved in the various cases. About 40 genes in the sup class have been defined thus far, and in addition separate gene classes have been established for many of the more specific processes that have been stud ...
Gene Codon Composition Determines Differentiation
Gene Codon Composition Determines Differentiation

... antibody against keratin 14 (K14; Covance). Fixed KCs were probed with antibody against involucrin protein (Covance), followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibody. Nuclei were counterstained by 4⬘,6⬘-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). KCs were examined by immunofluorescence mic ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Important details • To test for under-enrichment of “black”, test for over-enrichment of “red”. • The EASE score used by DAVID subtracts one from the observed overlap between gene list and gene set to ensure >1 from the list is in the gene set. • Need to choose “background population” appropriately ...
Leukaemia Section t(5;9)(q14.1;p24) SSBP2/JAK2 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukaemia Section t(5;9)(q14.1;p24) SSBP2/JAK2 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... fusions result in constitutive JAK2 tyrosine kinase activity, and it is predicted that patients with BALL exhibiting one of these fusions may respond to JAK2 inhibitors (Lacronique et al., 1997; Roberts et al., 2012). This is clinically relevant given that at least the PAX5-JAK2, BCR-JAK2 and STRN3J ...
Inhibition of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer by
Inhibition of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer by

... inside of the virion, infection with an adenovirus of one serotype does not produce relevant immunity against other types.24 Therefore, repeated application of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer using different serotypes seems feasible. However, in human studies previous infections with wild-type ade ...
GHS-Express database http://genecanvas.ecgene.net/uploads/Fo
GHS-Express database http://genecanvas.ecgene.net/uploads/Fo

... expressions with a p-value < 10-5 are reported (n=225615) together with the position of the SNP and of the associated gene. “cistransDistance” is 109 when the SNP and gene are ...
Series 1: Cross Diagrams There are two alleles for each trait in a
Series 1: Cross Diagrams There are two alleles for each trait in a

... The phenotype of this worm is Unc ...
- NDLScholarship
- NDLScholarship

... infect dividing cells. Many human diseases, for example those of the nervous system, are not caused by mutations in dividing cells: A second problem is that, as so often in genetic engineering, there is no control presently available as to where the gene is inserted in the human chromosomes. Instead ...
Reconstructing evolution: Gene transfer from plastids to the nucleus
Reconstructing evolution: Gene transfer from plastids to the nucleus

... the plastids (chloroplasts), which are derived from a cyanobacterium (Fig. 1). Early genetic and biochemical studies revealed that the genomes of plastids have been greatly diminished compared with any possible free-living ancestor. The plastid genome was shown to be far too small to encode the prot ...
Strategies for Improving Soluble Protein Production in E. coli
Strategies for Improving Soluble Protein Production in E. coli

... Express toxic proteins by tightly controlling expression  Expresso Rhamnose Cloning and Expression System Improve protein solubility, express toxic proteins  Expresso SUMO Systems  Expresso Solubility and Expression Screening System Express membrane proteins from T7 promoter  OverExpress™ C41 (D ...
the regulation of the differential expression of the human globin
the regulation of the differential expression of the human globin

... below) is segregating in these families. This is not always the case, however. Another approach to this problem has been developed recently. Scattered throughout the ¡3 globin gene cluster there are a number of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (R F L P s ), which can be used as genetic mark ...
2 Changes of Gene Frequency - the UC Davis Plant Breeding
2 Changes of Gene Frequency - the UC Davis Plant Breeding

... Mutation rates are generally very low — about 10 -5 or 10 -6 per generation for most loci in most organisms. This means that between about 1 in 100,000 and 1 in 1,000,000 gametes carry a newly mutated allele at any particular locus. With normal mutation rates, therefore, mutation alone can produce o ...
COST Functional Modeling Workshop
COST Functional Modeling Workshop

... • de facto method for functional annotation • Widely used for functional genomics (high throughput). ...
DFL1, an auxin-responsive GH3 gene homologue, negatively
DFL1, an auxin-responsive GH3 gene homologue, negatively

... Extensive studies have been made using this promoter to identify other auxin-responsive elements (Liu et al., 1994; Ulmasov et al., 1999). GH3 does not have any similarity to known functional motifs, and there has been no report on its function (Gee et al., 1991; Hagen et al., 1991). To understand t ...
Dangerous Abbreviations, Symbols and Dose Designations
Dangerous Abbreviations, Symbols and Dose Designations

... abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations in orders, computer-generated labels, medication administration records, storage bins, shelf labels, and reprinted protocols. Abbreviations, acronyms and symbols are not permitted in the following contexts and/or reports: ...
this PDF file
this PDF file

... Cucumber mosaic virus strain soybean (CMV-S) is one of economically important virus infecting soybean in Indonesia. However, it is very few information related with the CMV-S Indonesia isolates. Thus, the aim of present work is to detect and identify CMV-S isolates from different origin. Leaf sample ...
Correlation of ABCA4 polymorphisms with age
Correlation of ABCA4 polymorphisms with age

... (ABCA4) gene polymorphisms (rs560426 and 6389T>A) with the occurrence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotypes of rs560426 and 6389T>A polymorphisms in 110 AMD patients and 125 h ...
Chromatin Modifications
Chromatin Modifications

... complexes, one of them has a speciofic targeting and the other has a global targeting. Some HATs have a large but limited region – usually enzymes that are involved in heterochromation formation. No specific HMTs are known to interact with TFs, but some do recruit specifically to coding regions. ...
Ovation™ RNA Amplification System
Ovation™ RNA Amplification System

... Ct values were determined for a panel of genes in Ribo-SPIA™ amplified and non-amplified skeletal muscle RNA. Amplified versus non-amplified values ...
Gene Regulation and Systems Biology GA
Gene Regulation and Systems Biology GA

... the kinetic parameter space, it is more likely to converge toward the globally optimal tracking ­solution. The proposed GA-based design algorithm is inspired by the mechanics of natural selection to a population of binary strings encoding the parameter space. At each generation, it explores differen ...
Imprinted gene detection in Arabidopsis thaliana
Imprinted gene detection in Arabidopsis thaliana

... expressed genes, placed far from the bulk of genes in feature space. MEA (1) is closer to the map’s center and less isolated, i.e., MEA is not obviously part of a distinguished set of genes. B Hierarchical clustering result. Each final cluster is shaded differently. PHE and MEA belong to different b ...
The Genetics of Beta-galactosidase
The Genetics of Beta-galactosidase

... be assessed by performing a b-galactosidase assay. Since this assay is very sensitive, lac fusions have been used to measure the expression of low-abundance proteins and to locate a protein within the cell or external space. There are many more specific uses of lac fusions. Silhavy and Beckwith prov ...
Genetics Table Simplified
Genetics Table Simplified

... The hair color gene, like skin color, is polygenic. The same genetic code is found on chromosome #'s 3, 6, 10 and 18. This code translates into pigment which is incorporated into the hair as it is growing, the greater the number of dominant alleles, the darker the hair. Hair color varies from black ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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