
IJTIHAD INSTITUTIONS: THE KEY TO ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY
... second is “jihad”. These two concepts wholly differ from each other. This search outcome is a brief example of common western misperceptions of fundamental concepts in Islam. In his recent speech to the Muslim world, President Barack Obama described the two institutions that hosted him, Al-Azhar and ...
... second is “jihad”. These two concepts wholly differ from each other. This search outcome is a brief example of common western misperceptions of fundamental concepts in Islam. In his recent speech to the Muslim world, President Barack Obama described the two institutions that hosted him, Al-Azhar and ...
The Teachings of Islam
... Notes on the Background of Islam, from The Islamic Invasion by Robert Morey Notes on the Historical Background of Islam with References, by Chuck Missler Christian Information Ministries: The Religion of Islam Allah is Not a Personal God Islam, Islam, Islam, Islam (Advocate of Islam Ibrahim Shafi) I ...
... Notes on the Background of Islam, from The Islamic Invasion by Robert Morey Notes on the Historical Background of Islam with References, by Chuck Missler Christian Information Ministries: The Religion of Islam Allah is Not a Personal God Islam, Islam, Islam, Islam (Advocate of Islam Ibrahim Shafi) I ...
A Muslim Response to the Attack on America
... liberate the Holy Land. This ‘dark night’ will hardly last another fifty years before the sunshine surely returns, Insha Allah, and Truth triumphs for the last time over falsehood. At that time Islam would rule the world from Jerusalem. My latest book, ‘Jerusalem in the Qur’an’, which is soon to be ...
... liberate the Holy Land. This ‘dark night’ will hardly last another fifty years before the sunshine surely returns, Insha Allah, and Truth triumphs for the last time over falsehood. At that time Islam would rule the world from Jerusalem. My latest book, ‘Jerusalem in the Qur’an’, which is soon to be ...
The Mission of ProPheT MuhaMMad
... horses as they prepare for a mission which, in the years to come, is to transform the lives and thoughts of millions of people. The band has a teaching to offer to the city folks who, far from listening to them, start persecuting their leader so much as to compel them to leave the city. The year is ...
... horses as they prepare for a mission which, in the years to come, is to transform the lives and thoughts of millions of people. The band has a teaching to offer to the city folks who, far from listening to them, start persecuting their leader so much as to compel them to leave the city. The year is ...
Religious Roots of Muslim Violence
... commands of the Koran. This is true, but critics of Islam rarely argue that this is the case if only because humans, whether Muslims or not, are not machines, and this by definition. Nevertheless, the Koran sets the tone for much of what Muslims believe and think. The Koran contains dozens of passag ...
... commands of the Koran. This is true, but critics of Islam rarely argue that this is the case if only because humans, whether Muslims or not, are not machines, and this by definition. Nevertheless, the Koran sets the tone for much of what Muslims believe and think. The Koran contains dozens of passag ...
constitutionalism and democracy: an islamic
... and cause greater instability by accentuating the wishes of the majority of citizens over a suppressed minority. It may be relatively easy to impose elections on a given country, but it is more difficult to establish legality, commitment to basic rights, and a constitutional order of checks and bala ...
... and cause greater instability by accentuating the wishes of the majority of citizens over a suppressed minority. It may be relatively easy to impose elections on a given country, but it is more difficult to establish legality, commitment to basic rights, and a constitutional order of checks and bala ...
Sunni Islam - European Parliament
... Since relatively few Koranic and Prophetic statements were unambiguous and contained clear and specific normative rulings, a large part of Islamic law was the product of so-called independent reasoning (ijtihad). Within that context, accepted sources of Islamic law also included scholarly consensus ...
... Since relatively few Koranic and Prophetic statements were unambiguous and contained clear and specific normative rulings, a large part of Islamic law was the product of so-called independent reasoning (ijtihad). Within that context, accepted sources of Islamic law also included scholarly consensus ...
The Sunnis and The Shiites - Sheila T. Harty, Editor, Writer, Speaker
... The gifts and letters he sent home were a window on another world. In the 60s, I lost track of my college boyfriend because he had became a Muslim and changed his name to Mohammed. In the 70s, I studied Islam in graduate school. My professor was a Sufi mystic from Zanzibar. For most Americans, news ...
... The gifts and letters he sent home were a window on another world. In the 60s, I lost track of my college boyfriend because he had became a Muslim and changed his name to Mohammed. In the 70s, I studied Islam in graduate school. My professor was a Sufi mystic from Zanzibar. For most Americans, news ...
06.Fobl-Dup/tbt/1/ev - Hal-SHS
... is to see how the judges find themselves confronted by the legal status of Muslims living in Belgium. The issue of the integration of Muslim communities into the Belgium legal system is, today, at the very heart of the dilemma: "culture in plural terms, or culture in the singular". This dyad, which ...
... is to see how the judges find themselves confronted by the legal status of Muslims living in Belgium. The issue of the integration of Muslim communities into the Belgium legal system is, today, at the very heart of the dilemma: "culture in plural terms, or culture in the singular". This dyad, which ...
