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A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human
... one level, and fixed application mechanisms that process high-level task content at the next. Another way of viewing this relationship is to note that an architecture by itself does nothing; it requires content to produce behavior. Because we’ll have occasion to revisit this point periodically, it’s ...
... one level, and fixed application mechanisms that process high-level task content at the next. Another way of viewing this relationship is to note that an architecture by itself does nothing; it requires content to produce behavior. Because we’ll have occasion to revisit this point periodically, it’s ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Furthermore, as Karpicke (2012) pointed out, each time a person retrieves a piece of information from me ...
... results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Furthermore, as Karpicke (2012) pointed out, each time a person retrieves a piece of information from me ...
Creating associative memory distortions
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
... Memory illusions, which have fascinated researchers for decades, refer to situations in which a person either declares that he or she remembers something that did not really occur or remembers a fact that did occur but in a manner that seriously differs from actually experienced events (Roediger, 19 ...
Adoption and Use of Open Source Software: Preliminary
... development, innovation, and, especially, distribution. Lerner and Tirole (2005b) suggest four questions/issues of interest to scholars studying open source software: 1) technological characteristics conducive to smooth open source development, 2) optimal licensing of open source, 3) the coexistence ...
... development, innovation, and, especially, distribution. Lerner and Tirole (2005b) suggest four questions/issues of interest to scholars studying open source software: 1) technological characteristics conducive to smooth open source development, 2) optimal licensing of open source, 3) the coexistence ...
PECS Example Adult Learning Disorder Report
... • Difficulty absorbing instructions, particularly if they contain more than one step. • Wide ranging difficulties in both maths and reading, both of which are activities that place high demand on working memory ability. • These individuals will be slower than their peers in being able to pick up new ...
... • Difficulty absorbing instructions, particularly if they contain more than one step. • Wide ranging difficulties in both maths and reading, both of which are activities that place high demand on working memory ability. • These individuals will be slower than their peers in being able to pick up new ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
... phenomena such as the recency component of a serial position curve (Crow & Grove-White, 1973; Frith et al., 1984) and digit span (Beatty et al., 1986; Drachman, 1978) are also spared. Recently, studies have shown that scopolamine may impact recognition memory processes by affecting both recollection ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... of the functional state of this region in patients with early AD or at risk for that condition. The current study uses fMRI to examine the individual patterns of brain activation associated with successful autobiographical memory retrieval in eight normal subjects. ...
... of the functional state of this region in patients with early AD or at risk for that condition. The current study uses fMRI to examine the individual patterns of brain activation associated with successful autobiographical memory retrieval in eight normal subjects. ...
Matlin, Cognition, 7e, Chapter 8: General Knowledge
... adjusting the connection weights. 4. Sometimes we have only partial memory for some information, rather than complete, perfect memory. The brain’s ability to provide partial memory is called graceful degradation (e.g., tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, brain function after accident or stroke) ...
... adjusting the connection weights. 4. Sometimes we have only partial memory for some information, rather than complete, perfect memory. The brain’s ability to provide partial memory is called graceful degradation (e.g., tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, brain function after accident or stroke) ...
Brain oscillations and memory - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... of neurons that represent single items may fire on each theta cycle, but only in a given gamma subcycle. During maintenance, sequential items are active in sequential gamma subcycles, thereby encoding sequence order and achieving a temporal compression of the naturally occurring timing of item separ ...
... of neurons that represent single items may fire on each theta cycle, but only in a given gamma subcycle. During maintenance, sequential items are active in sequential gamma subcycles, thereby encoding sequence order and achieving a temporal compression of the naturally occurring timing of item separ ...
Full Text - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... Background Previous studies in schizophrenia have shown a strong relationship between memory deficits and a poor clinical outcome. However, no previous study has identified the functional neural correlates of memory encoding in relation to remission. Aims To determine whether functional magnetic res ...
... Background Previous studies in schizophrenia have shown a strong relationship between memory deficits and a poor clinical outcome. However, no previous study has identified the functional neural correlates of memory encoding in relation to remission. Aims To determine whether functional magnetic res ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved
... to make the straightforward prediction that reliable priming of the critical nonpresented word will occur. For example, transfer appropriate processing theory holds that conceptual memory tests (whether explicit or implicit) should behave similarly (Roediger, 1990; Roediger & Blaxton, 1987); therefo ...
... to make the straightforward prediction that reliable priming of the critical nonpresented word will occur. For example, transfer appropriate processing theory holds that conceptual memory tests (whether explicit or implicit) should behave similarly (Roediger, 1990; Roediger & Blaxton, 1987); therefo ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... evidence for both arousal-impaired and arousal-enhanced memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional ...
... evidence for both arousal-impaired and arousal-enhanced memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce deficits in the 24-h memory retention test. Post-training and pre-probe test RE inactivation also impaired memory retrieval. Together, these results suggest that RE is necessary for RM acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in the MWM. For ...
