Abbasid Decline and Spread of Islam
... Mahmud's successors conquered north India, 1206 Called a Mameluk Sultanate as Turkish slaves formed aristocracy Established an Islamic state known as the sultanate of Delhi Nominally under Caliph’s authority but realistically independent Sultans' authority did not extend far beyond the capital at De ...
... Mahmud's successors conquered north India, 1206 Called a Mameluk Sultanate as Turkish slaves formed aristocracy Established an Islamic state known as the sultanate of Delhi Nominally under Caliph’s authority but realistically independent Sultans' authority did not extend far beyond the capital at De ...
Islam and Al-Andalus
... Islam originated on the Arabian Peninsula, a desert land. At that time, the interior was inhabited by tribes of polytheistic Arabs nomads. The main cities: Medina and Mecca; were in the western part and they were a crossroads for the merchants caravans coming form the Far East. Muhammed (Mahoma), th ...
... Islam originated on the Arabian Peninsula, a desert land. At that time, the interior was inhabited by tribes of polytheistic Arabs nomads. The main cities: Medina and Mecca; were in the western part and they were a crossroads for the merchants caravans coming form the Far East. Muhammed (Mahoma), th ...
THE MARCH OF ISLAM: TimeFrame A
... —Muhammad’s exodus from Mecca to Medina —An Ethiopian army with a baggage train of elephants pushes north to attack Mecca. It is defeated, according to Islamic tradition, by birds that pelted it with hot stones from the fire of hell. —Muslims enter Damascus after a six-month siege —Muhammad begins t ...
... —Muhammad’s exodus from Mecca to Medina —An Ethiopian army with a baggage train of elephants pushes north to attack Mecca. It is defeated, according to Islamic tradition, by birds that pelted it with hot stones from the fire of hell. —Muslims enter Damascus after a six-month siege —Muhammad begins t ...
The Battle of Tours
... conquer Spain using North African Berber armies. By 716, Spain had been defeated and was under Muslim control. This would be the farthest extent of Islamic control of Europe—in 736, they were stopped in their expansion into Europe south of Tours, France. By 710, Islamic territory covered from Spain ...
... conquer Spain using North African Berber armies. By 716, Spain had been defeated and was under Muslim control. This would be the farthest extent of Islamic control of Europe—in 736, they were stopped in their expansion into Europe south of Tours, France. By 710, Islamic territory covered from Spain ...
File
... Successors (“Rightly Guided Caliphs”) Abu Bakr – organized Muhammad’s revelations into the Qur’an Expansion of the Islamic empire across the Middle East Ali – cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad Assassinated – factional war Shi’ites support Ali and his descendants (minority – most support ...
... Successors (“Rightly Guided Caliphs”) Abu Bakr – organized Muhammad’s revelations into the Qur’an Expansion of the Islamic empire across the Middle East Ali – cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad Assassinated – factional war Shi’ites support Ali and his descendants (minority – most support ...
The Rise of Islam
... D. The Formation of the Umma Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina in 622. In Medina, Muhammad‟s Meccan followers and converts from Medina formed a single community of believers, the umma. ...
... D. The Formation of the Umma Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina in 622. In Medina, Muhammad‟s Meccan followers and converts from Medina formed a single community of believers, the umma. ...
Rise of Islam - Don Dickinson
... Five Pillars of Faith in Islam • 4. Alms – the faithful mist give a portion of their wealth as alms to help the needy, a requirement that also helped to build cohesion in the umma • 5. Hajj – Once in a lifetime, any Muslim who could possibly do it is expected to make a pilgrimage (called the hajj) ...
... Five Pillars of Faith in Islam • 4. Alms – the faithful mist give a portion of their wealth as alms to help the needy, a requirement that also helped to build cohesion in the umma • 5. Hajj – Once in a lifetime, any Muslim who could possibly do it is expected to make a pilgrimage (called the hajj) ...
Document
... governors ruled from garrison towns where Arab soldiers lived and protected and were centers of commerce, the indigenous peoples in the provinces were attracted to these new cities. As a result the peoples in the Umayyad-ruled provinces were exposed to and adopted many aspects of Arab culture-includ ...
