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Outcomes of Natural Selection (Chapter 19)
Outcomes of Natural Selection (Chapter 19)

... • Amish in Pennsylvania – Eastern Pennsylvania is home to beautiful farmlands and countryside, but it's also a gold mine of information for geneticists, who have studied the region's Amish culture for decades. Because of their closed population stemming from a small number of German immigrants -abou ...
File
File

STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 5 TEST: HEREDITY
STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 5 TEST: HEREDITY

... 23. stigma: female part of the flower; catches grains of pollen 24. anther: produces pollen grains 25. pollen: the male reproductive cell of flowering plants 26. ovary: female reproductive organ in flowering plants 27. ovule: reproductive cell which becomes the seed when fertilized by pollen What to ...
Genetics Practice Problems - Part 2 - Parkway C-2
Genetics Practice Problems - Part 2 - Parkway C-2

... (Guincest?), what offspring would you expect? 3. Two black female mice are crossed with same brown male. In a number of litters female X produced 9 blacks and 7 browns and female Y produced 14 blacks. a. What is the mechanism of inheritance of black and brown coat color in mice? b. What are the geno ...
Genetics
Genetics

...  epistasis (coat color) presence of certain alleles on one locus mask the expression of alleles on another locus and express their own phenotype instead.  pleiotropy (dwarfism, giantism) one allele affects various phenotypes in an organism.  polygenic (skin color) multiple alleles are required fo ...
Charles Darwin Notes
Charles Darwin Notes

... • The number of phenotypes produced for a trait depends on how many genes control the trait ...
Controlling Growth
Controlling Growth

... What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome? Gene: A heredity factor transferred from the parents to offspring and is found on ...
Consanguinity
Consanguinity

... disease. A recessive disease is a genetic condition caused by inheriting two copies of a nonworking gene. All individuals carry non-working genes for recessive conditions that can potentially cause disease. It is estimated that everyone carries at least 7-10 non-working genes. These genes rarely cau ...
Hardy-Weinberg Problem Set: KEY
Hardy-Weinberg Problem Set: KEY

... Your original population of 200 (from question 3 above) was hit by a tidal wave and 100 organisms were wiped out, leaving 36 homozygous recessive out of the 100 survivors. If we assume that all individuals were equally likely to be wiped out, how did the tidal wave affect the predicted frequencies o ...
Natural Selection in Populations
Natural Selection in Populations

... • Genetic variation is stored in a population’s gene pool. – made up of all alleles in a population – allele combinations form when organisms have offspring ...
Ch. 16 Genetic Equilibrium and Selection
Ch. 16 Genetic Equilibrium and Selection

... as a result of random events, or chance. e.g. Northern elephant seals have lost genetic variability because they have been hunted to near extinction. With such a small population left and a small gene pool less variation. ...
III. A. Mechanisms of Evolution 1. Evolution occurs at the population
III. A. Mechanisms of Evolution 1. Evolution occurs at the population

... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
Biology-n15pn.
Biology-n15pn.

... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

variation
variation

... By the end of this unit you should know….  The differences between individuals in a population is called variation  Each way that individuals in a population vary is called a characteristic.  The particular version of a characteristic seen in an individual is described as their phenotype.  Chara ...
Figure 14.0 Painting of Mendel
Figure 14.0 Painting of Mendel

... True-breeding: All offspring would have only one form of the trait ...
Pedigree Analysis and How Breeding Decisions Affect Genes
Pedigree Analysis and How Breeding Decisions Affect Genes

... standard - exist within each breed. It is the variable gene pairs, like those that control color, size and angulation that produce variations within a breed. There are ways to measure the genetic diversity of a population. One method is to measure the average inbreeding coefficient (or Wright’s coef ...
Mendelian Genetics - Kenton County Schools
Mendelian Genetics - Kenton County Schools

... • Gregor noticed that one stock of seed would produce only tall plants and another only short plants ...
Meiosis - edl.io
Meiosis - edl.io

... In a species of fish, a recessive allele codes for a condition that always causes offspring to die before they can reproduce. Which of the crosses would allow this recessive allele to remain in the populationl? Draw Punnett squares for all possible combination to solve this problem. An unfavorable c ...
heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring. fertilization
heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring. fertilization

... heterozygous for a particular trait. ...
Chapter 12 College Prep Biology
Chapter 12 College Prep Biology

... Differing hormone levels among sexes can cause a single genotype to express more than one phenotype  Co-Dominant Alleles are when phenotypes of both homozygotes are produced in the heterozygous ex. Roan color in cattle  Multiple Alleles occur when there are more than two alleles for a single trait ...
Evolution of A new Species
Evolution of A new Species

... population? Shouldn’t natural selection remove these? • Alleles that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygous individual. ...
Evolution of Populations
Evolution of Populations

... Event randomly removes large numbers of individuals from a population Many variations can be lost ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... separated reproductively by geography or culture. A mutated allele might be transferred down to a large number of offspring. Assortative mating: tendency for humans to choose partners who share characteristics such as height, intelligence and racial origin. Consanguinity: this is the term for marria ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... • Specific mutations are pretty rare events. • Mutations are more apparent of they involve dominant, rather than recessive, alleles. • Exact rate of mutations is difficult to determine. ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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