... on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce deficits in the 24-h memory retention test. Post-training and pre-probe test RE inactivation also impaired memory retrieval. Together, these results suggest that RE is necessary for RM acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in the MWM. For ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce deficits in the 24-h memory retention test. Post-training and pre-probe test RE inactivation also impaired memory retrieval. Together, these results suggest that RE is necessary for RM acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in the MWM. For ...
... on the acquisition stage of the task, but did not produce deficits in the 24-h memory retention test. Post-training and pre-probe test RE inactivation also impaired memory retrieval. Together, these results suggest that RE is necessary for RM acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in the MWM. For ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... use of these unfamiliar contextual cues was highly effective. On the basis of an informal posttest questionnaire, only 2 participants reported ever having been physically present within any one of these unfamiliar contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfami ...
... use of these unfamiliar contextual cues was highly effective. On the basis of an informal posttest questionnaire, only 2 participants reported ever having been physically present within any one of these unfamiliar contexts. These 2 specific trials were excluded from analysis, ensuring that all unfami ...
The Role of Working Memory in Reading Disability
... tant study by Torgesen and Houck (1980), two level at the end of first grade. In a subsequent groups of learning disabled children were identified, only one of which had memory impairanalysis of these children, Jorm, Share, Maclean, and Matthews (1986) subdivided the children who ments. Further, the ...
... tant study by Torgesen and Houck (1980), two level at the end of first grade. In a subsequent groups of learning disabled children were identified, only one of which had memory impairanalysis of these children, Jorm, Share, Maclean, and Matthews (1986) subdivided the children who ments. Further, the ...
How to be creative
... Programming require explicit designing of mechanisms that produce certain outcomes. By giving these explicit instructions the potential of a program acting in novel ways is decreased, since clearly it means that it’s known beforehand how the system will behave. The instructions that define programs ...
... Programming require explicit designing of mechanisms that produce certain outcomes. By giving these explicit instructions the potential of a program acting in novel ways is decreased, since clearly it means that it’s known beforehand how the system will behave. The instructions that define programs ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but the anatomofunctional interaction between the two remains unclear in humans. In novelty detection (oddball) paradigms, infrequent targets are randomly embedded in a ...
... of these aspects of cognition is associated with frequently used experimental paradigms and robust electrophysiological signatures, but the anatomofunctional interaction between the two remains unclear in humans. In novelty detection (oddball) paradigms, infrequent targets are randomly embedded in a ...
Proteus: Visual Analogy in Problem Solving
... themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval task may be decomposed into the subtasks of reminding and selection, and the transfer task may involve the subtask of adaptation. ANALOGY addresses only the mapping and transfer subtasks of analogy. In contrast, Letter Spirit address ...
... themselves involve additional subtasks. For example, the retrieval task may be decomposed into the subtasks of reminding and selection, and the transfer task may involve the subtask of adaptation. ANALOGY addresses only the mapping and transfer subtasks of analogy. In contrast, Letter Spirit address ...
Memory Cure -- through ‘brain specific nutrients’?
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
... In sum, for most of the "brain-specific" nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the poss ...
Paranoid Schizophrenia
... which the person seems to disintegrate from reality The person’s develops a distorted view of the world around them. ...
... which the person seems to disintegrate from reality The person’s develops a distorted view of the world around them. ...
Memory consolidation in humans: new evidence and opportunities
... In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classifier, to learn over multiple trials the patterns of activity across voxels that are associated with specific stimuli. The classifier is then applied to the da ...
... In an MVPA analysis, an fMRI data set is split into two; one part is set aside, and the other is used to train a computer algorithm, or classifier, to learn over multiple trials the patterns of activity across voxels that are associated with specific stimuli. The classifier is then applied to the da ...
The retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right
... unlikely to become part of a memory's gist which, according to Winocur and Moscovitch (Winocur & Moscovitch, 2011; Winocur et al., 2010), can be retained and accessed without involving the hippocampus. For these reasons, we propose that perceptual memory content is a sensitive marker of recollection ...
... unlikely to become part of a memory's gist which, according to Winocur and Moscovitch (Winocur & Moscovitch, 2011; Winocur et al., 2010), can be retained and accessed without involving the hippocampus. For these reasons, we propose that perceptual memory content is a sensitive marker of recollection ...
Source amnesia
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phineas_gage_-_1868_skull_diagram.jpg?width=300)
Source amnesia is the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge. This branch of amnesia is associated with the malfunctioning of one's explicit memory. It is likely that the disconnect between having the knowledge and remembering the context in which the knowledge was acquired is due to a dissociation between semantic and episodic memory – an individual retains the semantic knowledge (the fact), but lacks the episodic knowledge to indicate the context in which the knowledge was gained.Memory representations reflect the encoding processes during acquisition. Different types of acquisition processes (e.g.: reading, thinking, listening) and different types of events (e.g.: newspaper, thoughts, conversation) will produce mental depictions that perceptually differ from one another in the brain, making it harder to retrieve where information was learned when placed in a different context of retrieval. Source monitoring involves a systematic process of slow and deliberate thought of where information was originally learned. Source monitoring can be improved by using more retrieval cues, discovering and noting relations and extended reasoning.