... governors ruled from garrison towns where Arab soldiers lived and protected and were centers of commerce, the indigenous peoples in the provinces were attracted to these new cities. As a result the peoples in the Umayyad-ruled provinces were exposed to and adopted many aspects of Arab culture-includ ...
PDF - Real Instituto Elcano
... Islamic history, shi'i protest movements in particular, have often used the principle of alamr bil ma'ruf to advocate the overthrow of unlawful Muslim rulers. The Kharajites, Ismailis and Zaydites adopted the principle as one of their major slogans to justify armed rebellion against unlawful conduct ...
... Islamic history, shi'i protest movements in particular, have often used the principle of alamr bil ma'ruf to advocate the overthrow of unlawful Muslim rulers. The Kharajites, Ismailis and Zaydites adopted the principle as one of their major slogans to justify armed rebellion against unlawful conduct ...
Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
... The Umayyad Caliphate • Mecca remains the holiest city in Islam • Umayyads shift the political capital of the Islamic Empire to Damascus, Syria after the murder of Uthman • From Damascus, the Umayyads built an impressive bureaucracy designed to rule the vast territory ruled under the banner of Isla ...
... The Umayyad Caliphate • Mecca remains the holiest city in Islam • Umayyads shift the political capital of the Islamic Empire to Damascus, Syria after the murder of Uthman • From Damascus, the Umayyads built an impressive bureaucracy designed to rule the vast territory ruled under the banner of Isla ...
Sunni-v.-shia-long-reading-2
... armies also went east and defeated the Persians (centered in modern-day Iran) and took over their empire. These invasions and conquests were part of a Muslim jihad, or holy war, to expand the influence of Islam. ...
... armies also went east and defeated the Persians (centered in modern-day Iran) and took over their empire. These invasions and conquests were part of a Muslim jihad, or holy war, to expand the influence of Islam. ...
History 1030/1030HN
... Both Ghana and Mali were heavily influenced by Islam. How was Muslim influence in Ghana similar to that in Mali, how was it different? What were the factors that enabled Ghana to rise as a powerful commercial state and why did it eventually decline? How did Mansa Musa portray Mali as a Muslim kingdo ...
... Both Ghana and Mali were heavily influenced by Islam. How was Muslim influence in Ghana similar to that in Mali, how was it different? What were the factors that enabled Ghana to rise as a powerful commercial state and why did it eventually decline? How did Mansa Musa portray Mali as a Muslim kingdo ...
File
... Muhammad began to preach Islam in 613 CE, but was met with hostility and rejection in Mecca, because many thought it would hurt Mecca as a trading and pilgrimmage center. ...
... Muhammad began to preach Islam in 613 CE, but was met with hostility and rejection in Mecca, because many thought it would hurt Mecca as a trading and pilgrimmage center. ...
1st Caliphate - Warren County Schools
... Ridda, or "The Apostasy." All of Abu Bakr's energy in the first years would be focussed on quelling these rebellions and tenuously re-establishing the Islamic peace. Once the rebellions had been put down, Abu Bakr began a war of conquest. Whether or not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is h ...
... Ridda, or "The Apostasy." All of Abu Bakr's energy in the first years would be focussed on quelling these rebellions and tenuously re-establishing the Islamic peace. Once the rebellions had been put down, Abu Bakr began a war of conquest. Whether or not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is h ...
Islam: Pluralism and Interfaith Dialogue Shah Abdul Halim In the
... Quran states: O mankind, We created you from a single pair of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes that you may know each other [49:13]. Knowing and respecting each other and dialogue and communication is the best way to avoid mistrust and overcome differences. Establishing harmo ...
... Quran states: O mankind, We created you from a single pair of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes that you may know each other [49:13]. Knowing and respecting each other and dialogue and communication is the best way to avoid mistrust and overcome differences. Establishing harmo ...
After Muhammad
... to the teachings and conquests of Muhammad did so out of profound religious conviction. Some, however, were also motivated by reasons of political and economic convenience, a resigned belief that resistance to the rapidly growing power of Islam was futile. ...
... to the teachings and conquests of Muhammad did so out of profound religious conviction. Some, however, were also motivated by reasons of political and economic convenience, a resigned belief that resistance to the rapidly growing power of Islam was futile. ...
