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... • The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids form ‘kinks’ so the molecules cannot pack together to form solids. • saturated fatty acids can pack together closely and can form solids. ...
... • The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids form ‘kinks’ so the molecules cannot pack together to form solids. • saturated fatty acids can pack together closely and can form solids. ...
Basic Principle in Plant Physiology
... •Amino acids released from protein turnover can be resynthesized into proteins. •Excess amino acids are degraded into specific compounds that can be used in other metabolic pathways. •This process begins with the removal of the amino group, which can be converted to urea and excreted. •The a-ketoids ...
... •Amino acids released from protein turnover can be resynthesized into proteins. •Excess amino acids are degraded into specific compounds that can be used in other metabolic pathways. •This process begins with the removal of the amino group, which can be converted to urea and excreted. •The a-ketoids ...
Purification and Characterization of
... 214 6 12.6 kD, suggesting a tetrameric structure for this catalyst. Because H. carterae PRK activity was insensitive to NADH but was stimulated by dithiothreitol, it appears that the enzyme may require a thioredoxin/ferredoxin rather than a metabolite mode of regulation. Kinetic analysis of this enz ...
... 214 6 12.6 kD, suggesting a tetrameric structure for this catalyst. Because H. carterae PRK activity was insensitive to NADH but was stimulated by dithiothreitol, it appears that the enzyme may require a thioredoxin/ferredoxin rather than a metabolite mode of regulation. Kinetic analysis of this enz ...
Lecture: Fatty Acids Synthesis Recall the physiological role of
... Identify the common starting material for these compounds. o Prostaglandins are fatty acids 20 carbon atoms an internal, saturated 5-carbon ring a hydroxyl group at carbon 15 a double bond between carbons 13 and 14 various substituents on the ring o Thromboxanes structure similar to PG, bu ...
... Identify the common starting material for these compounds. o Prostaglandins are fatty acids 20 carbon atoms an internal, saturated 5-carbon ring a hydroxyl group at carbon 15 a double bond between carbons 13 and 14 various substituents on the ring o Thromboxanes structure similar to PG, bu ...
Annotation guidelines - Systems Biology and Bioinformatics
... GP means gene and protein that reside within organism. This also includes: Gene: genetic sequences reside on DNA that code for mRNA or protein. Protein: A long chain amino acid. Enzyme: Subset of protein that has catalytic function. mRNA: Polypeptide of ribonucleotides. We only restrict to find mRNA ...
... GP means gene and protein that reside within organism. This also includes: Gene: genetic sequences reside on DNA that code for mRNA or protein. Protein: A long chain amino acid. Enzyme: Subset of protein that has catalytic function. mRNA: Polypeptide of ribonucleotides. We only restrict to find mRNA ...
Proteases - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... 1. Conformational distortion forms the tetrahedral intermediate and causes the carboxyl to move close to the oxyanion hole ...
... 1. Conformational distortion forms the tetrahedral intermediate and causes the carboxyl to move close to the oxyanion hole ...
Tyrocidine Biosynthesis by Three Complementary Fractions from
... by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A light (mol wt 100,000) and an intermediate component (mol wt 230,000) activate phenylalanine and proline, respectively. A heavy fraction (mol wt 460,000) activates the remaining tyrocidine constituent amino acids, includihg phenylalanine. As found in gramicidin S ...
... by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A light (mol wt 100,000) and an intermediate component (mol wt 230,000) activate phenylalanine and proline, respectively. A heavy fraction (mol wt 460,000) activates the remaining tyrocidine constituent amino acids, includihg phenylalanine. As found in gramicidin S ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... required for an active enzyme. Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin, either by HCl, or autocatalytically by other pepsin molecules that have already been activated. Pepsin releases peptides and a few free amino acids from dietary proteins. ...
... required for an active enzyme. Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin, either by HCl, or autocatalytically by other pepsin molecules that have already been activated. Pepsin releases peptides and a few free amino acids from dietary proteins. ...
Energy and cellular metabolism
... Transport work enables cells to move ions, molecules, and larger particles through the cell membrane and through the membranes of organelles in the cell. Transport work is particularly useful for creating concentration gradients, distributions of molecules in which the concentration is higher on one ...
... Transport work enables cells to move ions, molecules, and larger particles through the cell membrane and through the membranes of organelles in the cell. Transport work is particularly useful for creating concentration gradients, distributions of molecules in which the concentration is higher on one ...
CH 2 - Faperta UGM
... Fatty acid esters of trihydroxy alcohol The fast majorities in nature have all 3 of glycerol hydroxy groups esterified with fatty acids and are called triglycerides (triacylglycerols) They are the main constituents of natural fats and oil Food reserves in seeds and/or fleshy part of fruit ...
... Fatty acid esters of trihydroxy alcohol The fast majorities in nature have all 3 of glycerol hydroxy groups esterified with fatty acids and are called triglycerides (triacylglycerols) They are the main constituents of natural fats and oil Food reserves in seeds and/or fleshy part of fruit ...
