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7echap20guidedreading
7echap20guidedreading

... 9. What is a complementary, short, single stranded nucleic acid that can be either DNA or RNA called? ...
Bioinformatics Tools
Bioinformatics Tools

... • Genome size and number of genes does not necessarily determine organism complexity ...
DNA Microarray Analysis of Human Gene Expression Induced by a
DNA Microarray Analysis of Human Gene Expression Induced by a

... It is known to be negatively regulated by retinoblastoma protein and positively regulated by DNA damage signals, and is assumed to affect the expression of other genes53) although little is known about its target genes. The v-abl homolog 2 [39] gene product is expected to have a similar activity. Im ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... VI. Answer the following in detail, not more than 1500 words each (2x 20= 40) 29. (a) Describe the Lac operon OR (b) Describe the protocol for somatic hybridization. How are cybrids detected? ...
Human Genome Project and Sequencing
Human Genome Project and Sequencing

... Humans are 99.9% identical. Total number of genes ~ 30,000. This doesn’t match the number of proteins (over 100,000) so each gene must be able to code for more than one protein. Over 50% of genes have unknown ...
9/18
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... Addition of the 5’ cap, a modified guanine Fig 8.13 ...
Regulation
Regulation

... B. These regulators also bind to specific operator sites: 1. Operator positions are usually upstream of the -35 element. 2. Some can be 100’s of bases upstream for promoter. These require: 3. Many Sigma 70 dependent promoters have well conserved: ...
Protein Synthesis Section 3 Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis Section 3 Transcription and Translation

... anticodon on the tRNA 4) tRNA brings the amino acid as it reads mRNA 5) The amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide (protein) 6) When a stop codon is reached (UAA, UAG, UGA) protein synthesis stops ...
Transcriptional regulatory roles of G
Transcriptional regulatory roles of G

... G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded DNA secondary structures involved in a diverse range of biological processes. Although the anti-cancer potential of G4s in oncogene promoters has been extensively investigated, the functions of promoter G4s in non-cancer-related genes are not known. We have exp ...
RNA/Protein Purification 96-Well Kit
RNA/Protein Purification 96-Well Kit

... from a single sample of cultured animal cells, small tissue samples, blood, bacteria, yeast, fungi or plants. It is often necessary to isolate total RNA and proteins from a single sample, such as for studies of gene expression including gene silencing experiments, mRNA knockdowns or experiments corr ...
Gene Section IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... IRF4 is a lymphoid-specific transcription factor that plays crucial roles in the development and in the functions of immune cells. This gene controls B-cell proliferation and differentiation, and proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells. IRF4 is a transcriptional activator and binds to the interfe ...
Gene Regulation Notes
Gene Regulation Notes

... I. In prokaryotes A. occurs in response to the environment II. In eukaryotes A. occurs in response to the environment and for cell specialization B. when does regulation occur? 1. transcription-which genes get transcribed and when? 2. mRNA processing-addition of a 5’ cap, 3’ poly-A tail and removal ...
Understanding the Molecular Mechanism for Disease
Understanding the Molecular Mechanism for Disease

... resistance (R) genes have the ability to detect a pathogen attack and facilitate a counter attack against the pathogen. This concept triggered the marker assisted selection (MAS) strategy used in breeding programs for improved resistance. MAS, is based on DNA markers closely linked to a R gene that ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... are hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.  E.g. Human DNA has about 30-35,000 genes; Rice -- about 50-60,000, but shorter genes. ...
Chapter 4A
Chapter 4A

... collection of exons within a larger gene. The coding regions for domains can be spliced in or out of the primary transcript by the process of alternative splicing. The resulting mRNAs encode different forms of the protein, known as isoforms. Alternative splicing is an important method for regulation ...
Cryptography and Linguistics of Macromolecules Cryptography and
Cryptography and Linguistics of Macromolecules Cryptography and

... genome. However, MSA is not limited to DNA sequences. Other sequences that can be successfully modelled are: proteins, timelines, many ki nds of linguistic sequences. Since the purpose of aligning sequences is to discover patterns, it only makes sense to align those kinds of information that can be ...
Gene Expression Microarray Analysis of Archival FFPE Samples
Gene Expression Microarray Analysis of Archival FFPE Samples

... freshly frozen tissues is optimal for microarray analysis; however, in many cases, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are the only samples available. To work with these difficult samples, Agilent has developed an FFPE sample protocol optimized for use with Agilent gene expression microa ...
Agaba et al - Centre for Genomic Research
Agaba et al - Centre for Genomic Research

... In the case of the bovine trypanotolerance study, the result can be quantified in terms of the reduction of an enormous set of potential targets for investigation to a manageable shortlist of the most likely targets. Out of 24128 probesets on the array, 12591 were significantly differentially expres ...
finalexamcrib201213NED 33.5 KB
finalexamcrib201213NED 33.5 KB

... 42) Purpose of complementation analysis and recombination analysis for gene mapping 43) Formal genetic definition of wild type 44) Chargaff’s pair rules and prediction of nucleotide composition of ds DNA 45) Key experiments of Griffith, Chargaff, Meselsohn, Beadle, Jacob, McLeod, etc. 46) Watson and ...
What are the advantages to sexual reproduction? Disadvantages?
What are the advantages to sexual reproduction? Disadvantages?

... *lots of research into synthesizing RNA-interfering drugs to silence or shut down genes (macular degeneration, Parkinson's disease, cancer) ...
What meaning(s) do these two photos represent? (Hint* dna,rna
What meaning(s) do these two photos represent? (Hint* dna,rna

...  Protein synthesis can be summarized in 2 main steps:  Transcription: One of the 2 strands of DNA is ...
The E. coli genome. - life.illinois.edu.
The E. coli genome. - life.illinois.edu.

... ocean water or a mine dump or human skin, without trying to culture bacteria, and sequenced extensively. These studies have confirmed that there is an extraordinary diversity of uncultured Bacteria and Archaea out there, and that some have entirely novel metabolic abilities. They also confirm that t ...
1 Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo
1 Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo

... Drosophila melanogaster and were later extended to other organisms to reveal remarkable similarities in the developmental programs of diverse organisms. 1. Hox genes Mutations that change one body part into another are known as homeotic mutations. In Drosophila, some examples are: Ultrabithorax (Ubx ...
Distance Measures - USU Math/Stat
Distance Measures - USU Math/Stat

... Distance Measures for Gene Expression (and other high-dimensional) Data Utah State University – Spring 2014 STAT 5570: Statistical Bioinformatics Notes 2.2 ...
Do now - MrSimonPorter
Do now - MrSimonPorter

... In what ways are we different from each other (“variations”)? Can you now divide these differences between those that are inherited and those which are environmental and those which might be both. ...
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RNA-Seq



RNA-seq (RNA sequencing), also called whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS), is a technology that uses the capabilities of next-generation sequencing to reveal a snapshot of RNA presence and quantity from a genome at a given moment in time.
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