Middle Ages
... Martel vs. Abd ar-Rahman ibn-Abdallah for the control of modern France. • This was arguably one of the most decisive battles in all of history. Not only did this prove to be an extremely decisive battle for the Christians, but the Battle of Tours is considered the high water mark of the Moslem invas ...
... Martel vs. Abd ar-Rahman ibn-Abdallah for the control of modern France. • This was arguably one of the most decisive battles in all of history. Not only did this prove to be an extremely decisive battle for the Christians, but the Battle of Tours is considered the high water mark of the Moslem invas ...
Battle of Mu`tah – v
... faith, bravery and courage of the Muslims, and they began to learn about the new religion and its members." (see Fayda, Allah'in Kilici Halid b. Velid (Allah's Sword: Khalid ibn Al-Walid), p. 168). That was the battle of Mu'tah, which was full of valuable lessons. Once a person has read about its in ...
... faith, bravery and courage of the Muslims, and they began to learn about the new religion and its members." (see Fayda, Allah'in Kilici Halid b. Velid (Allah's Sword: Khalid ibn Al-Walid), p. 168). That was the battle of Mu'tah, which was full of valuable lessons. Once a person has read about its in ...
Section 1 (continued)
... Section 2 (continued) When Abu Bakr died, he had no clear successor. In 656, Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law) was chosen to be caliph, but he was assassinated. Conquered Christians and Jews (called “People of the Book” by Muslims) were able to practice their religion but those who would not conver ...
... Section 2 (continued) When Abu Bakr died, he had no clear successor. In 656, Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law) was chosen to be caliph, but he was assassinated. Conquered Christians and Jews (called “People of the Book” by Muslims) were able to practice their religion but those who would not conver ...
Islam WH017 Activity Introduction Hey there (Name) here. And today
... people to his new religion. However, Muhammad’s success in Medina only threatened the Umayyad in Mecca even more. It wasn’t long until his very own tribe, the Quraysh tribe, began to launch a series of attacks on Muhammad and his followers. However, Muhammad and his followers fought back and eventua ...
... people to his new religion. However, Muhammad’s success in Medina only threatened the Umayyad in Mecca even more. It wasn’t long until his very own tribe, the Quraysh tribe, began to launch a series of attacks on Muhammad and his followers. However, Muhammad and his followers fought back and eventua ...
Caliphs took advantage of weakened empires
... 10. http://moinansari.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/islamic-expansion-in-the-8th-century.jpg 11. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/pilgrimage-to-karbala/who-are-theshia/battle-of-karbala/1729/ ...
... 10. http://moinansari.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/islamic-expansion-in-the-8th-century.jpg 11. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/pilgrimage-to-karbala/who-are-theshia/battle-of-karbala/1729/ ...
A “Global” Civilization: the Birth of Islam
... usually quite indulgently treated. As long as they refrained from the possessions of arms and paid their tribute levied upon them, they were permitted to retain their own beliefs and customs. Islam provided the Arabs with a sense of common cause and a way of releasing martial energies against neighb ...
... usually quite indulgently treated. As long as they refrained from the possessions of arms and paid their tribute levied upon them, they were permitted to retain their own beliefs and customs. Islam provided the Arabs with a sense of common cause and a way of releasing martial energies against neighb ...
height of islam
... conquer new territory. After the fourth Caliph, muslims would be divided into the Sunni and Shiite sects. Blurb pointing to Medina: Sunni Order: Abu Bakr, Muhammad's Father-in-law was the first Caliph, or successor to the prophet. He ruled from Medina. Umar and Uthman are the next two Caliphs. They ...
... conquer new territory. After the fourth Caliph, muslims would be divided into the Sunni and Shiite sects. Blurb pointing to Medina: Sunni Order: Abu Bakr, Muhammad's Father-in-law was the first Caliph, or successor to the prophet. He ruled from Medina. Umar and Uthman are the next two Caliphs. They ...
Muhammad`s Successors Spread Islam
... known as the Umayyads (oo•MY•adz) then came to power. The Umayyads moved the Muslim capital to Damascus. This location, away from Mecca, made controlling conquered territories easier. However, the Arab Muslims felt it was too far away from their lands. In addition, the Umayyads abandoned the simple ...
