Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
... Otic defects generated by changes in RA signaling are considered mostly secondary consequences due to changes in Fgf signaling, because hindbrain patterning is disturbed in RA gain- and loss-offunction studies. In embryos with no RA signaling, such as mouse Aldh1a2 mutants, expression of Fgf3, which ...
Unconventional initiator tRNAs sustain Escherichia coli
... (3G-C mutant) showed negligible initiation activity in E. coli. However, we observed a considerable increase in its initiation activity when the abundance of the chromosomally encoded WT initiator tRNA was reduced by knocking out three (metZ, metW, and metV) of the four initiator tRNA genes in the E ...
... (3G-C mutant) showed negligible initiation activity in E. coli. However, we observed a considerable increase in its initiation activity when the abundance of the chromosomally encoded WT initiator tRNA was reduced by knocking out three (metZ, metW, and metV) of the four initiator tRNA genes in the E ...
Tapanes-Castillo A, Weaver EJ, Smith RP, Kamei Y, Caspary T, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Slifer SH, Martin ER, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Neurogenetics. 2012 Feb;11(1):53-71. A modifier locus on chromosome 5 contributes to L1 cell adhesion molecule X-linked hydrocephalus in mice.
... transformed, using a natural log scale [ln (1,000×ratio)], to approximate a normal distribution for statistical analyses. We refer to these transformed ratios as hydrocephalus severity scores. Student’s t tests were performed to determine whether there were significant differences in hydrocephalus s ...
... transformed, using a natural log scale [ln (1,000×ratio)], to approximate a normal distribution for statistical analyses. We refer to these transformed ratios as hydrocephalus severity scores. Student’s t tests were performed to determine whether there were significant differences in hydrocephalus s ...
Rhizobium Nodulation Protein NodC Is an Important Determinant of
... various Rhizobium species. We expressed the cloned nodC genes of Rhizobium meliloti, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R. loti in Escherichia coli. The in vivo activities of the various NodC proteins differed with respect to the length of the major chitin oligosaccharide produced. The clearest differ ...
... various Rhizobium species. We expressed the cloned nodC genes of Rhizobium meliloti, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and R. loti in Escherichia coli. The in vivo activities of the various NodC proteins differed with respect to the length of the major chitin oligosaccharide produced. The clearest differ ...
Genetic Analysis of Variation in Human Meiotic Recombination
... [14] collections to determine recombination phenotypes. For our analysis, we used the genotype data from members of twogeneration families that have two or more children to infer recombination phenotypes of the parents in these families. The 511 AGRE families have an average of 2.26 children (median ...
... [14] collections to determine recombination phenotypes. For our analysis, we used the genotype data from members of twogeneration families that have two or more children to infer recombination phenotypes of the parents in these families. The 511 AGRE families have an average of 2.26 children (median ...
Pollen developmental biology
... One of the earliest signs of microspore differentiation that is initiated during the tetrad stage, is the synthesis of the outer pollen wall or exine. The exine layer, which is often elaborately patterned and sculptured, is the most striking structural feature of pollen grains (Fig. 2a), and is comp ...
... One of the earliest signs of microspore differentiation that is initiated during the tetrad stage, is the synthesis of the outer pollen wall or exine. The exine layer, which is often elaborately patterned and sculptured, is the most striking structural feature of pollen grains (Fig. 2a), and is comp ...
TaqMan-Based Real-Time PCR for Genotyping Common
... corresponding reports of negative associations with disease (2 ). Thus, development of a simple, highthroughput HP genotyping method is needed to facilitate these association studies. Several methods for phenotyping HP1 and HP2 have been described. High-pressure gel-permeation chromatography and ge ...
... corresponding reports of negative associations with disease (2 ). Thus, development of a simple, highthroughput HP genotyping method is needed to facilitate these association studies. Several methods for phenotyping HP1 and HP2 have been described. High-pressure gel-permeation chromatography and ge ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document: PROGRAMMED
... the A site. These bases include G529, G530, A1492, and A1493, which are all required for viability and tRNA binding (Ogle et al, 2005). When a cognate tRNA is in the A site, A1492 and A1493 are displaced into the minor groove of helix 44, and G530 switches from a syn to anti conformation. The first ...