View PDF - Hudson Institute
... Traditionally, students did not pay for their education or lodging but worked for the kiai in exchange for their expenses. Even with the addition of secular and technical subjects, the main purpose of the pesantren education, as noted above, is to spread Islam. Pesantren values define a modernity qui ...
... Traditionally, students did not pay for their education or lodging but worked for the kiai in exchange for their expenses. Even with the addition of secular and technical subjects, the main purpose of the pesantren education, as noted above, is to spread Islam. Pesantren values define a modernity qui ...
From Islamic Revivalism to Islamic Radicalism in Southeast Asia
... followers in Indonesia, it did not fit what was becoming the dominant model of a Southeast Asian Islamic movement, including its South Asian rather than Middle Eastern roots. This led me to a number of questions about the relationship between JT and the general understanding of Islamic organisations ...
... followers in Indonesia, it did not fit what was becoming the dominant model of a Southeast Asian Islamic movement, including its South Asian rather than Middle Eastern roots. This led me to a number of questions about the relationship between JT and the general understanding of Islamic organisations ...
What do ordinary citizens in the Arab world really think about the
... We wanted to dig even deeper into factors shaping the views of younger less well-educated men, the key demographic targeted by Islamic State messaging. We therefore introduced a survey experiment into the 2016 Arab Barometer instrument. Respondents were randomly assigned to either a control group or ...
... We wanted to dig even deeper into factors shaping the views of younger less well-educated men, the key demographic targeted by Islamic State messaging. We therefore introduced a survey experiment into the 2016 Arab Barometer instrument. Respondents were randomly assigned to either a control group or ...
this PDF file - Minda Masagi Journals
... be revered; it is Allah, and only He, that creates the system and social order for mankind to follow. Any resistance to this idea is considered as a serious digression or taghut. The Qur’anic basis used by Ibn Taymiyyah can be traced to three verses, namely 44, 45, and 47 in Surah 5, al-Maidah, “[…] ...
... be revered; it is Allah, and only He, that creates the system and social order for mankind to follow. Any resistance to this idea is considered as a serious digression or taghut. The Qur’anic basis used by Ibn Taymiyyah can be traced to three verses, namely 44, 45, and 47 in Surah 5, al-Maidah, “[…] ...
Anne F. Broadbridge, Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and
... are those dealing with the post-Ilkhanid upheavals and with Tamerlane’s invasions into the Middle East, where Broadbridge displays a highly complex picture of medieval international relations. After a useful first chapter which reviews the basic ideologies of both sides and includes an illuminating ...
... are those dealing with the post-Ilkhanid upheavals and with Tamerlane’s invasions into the Middle East, where Broadbridge displays a highly complex picture of medieval international relations. After a useful first chapter which reviews the basic ideologies of both sides and includes an illuminating ...
Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon
... the same soil, drink the water from the same spring, breathe the air of the same atmosphere. Even while staunchly holding our own views, it would be helpful, if for no other purpose, at least to promote proper adjustment to our surroundings, if we also know to some extent, how the mind of our neighb ...
... the same soil, drink the water from the same spring, breathe the air of the same atmosphere. Even while staunchly holding our own views, it would be helpful, if for no other purpose, at least to promote proper adjustment to our surroundings, if we also know to some extent, how the mind of our neighb ...
as a PDF
... strong ties to a homeland and maintain these ties across generations. In that respect these transnational religious movements develop a diasporic character in the form of representations and imaginations of a homeland. In studies about Islam and transnationalism in Europe, it is these transnational, ...
... strong ties to a homeland and maintain these ties across generations. In that respect these transnational religious movements develop a diasporic character in the form of representations and imaginations of a homeland. In studies about Islam and transnationalism in Europe, it is these transnational, ...
I s l a m Faith Guides for Higher Education
... principally in three areas; succession, authority and the law. After the Prophet’s death the Shi’a (literally ‘party’ or ‘faction’ [ie of Ali]) believed that Ali, the cousin of the Prophet and husband of his daughter Fatima, should have succeeded him, followed by his descendants, who were given the ...
... principally in three areas; succession, authority and the law. After the Prophet’s death the Shi’a (literally ‘party’ or ‘faction’ [ie of Ali]) believed that Ali, the cousin of the Prophet and husband of his daughter Fatima, should have succeeded him, followed by his descendants, who were given the ...
Islam, ISIS and Jihad Session 6: The Global Mandate for Sharia Law
... This session will focus on the reality and ramifications wherever Sharia Law is established. I want us to look at each point in this session (some of which are review) from the standpoint of a non-Muslim living under Sharia conditions. II. ...
... This session will focus on the reality and ramifications wherever Sharia Law is established. I want us to look at each point in this session (some of which are review) from the standpoint of a non-Muslim living under Sharia conditions. II. ...
social evolution in islam - Innovative Issues and Approaches in
... have not been possible”. (Malek Ben Nabi, 1988) For him the external cause is the direct cause of cultural rivalry and working of Muslim for their individual interests and leaving behind the collective cause of progress and development of Muslim society. The other group of scholars among whom Abdul ...