ID_4450_General principles of metaboli_English_sem_5
... Simple end product, energy Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of ADP Coenzymes Inorganic phosphate Oxygen High-energy ATP bonds Which term most precisely describes the general process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? Anabolism Dehydration Catalysis ...
... Simple end product, energy Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of ADP Coenzymes Inorganic phosphate Oxygen High-energy ATP bonds Which term most precisely describes the general process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? Anabolism Dehydration Catalysis ...
Summary of Chapter 24
... • Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gln, Gly, Pro, Ser, Tyr are nonessential amino acids. • Glycerate-3-phosphate →→→ Ser → Gly → Cys • Pyruvate → Ala • α-Ketoglutarate → Glu → Gln; Glu→→→Pro • Oxaloacetate → Asp → Asn THF→5,10-methylene THF → Gly • Ser • Phe → Tyr by phenylalanine-4-monooxygen ...
... • Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gln, Gly, Pro, Ser, Tyr are nonessential amino acids. • Glycerate-3-phosphate →→→ Ser → Gly → Cys • Pyruvate → Ala • α-Ketoglutarate → Glu → Gln; Glu→→→Pro • Oxaloacetate → Asp → Asn THF→5,10-methylene THF → Gly • Ser • Phe → Tyr by phenylalanine-4-monooxygen ...
P - GMC Surat
... mRNA that is being translated. New aminoacyl-tRNA for next triplet codon appears in ribosomal A site is facilitated in by EF-Tu, EF-Ts & EF-G ...
... mRNA that is being translated. New aminoacyl-tRNA for next triplet codon appears in ribosomal A site is facilitated in by EF-Tu, EF-Ts & EF-G ...
Rusnak_Rosenzweig_2000 - Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
... at the active sites are similar. In all three enzymes, the two metal ions are linked by a bridging solvent molecule and a µ-1,1 aspartic acid. Additional ligands include a histidine and an aspartic acid to the first metal ion and two histidines and an asparagine to the second metal ion. The location ...
... at the active sites are similar. In all three enzymes, the two metal ions are linked by a bridging solvent molecule and a µ-1,1 aspartic acid. Additional ligands include a histidine and an aspartic acid to the first metal ion and two histidines and an asparagine to the second metal ion. The location ...
11. Archaea and Bacteria
... 2. Arachaea and bacteria: Two descendants of the universal common ancestor Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are classified in Bacteria, which is a domain of life newly proposed phylogenetic classification of all life [1]. Other domains are Archaea and Eukarya. Because cells of Eukarya are gene ...
... 2. Arachaea and bacteria: Two descendants of the universal common ancestor Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are classified in Bacteria, which is a domain of life newly proposed phylogenetic classification of all life [1]. Other domains are Archaea and Eukarya. Because cells of Eukarya are gene ...
Modular Architecture of Metabolic Pathways Revealed by
... transformation patterns in all known metabolic pathways stored in the KEGG PATHWAY database. The extracted reaction modules are repeatedly used as if they are building blocks of the metabolic network and contain chemical logic of organic reactions. Furthermore, the reaction modules often correspond ...
... transformation patterns in all known metabolic pathways stored in the KEGG PATHWAY database. The extracted reaction modules are repeatedly used as if they are building blocks of the metabolic network and contain chemical logic of organic reactions. Furthermore, the reaction modules often correspond ...
Time: 1.5 hour
... 19. Which of the following is required for conversion of 3-PGAL and dihydroxy acetone phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate? (a) Hexokinase (b) Phosphatase (c) Aldolase (d) Transketolase 20. During anaerobic respiration in yeast: (a) H2O, CO2 and energy are the only end products (b) H2O, C6H12O6 and ...
... 19. Which of the following is required for conversion of 3-PGAL and dihydroxy acetone phosphate to fructose 1,6-diphosphate? (a) Hexokinase (b) Phosphatase (c) Aldolase (d) Transketolase 20. During anaerobic respiration in yeast: (a) H2O, CO2 and energy are the only end products (b) H2O, C6H12O6 and ...
Recombinant DNA - Rose
... Plasmid preparation procedures are non-specific: they can be used to purify any plasmid present within the bacteria. This is a major advantage, because it means that the protocol does not need to be changed for different plasmids. However, it also means that it is possible to purify the wrong plasm ...
... Plasmid preparation procedures are non-specific: they can be used to purify any plasmid present within the bacteria. This is a major advantage, because it means that the protocol does not need to be changed for different plasmids. However, it also means that it is possible to purify the wrong plasm ...
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Phospholipid
... a Glu aligning with this position but instead has Ala or Ser, which have smaller side chains. Lipases, as well as HsLCAT, contain a so-called lid domain which is closed by a disulfide bridge. The lid structure occurs between the two Cys, C74 and C98, at the N- and C- terminal parts of the segment in ...
... a Glu aligning with this position but instead has Ala or Ser, which have smaller side chains. Lipases, as well as HsLCAT, contain a so-called lid domain which is closed by a disulfide bridge. The lid structure occurs between the two Cys, C74 and C98, at the N- and C- terminal parts of the segment in ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.