... known as the Umayyads (oo•MY•adz) then came to power. The Umayyads moved the Muslim capital to Damascus. This location, away from Mecca, made controlling conquered territories easier. However, the Arab Muslims felt it was too far away from their lands. In addition, the Umayyads abandoned the simple ...
Medieval Muslim Algeria
Medieval Muslim Algeria was a period of Muslim dominance in Algeria during the Middle Ages, roughly spanning the millennium from the 7th century to the 17th century. Unlike the invasions of previous religions and cultures, the coming of Islam, which was spread by Arabs, was to have pervasive and long-lasting effects on North Africa. The new faith, in its various forms, would penetrate nearly all segments of society, bringing with it armies, learned men, and fervent mystics; in large part, it would replace tribal practices and loyalties with new social norms and political idioms.Nonetheless, the Islamization and Arabization of the region were complicated and lengthy processes. Whereas nomadic Berbers were quick to convert and assist the Arab invaders, not until the 12th century under the Almohad Dynasty did the Christian and Jewish communities become totally marginalized.The first Arab military expeditions into the Maghrib, between 642 and 669, resulted in the spread of Islam. These early forays from a base in Egypt occurred under local initiative rather than under orders from the central caliphate. When the seat of the caliphate moved from Medina to Damascus, however, the Umayyads (a Muslim dynasty ruling from 661 to 750) recognized that the strategic necessity of dominating the Mediterranean dictated a concerted military effort on the North African front. In 670, therefore, an Arab army under Uqba ibn Nafi established the town of Al Qayrawan about 160 kilometers south of present-day Tunis and used it as a base for further operations.Abu al Muhajir Dinar, Uqba's successor, pushed westward into Algeria and eventually worked out a modus vivendi with Kusayla, the ruler of an extensive confederation of Christian Berbers. Kusayla, who had been based in Tilimsan (Tlemcen), became a Muslim and moved his headquarters to Takirwan, near Al Qayrawan.This harmony was short-lived, however. Arab and Berber forces controlled the region in turn until 697. By 711, Umayyad forces helped by Berber converts to Islam had conquered all of North Africa. Governors appointed by the Umayyad caliphs ruled from Al Qayrawan, capital of the new wilaya (province) of Ifriqiya, which covered Tripolitania (the western part of present-day Libya), Tunisia, and eastern Algeria.Paradoxically, the spread of Islam among the Berbers did not guarantee their support for the Arab-dominated caliphate. The ruling Arabs alienated the Berbers by taxing them heavily; treating converts as second-class Muslims; and, at worst, by enslaving them. As a result, widespread opposition took the form of open revolt in 739–40 under the banner of Kharijite Islam. The Kharijites objected to Ali, the fourth caliph, making peace with the Umayyads in 657 and left Ali's camp (khariji means ""those who leave""). The Kharijites had been fighting Umayyad rule in the East, and many Berbers were attracted by the sect's egalitarian precepts. For example, according to Kharijism, any suitable Muslim candidate could be elected caliph without regard to race, station, or descent from the Prophet Muhammad.After the revolt, Kharijites established a number of theocratic tribal kingdoms, most of which had short and troubled histories. Others, however, like Sijilmasa and Tilimsan, which straddled the principal trade routes, proved more viable and prospered. In 750 the Abbasids, who succeeded the Umayyads as Muslim rulers, moved the caliphate to Baghdad and reestablished caliphal authority in Ifriqiya, appointing Ibrahim ibn al Aghlab as governor in Al Qayrawan. Although nominally serving at the caliph's pleasure, Al Aghlab and his successors, the Aghlabids, ruled independently until 909, presiding over a court that became a center for learning and culture.Just to the west of Aghlabid lands, Abd ar Rahman ibn Rustam ruled most of the central Maghrib from Tahert, southwest of Algiers. The rulers of the Rustamid imamate, which lasted from 761 to 909, each an Ibadi Kharijite imam, were elected by leading citizens. The imams gained a reputation for honesty, piety, and justice. The court at Tahert was noted for its support of scholarship in mathematics, astronomy, and astrology, as well as theology and law. The Rustamid imams, however, failed, by choice or by neglect, to organize a reliable standing army. This important factor, accompanied by the dynasty's eventual collapse into decadence, opened the way for Tahert's demise under the assault of the Fatimids.