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Mechanisms Powerpoint
... 3. Genetic Drift The change in allele frequencies as a result of chance processes. These changes are much more pronounced in small populations. Directly related to the population numbers. Smaller population sizes are more susceptible to genetic drift than larger populations because there is ...
... 3. Genetic Drift The change in allele frequencies as a result of chance processes. These changes are much more pronounced in small populations. Directly related to the population numbers. Smaller population sizes are more susceptible to genetic drift than larger populations because there is ...
evolution of populations
... population that they found will be genetically different from the parent population ...
... population that they found will be genetically different from the parent population ...
Five agents of evolutionary change
... Different species can not reproduce and have offspring that can reproduce ...
... Different species can not reproduce and have offspring that can reproduce ...
16-1 Genetic Equilibrium
... 2. Gene flow – the process of genes moving from one population to the next - Immigration - Emigration 3. Genetic Drift – allele frequencies in a population change usually because the population is small ...
... 2. Gene flow – the process of genes moving from one population to the next - Immigration - Emigration 3. Genetic Drift – allele frequencies in a population change usually because the population is small ...
Extra Credit For Biology 4: _____ Points Evolution
... Extra Credit For Biology 4: _____ Points Evolution Requirements A. You need your name at th top right hand corner. B. This assignment must be typed. ...
... Extra Credit For Biology 4: _____ Points Evolution Requirements A. You need your name at th top right hand corner. B. This assignment must be typed. ...
16-1 Genetic Equilibrium
... evolving (ie not changing over time) 5 criteria (must be met) No net mutations occur No one enters or leaves the population The population is large Individuals mate randomly Selection does not occur ...
... evolving (ie not changing over time) 5 criteria (must be met) No net mutations occur No one enters or leaves the population The population is large Individuals mate randomly Selection does not occur ...
Charles Darwin Notes
... A inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival. Examples: ...
... A inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival. Examples: ...
Hardy (Castle) Weinberg Equilibrium: Deviations from Hardy
... larger at small sample sizes and smaller at large sample sizes. Think of it like tossing coins - the average result for tossing two coins might be 100% heads. The average for tossing four coins might be 75% heads. But if you take a sample of 10,000 coin tosses, then you are more likely to be close t ...
... larger at small sample sizes and smaller at large sample sizes. Think of it like tossing coins - the average result for tossing two coins might be 100% heads. The average for tossing four coins might be 75% heads. But if you take a sample of 10,000 coin tosses, then you are more likely to be close t ...
11.1. Introducing Gregor Mendel
... cross between two parent organisms that are true-breeding for different forms of two traits. ...
... cross between two parent organisms that are true-breeding for different forms of two traits. ...
Random Allelic Variation
... Coalescent Theory Predicts (in the absence of gene flow, mutation, selection) Allele or haplotype frequencies fluctuate at random but, in finite populations, one will become fixed Individual populations lose their genetic variation Initially similar populations diverge in allele frequencies by chan ...
... Coalescent Theory Predicts (in the absence of gene flow, mutation, selection) Allele or haplotype frequencies fluctuate at random but, in finite populations, one will become fixed Individual populations lose their genetic variation Initially similar populations diverge in allele frequencies by chan ...
Genetic drift
... Most natural populations are in equilibrium. False; most are evolving Mutations arise in response to changes in the environment. False, mutations arise by random chance Genetic drift has a larger impact on small populations.True Natural selection acts on individual genotypes. False, individual pheno ...
... Most natural populations are in equilibrium. False; most are evolving Mutations arise in response to changes in the environment. False, mutations arise by random chance Genetic drift has a larger impact on small populations.True Natural selection acts on individual genotypes. False, individual pheno ...
Natural Selection
... One way for a new species to evolve happens in three steps: isolation, adaptation, and differentiation. ...
... One way for a new species to evolve happens in three steps: isolation, adaptation, and differentiation. ...
Non-Mendellian traits: Polygenic Inheritance
... but, unlike natural selection, through an entirely random process. So although genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution, it doesn’t work to produce adaptations. ...
... but, unlike natural selection, through an entirely random process. So although genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution, it doesn’t work to produce adaptations. ...
Slides
... • Genetic drift, gene flow and mutations & natural selection all lead to changes in variation within a population • Natural selection leads to adaptive evolution ...
... • Genetic drift, gene flow and mutations & natural selection all lead to changes in variation within a population • Natural selection leads to adaptive evolution ...
Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics
... • When gametes containing either of two alleles, A or a, unite at random to form the next generation, the genotype frequencies among the zygotes are given by the ratio p2 : 2pq : q2 this constitutes the Hardy–Weinberg (HW) Principle ...
... • When gametes containing either of two alleles, A or a, unite at random to form the next generation, the genotype frequencies among the zygotes are given by the ratio p2 : 2pq : q2 this constitutes the Hardy–Weinberg (HW) Principle ...
Evolution Review Sheet
... 30. What was Lamarck’s theory of how things changed over time? ____________________________________________________________________ 31. What gas was not present before life began? ____________________ 32. What protects us from harmful UV light (other than sunscreen)? _________________ 33. Mutations, ...
... 30. What was Lamarck’s theory of how things changed over time? ____________________________________________________________________ 31. What gas was not present before life began? ____________________ 32. What protects us from harmful UV light (other than sunscreen)? _________________ 33. Mutations, ...
Definition Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium p2+2pq + q2= 1 1 + 2q + q2 = 1
... The calculations for dominant diseases must acknowledge that most of the affected individuals will be heterozygous. In this case, the prevalence is 2q. The term q2 represents the prevalence of homozygous affected individuals who, although much less commonly seen, may have more severe symptoms. For e ...
... The calculations for dominant diseases must acknowledge that most of the affected individuals will be heterozygous. In this case, the prevalence is 2q. The term q2 represents the prevalence of homozygous affected individuals who, although much less commonly seen, may have more severe symptoms. For e ...
DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM
... Population of the nearly extinct northern Elephant Seal have lost genetic variability—individuals are homozygous for all their genes tested. This result of genetic drift makes the species vulnerable to extinction. ...
... Population of the nearly extinct northern Elephant Seal have lost genetic variability—individuals are homozygous for all their genes tested. This result of genetic drift makes the species vulnerable to extinction. ...
Evolution Terms to Know
... 6. Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between A. species. B. males and females. C. populations. D. individuals. E. chromosomes. 7. The Darwinian fitness of an individual is measured most directly by A. the number of its offspring that survive to reproduce. B. the number of “go ...
... 6. Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between A. species. B. males and females. C. populations. D. individuals. E. chromosomes. 7. The Darwinian fitness of an individual is measured most directly by A. the number of its offspring that survive to reproduce. B. the number of “go ...
Genetic drift
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Biologist_and_statistician_Ronald_Fisher.jpg?width=300)
Genetic drift (or allelic drift) is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the early twentieth century vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian genetics, held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads across a population (although not necessarily changes in phenotypes) are caused by genetic drift. There is currently a scientific debate about how much of evolution has been caused by natural selection, and how much by genetic drift.