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Article A Molecular Evolutionary Reference for the Human Variome
Article A Molecular Evolutionary Reference for the Human Variome

... (fig. 5A). This trend shows that EPs will afford high rates of correct diagnosis of disease alleles at low rates of false positive diagnosis. The area under the curve (AUC) value for EPs was high (0.89) and similar to that for classical and recently developed methods, including SIFT (0.88), PolyPhen ...
Variation Causes of Variation
Variation Causes of Variation

... The degree of genetic similarity among individuals within an inbred line increases as the amount of inbreeding increases especially if there is directional selection. Parents homozygote for many pairs of genes will have more offspring that are more alike genetically than parents that are heterozygou ...
VI. CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE, cont
VI. CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE, cont

...  long stems are dominant to short stems  purple flowers are dominant to white, and  round seeds are dominant to wrinkled.  A plant that is heterozygous for all three loci self-pollinates and 2048 progeny are examined. How many of the resulting plants would you expect to be long-stemmed with purp ...
Pedigree Questions from VCAA Exams with answers
Pedigree Questions from VCAA Exams with answers

... There is enough information to identify autosomal recessive, because individual III-1 is a white tiger (affected) with parents with normal pigmentation (unaffected). *Answers that stated the condition skipped a generation were not awarded marks, as specific reference to the pedigree was required. (1 ...
Mendels Genetics
Mendels Genetics

Inheritance 1 Mendel and the Black Box 2 The Experimental Subjects
Inheritance 1 Mendel and the Black Box 2 The Experimental Subjects

... • Flowers are reproductive structures – In peas, they have both male and female parts • Pollination is a means of sexual reproduction – Pea plants self-pollinate • Sexual reproduction with itself • Normal mode of pollination in peas – Pea plants can be made to cross-pollinate • This allows sexual r ...
Natural selection
Natural selection

... –  Note these important points –  Individuals do not evolve: populations evolve –  Natural selection can amplify or diminish only heritable traits; acquired characteristics cannot be passed on to offspring –  Evolution is not goal directed and does not lead to perfection; favorable traits vary as en ...
Genes are - GZ @ Science Class Online
Genes are - GZ @ Science Class Online

... phenotypes as adaptive features will be selected from: S1.9  inheritable and non-inheritable variations that exist within a group of living organisms  differing rates of survival by various members of a group may depend on their phenotype  the importance of variation within populations (populatio ...
Assignments - San Diego Mesa College
Assignments - San Diego Mesa College

... the their parents, and, if possible at their grandparents - in our first case, the parents of affected individuals II-3 and III-3 (CF patients) do NOT have the trait but pass it on to their children, an important observation which rules out the possibility of a dominant allele/gene. Why? ___________ ...
Mendel`s Principle of Independent Assortment
Mendel`s Principle of Independent Assortment

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OLM_4_Quantgen(v5)
OLM_4_Quantgen(v5)

... – The masking of the phenotypic effect of alleles at one gene by alleles of another gene. A gene is said to be epistatic when its presence suppresses or obscures the effect of a gene at another locus ...
Chemokine RANTES –403 G/A polymorphism in two Slavonic
Chemokine RANTES –403 G/A polymorphism in two Slavonic

Human Variation Student Worksheet 1
Human Variation Student Worksheet 1

Genotype Phenotype
Genotype Phenotype

... Gametes only carry one allele, so if an individual has the genotype Ww what are the possible gametes that this individual can pass on? Answer: either a W or a w but not both Another example: Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
CHAPTER 6 POPULATION GENETICS SELECTION
CHAPTER 6 POPULATION GENETICS SELECTION

... heterozygotes are more resistant to typhoid fever than are the dominant homozygotes. Evidence in favor of this hypothesis includes which of the following findings? a. The mutation rate for new loss-of-function mutations in the CFTR gene is too low for the prevalence of the disease to be explained by ...
Effective size of populations with heritable variation in fitness
Effective size of populations with heritable variation in fitness

... heritability strongly suggests the presence of environmental correlation between fitness of mothers and daughters. The persisting effect of the environmental correlation on the effective population size is kept completely as long as the progeny remain in the same niche and is partially reduced if a ...
Lecture 2 The genetic Model for Quantitative Traits
Lecture 2 The genetic Model for Quantitative Traits

... What does the heritability in the narrow sense measure? • The strength of the relationship between the phenotypic values and the breeding values for a trait in the population. Therefore, it can be viewed as the coefficient of regression of the breeding value on the phenotypic value. • It measures t ...
Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of
Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of

... past have influenced present day conditions. ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Biological Sciences Initiative - University of Colorado Boulder
Biological Sciences Initiative - University of Colorado Boulder

... Only half of the predator population survived each generation. 2.) What impact did survival have on an individual predator’s ability to leave offspring? Only survivors had offspring. Individual’s who did not survive, did not leave any offspring. 3.) Was there any variation among the phenotype of the ...
Mendelian Inheritance in Humans
Mendelian Inheritance in Humans

... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by
Monohybrid Crosses Name In foxes, red coat color is determined by

... What are the chances of getting pure brown-eyed offspring? 0%. How about the chances of getting a hybrid brown-eyed offspring? 100% How about getting a blue-eyed offspring? 0% 11. A heterozygous brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. What are the chances there will be a homozygous brown-eyed offs ...
X-linked Recessive Traits
X-linked Recessive Traits

Name: Block_____ Unit 8: Genetics Unit Learning Targets
Name: Block_____ Unit 8: Genetics Unit Learning Targets

... 11. The alternative forms of genes are called _______________________________and these are carried on different copies of ________________________________. 12. Alleles, genes, and chromosomes and are all made of ____________________. 13. Why do organisms, such as pea plants and humans, have 2 allele ...
MA STATE Frameworks: (This is what the state of
MA STATE Frameworks: (This is what the state of

... Mendel’s Plant Breeding Experiments  In the 1800’s, a scientist named Gregor Mendel applied an experimental approach to study inheritance  His work eventually gave rise to genetics: the study of heredity.  For seven years, Mendel bred pea plants and recorded inheritance patterns in the offspring. ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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