... have not been possible”. (Malek Ben Nabi, 1988) For him the external cause is the direct cause of cultural rivalry and working of Muslim for their individual interests and leaving behind the collective cause of progress and development of Muslim society. The other group of scholars among whom Abdul ...
JAT Chapter 11
... Trade and Everyday Life • Until the 1400s, Muslim traders were the most successful merchants in the Middle East and North Africa for several reasons: the expansion of the Arabic language, the provision of coins by Muslim rulers, and banking practices. • Mosques are Muslim houses of worship. ...
... Trade and Everyday Life • Until the 1400s, Muslim traders were the most successful merchants in the Middle East and North Africa for several reasons: the expansion of the Arabic language, the provision of coins by Muslim rulers, and banking practices. • Mosques are Muslim houses of worship. ...
Jus ad Bellum in Modern Islamic Legal Discourse
... bindingness. It is merely to say that, if one is interested in questions of justice, morality, and normativity, the state is an object of, rather than the source of, transcendent moral theorizing and authoritative law-giving. To even speak about ‘Islamic law’ is already to speak in an alien idiom. W ...
... bindingness. It is merely to say that, if one is interested in questions of justice, morality, and normativity, the state is an object of, rather than the source of, transcendent moral theorizing and authoritative law-giving. To even speak about ‘Islamic law’ is already to speak in an alien idiom. W ...
obligations to God - Tanzeem-e
... There are two main factors that determine one’s actions: (1) Intentions and (2) Clarity of purpose. Intentions, no doubt, occupy the pride of place. These should be driven by our faith in God as the One True God without partners or associates, that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is His messenger, and th ...
... There are two main factors that determine one’s actions: (1) Intentions and (2) Clarity of purpose. Intentions, no doubt, occupy the pride of place. These should be driven by our faith in God as the One True God without partners or associates, that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is His messenger, and th ...
A Christian scholar chimes in - Shamoun
... “One Muslim scholar who wrote in support of the corruption of the text of the Torah prior to Ibn Hazm was al-Maqdisi.80 Many subsequent Muslim writers echoed Ibn Hazm’s arguments, such as al-Qarafi, Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya.81 Thus the two tampering accusations appeared to continue on ...
... “One Muslim scholar who wrote in support of the corruption of the text of the Torah prior to Ibn Hazm was al-Maqdisi.80 Many subsequent Muslim writers echoed Ibn Hazm’s arguments, such as al-Qarafi, Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya.81 Thus the two tampering accusations appeared to continue on ...
Weapons of Mass Defamation: Aspects of the 2006 `Cartoon Crisis`
... In the public discussion two positions emerged. One of these claimed that Muslims (or for that matter people of other faiths) have to understand that criticism or satire regarding religion belong to an open, democratic society, and that they simply have to accept it. There should be no stepping back ...
... In the public discussion two positions emerged. One of these claimed that Muslims (or for that matter people of other faiths) have to understand that criticism or satire regarding religion belong to an open, democratic society, and that they simply have to accept it. There should be no stepping back ...
Periscoping Western Management Theories through the
... encourage and stress on the learning of skills and struggle for good work to benefit the community as well. Islam firmly believes about consultation and co-operation at work [11]. As far as the practice of human resource management is concerned, there are many values and norms that managers should a ...
... encourage and stress on the learning of skills and struggle for good work to benefit the community as well. Islam firmly believes about consultation and co-operation at work [11]. As far as the practice of human resource management is concerned, there are many values and norms that managers should a ...
Sources of sharia

Various sources of sharia are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elucidate the sharia, the body of Islamic law. The primary sources, accepted universally by all Muslims, are the Qur'an and Sunnah. The Qur'an is the holy scripture of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the direct and unaltered word of God. The Sunnah consists of the religious actions and quotations of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and narrated through his Companions and the Imams (per the beliefs of the Sunni and Shi'ite schools respectively).As Islamic regulations stated in the primary sources do not explicitly deal with every conceivable eventuality, jurisprudence must refer to resources and authentic documents to find the correct course of action. According to Sunni schools of law, secondary sources of Islamic law are consensus, the exact nature of which bears no consensus itself; analogical reason; pure reason; seeking the public interest; juristic discretion; the rulings of the first generation of Muslims; and local customs. Hanafi school frequently relies on analogical deduction and independent reasoning, and Maliki and Hanbali generally use the Hadith instead. Shafi'i school uses Sunnah more than Hanafi and analogy more than two others. Among Shia, Usuli school of Ja'fari jurisprudence uses four sources, which are Qur'an, Sunnah, consensus and the intellect. They use consensus under special conditions and rely on the intellect to find general principles based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, and use the principles of jurisprudence as a methodology to interpret the Qur'an and Sunnah in different circumstances. Akhbari Ja'faris rely more on tradition and reject ijtihad. According to Momen, despite considerable differences in the principles of jurisprudence between Shia and the four Sunni schools of law, there are fewer differences in the practical application of jurisprudence to ritual observances and social transactions.