... the A site. These bases include G529, G530, A1492, and A1493, which are all required for viability and tRNA binding (Ogle et al, 2005). When a cognate tRNA is in the A site, A1492 and A1493 are displaced into the minor groove of helix 44, and G530 switches from a syn to anti conformation. The first ...
Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... (AF15q14) • t(11;15)(q23;q14) → MLL - MPFYVE • t(11;15)(q23;q15) → MLL - AF15 • t(11;16)(q23;p13)/MDS, ANLL, t-ANLL, ALL → MLL - CREBBP (CBP) • t(11;17)(q23;p13)/t-ANLL → MLL - GAS7 • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - ACACA • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - LASP1 • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - MLLT6 ( ...
... (AF15q14) • t(11;15)(q23;q14) → MLL - MPFYVE • t(11;15)(q23;q15) → MLL - AF15 • t(11;16)(q23;p13)/MDS, ANLL, t-ANLL, ALL → MLL - CREBBP (CBP) • t(11;17)(q23;p13)/t-ANLL → MLL - GAS7 • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - ACACA • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - LASP1 • t(11;17)(q23;q21)/ANLL → MLL - MLLT6 ( ...
Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions
... The endospore-forming rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis – the model system for Gram-positive organisms, is able to produce more than two dozen antibiotics with an amazing variety of structures. The produced anti-microbial active compounds include predominantly peptides that are either ribosomally syn ...
... The endospore-forming rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis – the model system for Gram-positive organisms, is able to produce more than two dozen antibiotics with an amazing variety of structures. The produced anti-microbial active compounds include predominantly peptides that are either ribosomally syn ...
The cuticle
... extraction of the cuticle. This unusual structural component is highly cross-linked, predominantly via tyrosine, a cross-link that is particularly abundant in the outermost cortical layers and in the dauer cuticle. The cuticlin proteins have cysteine-rich zona pellucida-like domains, are expressed f ...
... extraction of the cuticle. This unusual structural component is highly cross-linked, predominantly via tyrosine, a cross-link that is particularly abundant in the outermost cortical layers and in the dauer cuticle. The cuticlin proteins have cysteine-rich zona pellucida-like domains, are expressed f ...
Genetics fill in review
... 39. In certain bacteria, the gene that codes for the production of the enzyme that digests lactose is switched on in the presence of lactose. In this case, molecules of lactose act as ____________________. 40. Nucleotide segments of a DNA molecule that make up genes and are actually expressed in the ...
... 39. In certain bacteria, the gene that codes for the production of the enzyme that digests lactose is switched on in the presence of lactose. In this case, molecules of lactose act as ____________________. 40. Nucleotide segments of a DNA molecule that make up genes and are actually expressed in the ...
Mapping Polygenes - University of Warwick
... organisms and in 1988 the first study was published in which molecular markers, covering an entire genome, were used to map quantitative traits (43). The availability of complete genome maps also opened up the oppor tunity for new statistical approaches for detecting polygenes (e.g. interval analys ...
... organisms and in 1988 the first study was published in which molecular markers, covering an entire genome, were used to map quantitative traits (43). The availability of complete genome maps also opened up the oppor tunity for new statistical approaches for detecting polygenes (e.g. interval analys ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... The vast majority of traits are determined by alleles of more than one gene. This means that most traits are multifactorial. A Heterogeneous Trait is One That May be caused by mutations in more than one gene. Human deafness is an example of a heterogeneous trait: mutations in any of at least 50 gene ...
... The vast majority of traits are determined by alleles of more than one gene. This means that most traits are multifactorial. A Heterogeneous Trait is One That May be caused by mutations in more than one gene. Human deafness is an example of a heterogeneous trait: mutations in any of at least 50 gene ...
Molecular Characterization of Visual Pigments in
... for the PCR reaction. The latter two primers were provided in the SMART RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (Clontech). Details of clone development are described below. Three opsin fragments (RhA, RhB, and RhC) were obtained by PCR from T. granarius ss cDNA. RhA fragment was amplified with Op-F1 and Op-R1 ...
... for the PCR reaction. The latter two primers were provided in the SMART RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (Clontech). Details of clone development are described below. Three opsin fragments (RhA, RhB, and RhC) were obtained by PCR from T. granarius ss cDNA. RhA fragment was amplified with Op-F1 and Op-R1 ...
Identification of genes that interact with glp-1, a gene
... Extragenic suppressors of glp-1 I(q231)], mutagenized with ethyl methane sulphonate (Brenner, 1974), and returned to plates at permissive temperature. To isolate recessive suppressors, Fi progeny were picked (3 animals/plate) and grown at permissive temperature. F2 progeny were shifted to restricti ...
... Extragenic suppressors of glp-1 I(q231)], mutagenized with ethyl methane sulphonate (Brenner, 1974), and returned to plates at permissive temperature. To isolate recessive suppressors, Fi progeny were picked (3 animals/plate) and grown at permissive temperature. F2 progeny were shifted to restricti ...
Expression and characterization of von Willebrand
... Mutation screening Nucleotides of the vWF complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence are numbered from the major transcription cap site (⫹1) located 250 nucleotides upstream of the first nucleotide in the ATG initiation codon. Amino acid residues are numbered from the ATG initiation codon (residue 1) to the ...
... Mutation screening Nucleotides of the vWF complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence are numbered from the major transcription cap site (⫹1) located 250 nucleotides upstream of the first nucleotide in the ATG initiation codon. Amino acid residues are numbered from the ATG initiation codon (residue 1) to the ...
hhmi resource for new ap bio curriculum
... field of Biology (the breadth) with the depth of understanding of fundamental topics required of the students. The new course shifts from focusing on content coverage to a focus on enduring conceptual understandings and the supporting content. For the purpose of this teacher guide, the main foci wil ...
... field of Biology (the breadth) with the depth of understanding of fundamental topics required of the students. The new course shifts from focusing on content coverage to a focus on enduring conceptual understandings and the supporting content. For the purpose of this teacher guide, the main foci wil ...
24 Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination
... recombinant haplotypes (spanning <10 kb) against a background of thousands of nonrecombinant haplotypes renders it difficult to expand the initial locus-specific studies of recombination rate heterogeneity across the whole genome. More recently, a new class of statistical methods have been devised t ...
... recombinant haplotypes (spanning <10 kb) against a background of thousands of nonrecombinant haplotypes renders it difficult to expand the initial locus-specific studies of recombination rate heterogeneity across the whole genome. More recently, a new class of statistical methods have been devised t ...
`Candidatus Phytoplasma mali`, `Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri` and
... determined between strains ESFY3 and ESFY5. In sequences of the AP phytoplasma strains, only one polymorphism occurred (at position 1442 where, in the AP15R sequence, the C was replaced by a T residue). This substitution, the only polymorphism that was detected in the PD sequences, is shared by stra ...
... determined between strains ESFY3 and ESFY5. In sequences of the AP phytoplasma strains, only one polymorphism occurred (at position 1442 where, in the AP15R sequence, the C was replaced by a T residue). This substitution, the only polymorphism that was detected in the PD sequences, is shared by stra ...
Cross talk between the sporophyte and the
... megagametogenesis is severely perturbed in most of the known sporophytic ovule development mutants. Which are the messenger molecules involved in the haploid-diploid dialogue? And furthermore, is this one way communication or is a feedback cross talk? In this review we discuss genetic and molecular ...
... megagametogenesis is severely perturbed in most of the known sporophytic ovule development mutants. Which are the messenger molecules involved in the haploid-diploid dialogue? And furthermore, is this one way communication or is a feedback cross talk? In this review we discuss genetic and molecular ...
RNA-Seq
RNA-seq (RNA sequencing), also called whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS), is a technology that uses the capabilities of next-generation sequencing to reveal a snapshot of RNA presence and quantity from a genome at a given moment in time.